This study explores the critical role of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) in producing cultural hegemony within the frameworks of Antonio Gramsci's cultural hegemony theory and Louis Althusser's concept of ideological state apparatuses. As a public broadcaster, TRT has reinforced national identity and cultural heritage through historical narratives and cultural productions. From 1960 to 1990, its content focused on nation-building and modernization, while the 1990s emphasized urbanization and growing realism. The 2000s saw the rise of conservative morality and neo-Ottoman themes, amplified by TRT's expanding presence on digital platforms. The study highlights TRT’s strategic functions in promoting national unity and cultural pride domestically and contributing to Turkey’s cultural diplomacy internationally. It also emphasizes the role of historical narratives in disseminating hegemonic discourses, while noting the emergence of resistance mechanisms in the digital era. By adapting to shifting sociopolitical contexts, TRT has served as a key instrument for shaping national identity and safeguarding cultural values. Internationally, it continues to act as a platform for presenting Turkey’s history and cultural heritage. The study evaluates TRT’s contribution to hegemonic discourse creation and dissemination, particularly in the context of its influence in the contemporary media ecosystem.

Natural heritage digitization has evolved beyond simple 3D representation. Contemporary approaches require transparent documentation integrating biological, heritage, and digitization standards, yet existing frameworks operate in isolated domains without semantic interoperability. Current digitization frameworks fail to integrate biological standards (Darwin Core, ABCD), heritage standards (CIDOC-CRM), and digitization standards (CRMdig, PROV-O) into a unified semantic architecture, limiting transparent documentation of natural heritage data across its entire lifecycle—from physical observation through digital reconstruction to knowledge reasoning. This study proposes an integrated semantic framework comprising three components: (1) the E-DNH ontology, which adopts a triple-layer architecture (data–metadata–paradata) and a triple-module structure (nature–heritage–digital), bridging Darwin Core, CIDOC-CRM, CRMdig, and PROV-O; (2) the HR3D workflow, which establishes a standardized high-precision 3D data acquisition protocol that systematically documents paradata; and (3) the C-EDNH platform, which implements a Neo4j-based knowledge graph with semantic search capabilities, AI-driven quality assessment, and persistent identifiers (NSId/DOI). The framework was validated through digitization of 197 natural heritage specimens (68.5% avian, 24.9% insects, 5.1% mammals, 1.5% reptiles), demonstrating high geometric accuracy (RMS 0.18 ± 0.09 mm), visual fidelity (SSIM 0.92 ± 0.03), and color accuracy (ΔE00 2.1 ± 0.7). The resulting knowledge graph comprises 15,000+ nodes and 45,000+ semantic relationships, enabling cross-domain federated queries and reasoning. Unlike conventional approaches that treat digitization as mere data preservation, this framework positions digitization as an interpretive reconstruction process. By systematically documenting paradata, it establishes a foundation for knowledge discovery, reproducibility, and critical reassessment of digital natural heritage.

The Wetlands of the Pantanal in Brazil are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and events such as wildfires pose a significant threat to biodiversity. In 2020, approximately 80% of its area was affected by high-intensity fires. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze, both spectrally and temporally over a three-year period (2019, 2020, and 2021), the behavior of four macrohabitats located within two study areas of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage SESC Pantanal (RPPN SESC Pantanal), situated in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. For the analysis conducted over the three-year period in the study areas, the Micasense Altum multispectral camera was employed, along with processing methods involving spectral and temporal analysis. The results revealed a drastic decrease in reflectance within the red-edge and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands in 2020, following the fire event, in both mapped areas. A subsequent recovery was observed in 2021, although reflectance levels remained below those recorded in 2019 (pre-fire conditions). The Acurizal and Tabocal macrohabitats exhibited the highest reflectance amplitudes and the greatest variability over the years, particularly in longer wavelengths (NIR). The Campina macrohabitat showed the lowest reflectance values, due to its vegetation being composed predominantly of shrub and herbaceous species. The Dry Forest (Mata Seca) displayed the highest spectral stability and demonstrated a continuous downward trend in average reflectance, indicating a loss of species diversity following the fire event. The findings contribute to the enhancement of conservation measures in wetland ecosystems, the management of protected areas, and the effectiveness of public policies, highlighting the potential of high-resolution multispectral data for spectral monitoring as a tool for detecting environmental changes.

The preservation of biodiversity hotspots in rapidly urbanizing regions is an increasing global concern. In this context, the present study employs remote sensing techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies in the Serra do Japi Reserve, a rare Atlantic Forest remnant in São Paulo State, renowned for its ecological richness and high species endemism. Using multitemporal satellite imagery, the study assessed changes in vegetation cover between 2013 and 2023 to determine the impact of implemented policies, particularly following the area’s designation as a natural heritage site in 1983. The results revealed consistently high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within the Serra do Japi Preservation, Restoration, and Recovery Zone and the surrounding Jundiaí region over the ten-year period, indicating stable preserved vegetation cover. Histogram analysis of reclassified ΔNDVI values showed that 94.5% of pixels within the Serra do Japi Zone exhibited no significant change, while 77.5% of pixels in the urban area of Jundiaí remained stable, indicating greater vegetation variability in urbanized regions compared to the protected area. Additionally, only 2% of pixels within Serra do Japi indicated possible vegetation loss, a proportion notably lower than that observed in the municipality’s urban area. Localized vegetation loss was detected in the southern areas adjacent to the reserve, underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring and restoration efforts. The use of remote sensing proved to be a reliable and cost-effective tool for detecting subtle spatial and temporal changes in vegetation. Therefore, reinforcing conservation frameworks and ensuring the continuation of long-term monitoring programs are essential to prevent future degradation and maintain the ecological resilience of the Serra do Japi Reserve.

Spatial assessment of tourists' demand for cultural ecosystem services in the Kalajun World Natural Heritage Site, China

Assessing spatial differences of perceptions of cultural ecosystem services for coastal cultural landscape management: A case study from rural and urban areas in Quanzhou, China.

STEM education is increasingly becoming a dominant trend in the reform of higher education; however, the integration of cultural heritage values into STEM teaching (Heritage STEM) remains relatively new in Vietnam, particularly within non-public universities. This study aims to develop and propose a HeritageSTEM model suitable for the context of non-public higher education institutions, thereby contributing to sustainable education. The article analyzes the theoretical foundations, current implementation practices, and proposes a Heritage-STEM model tailored to non-public universities in Vietnam toward sustainable development. Findings indicate that the proposed model has strong potential as a strategic direction, enhancing training quality, enriching experiential learning opportunities, and contributing to the preservation and promotion of national cultural heritage in the digital era. As a new approach, the model helps diversify academic programs, strengthen the competitive advantage of institutions in building educational identity, and elevate the role of non-public universities within the progress of sustainable higher education development in Vietnam.

Abstract During World War II, German occupation obstructed foreign tourism to Amsterdam. The local tourist association VVV did not, however, cease its promotional activities. On the contrary; as a public–private association largely financed by the Amsterdam municipality and the local Chamber of Commerce, the VVV functioned as an institutional nexus between the German-controlled municipal authorities, local entrepreneurs in the city’s tourist industry, tourists and local citizens. This article argues that the VVV played a significant role in promoting the return to ‘normalcy’ and an acceptance of aspects of a new normal in the Dutch capital. In a wide variety of initiatives, it encouraged domestic tourists and local inhabitants – largely ignoring the gradual exclusion of Jews – to continue a public life of amusement, cultural enrichment and identification with local and national heritage.

The article examines the pedagogical views of one of the most prominent figures in Ukrainian physical education in the early 20th century, Taras Franko (1889–1971). It explores the key ideas and principles underlying his pedagogical work. It is revealed that Taras Franko’s monograph «History and Theory of Physical Exercise», published in 1923 in Kolomyia at the printing house of Adam Kisilevskyi and distributed by the «Sokil-Bat’ko» organization in Lviv, remains largely unexplored by contemporary researchers of Ukrainian pedagogy. Biographical information about the author of the scientific work is presented. The role of Ivan Boberskyi, the father of Ukrainian national physical education and founder of the «Sokil-Bat’ko» society, is outlined in the athletic and pedagogical career of Taras Shevchenko, not Taras Franko. According to a review by Nero-Khovyk, published in the Lviv newspaper «Dilo», the monograph «History and Theory of Physical Exercise» features a clear structure, comprising an introduction and sections on the history and theory of physical education. The introduction highlights the Ukrainians' limited understanding of the importance of physical education as a means to support their national struggle for statehood. It is established that physical education in the life of the Ukrainian people is a complex and multidimensional process that encompasses national, spiritual, physiological, and biological aspects. Modern scholars confirm the relevance of this holistic approach in shaping a healthy, harmonious, and patriotically conscious individual. It is summarized that health is possible only under the condition of the normal functioning of the human organs, as noted by Taras Franko. It is emphasized that the views expressed in his monograph align with the conceptual foundations of modern Ukrainian pedagogy and are consistent with the ideas of leading contemporary scholars and educators in the field of physical education. All of the above provide a solid basis for including Taras Franko among the founders of Ukrainian national pedagogy in the sphere of physical education and sports, alongside his brother Petro Franko. The article concludes that the contributions of both Taras and Petro Franko represent a significant part of Ukraine’s national intellectual heritage.

Between 2015 and 2021, Poland’s cultural landscape shifted due to a neo-traditionalist turn in state politics, reshaping heritage narratives and cultural policy. Populist discourse emphasised national and community values, redefining culture’s role in politics through institutional restructuring, policy changes and financial reforms. This article examines how populist politics influence cultural institutions and the construction of national and European heritage narratives. Based on structured interviews (2020-2021) with key cultural representatives and policy analysis, our findings reveal that neo-traditionalism operates on an ideational level, shaping cultural policy and heritage narratives. This shift reimagines national identity narratives and their relationship with Europe. Our findings reveal a complex interplay between state cultural policy and the evolution of heritage narratives.

The article is devoted to the problem of forming an effective institutional structure of public policy in the sphere of development of the music industry in Ukraine. It is established that the current state is characterized by the fragmentation of institutional interaction, a significant part of the industry related to popular and contemporary culture remains outside the attention of state bodies. The author’s vision of building a model within which state authorities, local governments, specialized agencies, trade unions, public organizations and private participants of the music market interact is presented. The activities of the Ministry of Culture and Strategic Communications of Ukraine, the State Agency for Arts and Art Education, local governments, parliamentary committees, as well as cultural institutions – philharmonics, theaters, music academies and conservatories – are analyzed. The key functions of these institutions in ensuring the development of the music sphere are determined, including strategic planning, financing, organization of the educational process, preservation of heritage, popularization of national music, international cooperation. The need to create a central executive body capable of coordinating the activities of all parties involved, ensuring communication with representatives of the music industry, forming state policy and implementing targeted programs was emphasized. The feasibility of establishing a single state body of collective management to regulate copyright issues, payment of royalties and maintaining a register of the use of musical works was emphasized. Attention was focused on the prospects for wider involvement of the private sector, in particular labels, production centers, recording studios and indie artists, which will contribute to strengthening the market and developing a competitive music product. As a result, it was proven that the creation of a holistic institutional structure with a coordinating body will ensure the consistency of public policy in the field of the music industry, will contribute to the preservation of the national musical heritage, increasing the level of cultural identity and integration of Ukraine into the world cultural space.

The purpose of the article is to show how a city can develop in symbiosis with its natural environment and protected area, which is in line with the idea of sustainable development. The study examines the role and importance of post-mining land reclamation in restoring the natural values of degraded areas. The authors present the theme of the symbiosis between architecture and unique nature—understood simultaneously as natural and cultural heritage—using the example of the Polish city of Kielce and its surroundings. This is an area rich in green spaces, including protected ones, within and around which urban space is developing and where both historical and contemporary architecture is situated. This study demonstrates that symbiosis, the protection of nature, and cultural heritage are key elements of contemporary design. The city and architecture can thrive in post-mining areas, and the reclamation process, as the research suggests, can catalyse the creation of architecture that is deeply embedded in the landscape, complementing it rather than competing with it. Social surveys conducted for this study indicate that residents of the region recognise and appreciate the need to protect natural resources and integrate architecture with nature, demonstrating the relevance and timeliness of the issues addressed.

Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China (Xinjiang) has established an industrial structure focused on the heavy industry by taking the advantage of having vast natural resource reserves located within the region. This has become a vital base to the country for the development of petroleum, natural gas, coal, chemicals, fuel processing, non-ferrous metals, and non-metallic mineral products. However, Xinjiang has been facing inevitable challenges of embarking on industrial reforms and developing its competitive advantages largely because of the weakened primary industrial factors and the reinforced green development requirements. As for Mongolia’s Western Region, which borders Xinjiang, it has the advantages of natural resources, historical and cultural heritage, but it is still in the early stage of industrial development, relying on agricultural and raw material exports, and facing challenges such as a shortage of infrastructure and labor resources. First part of this paper, by taking the theory of factors of production, briefly explains how to create a competitive advantage within the industry sector and develop strategic industries, while the second part refers the current conditions of the Xinjiang’s industrial development, the challenges encountered, and the ways being used to resolve such challenges. Finally, the paper outlines some issues for the industrial development of Mongolia’s Western Region.

Despite English being an official language of the state, the majority of Namibians speak one or two of the nation’s more than 25 indigenous dialects. However, like elsewhere in Africa local indigenous languages are often marginalised by the government. More so, Khoisan languages. Namibia and neighbouring botswana is the home to the majority of endangered Khoisan languages. These languages are marginalised in both countries. If not revitalised and/or preserved, Khoisan languages are likely going to die out within the next 50 to 100 years. Language plays a pivotal role in nation building and heritage preservation. Therefore, investing in language development and maintenance by African governments should be among the national priorities of these nations. Similarly, establishing museums specifically dedicated to showcasing the importance of language to humanity is an idea that needs to be supported by African governments in general and the Namibian government in particular. Language museums will not only serve to preserve all of Africa’s indigenous languages but also contribute to economic development and social cohesion. It is a known fact that well marketed museums the world over attracts thousands of tourists. Namibia, already popular with overseas tourists will greatly benefit from this endeavour.

The paper explores the reconstruction of the Ukrainian national identity in the context of the traumatic events of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The war traumatic experience is viewed as a source of suffering and existential challenges for Ukrainians and a catalyst for constructing their renewed collective “we”. This involves rethinking the history of the Ukrainian nation, its social, political, and cultural heritage. The paper also focuses on the development and the role of the Ukrainian language, the emergence and spread of various verbal and nonverbal initiatives and practices that contribute to overcoming the collective war trauma and revitalizing the image of Ukrainians as a nation in the world.

ABSTRACT ‘Byne’s disease’ is a type of degradation that occurs when acid vapors react directly with calcium carbonate in materials to form salt efflorescence composed of calcium acetate or formate. This process is accelerated in high relative humidity environments and poses a risk in the conservation of natural heritage specimens, like mollusc shells. This study analyzes ‘Byne’s disease’ in the bivalve collection at the Natural History Museum of Denmark to assess its occurrence and the parameters in the storage facility that catalyze the deterioration of the specimens. Initially, the Bivalvia collection was thoroughly investigated to determine the span of the deterioration issue. Subsequently, the study was supported by SEM to examine shell structures between different families with a respectively low and high presence of ‘Byne’s disease’. A-D Strips were used to measure acid concentration in the storage environments, and pH measurements were obtained to examine the acidity of the cotton used to store smaller bivalve specimens. FTIR was used for material identification. Climate data from the collection were assessed to evaluate relative humidity and temperatures in the storage facility. ‘Byne’s disease’ was registered in 30% of the collection with families characterized by thin periostracum showing a high presence. Climate data show that the relative humidity fluctuates between levels of 27–72% from June 2022 to June 2023, which exceeds many recommendations on the storage of mollusc collections. Storage material is not of archival quality and acidic concentrations were detected in all microclimates.

the World Heritage Convention is the most important instrument for the protection of unique human and natural creations. The article structures the World Heritage protection system and identifies functional subsystems of a normative and institutional nature. The most well-known means of implementing such protection is the inclusion of objects in the World Heritage List, which is decided by the World Heritage Committee. Despite the central role of this list, its legal nature and the international legal consequences of including heritage sites in it have not been studied in Russian jurisprudence. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal nature of the World Heritage List and the legal consequences of listing objects in it, both in accordance with the provisions of the international legal instruments and the established practice of their application. The research uses the methods of the formal legal analysis of the text of the Convention and the Guidelines for its implementation, on the basis of which a conclusion is drawn about the general formal equalization of the protection regime for the heritage included in the analyzed list and identified by states independently. The exceptions in which, according to the text of the Convention, there is a differentiation in the treatment of heritage inscribed and not inscribed on the World Heritage List concern only matters of international assistance. Results: the main formal and legal consequences of adding sites to the World Heritage List are related to the possibility of providing international assistance to states. The inevitability of using the means of soft international law in establishing prohibitions on mining activities and the construction of dams with large reservoirs within the boundaries of the World Natural Heritage sites included in the World Heritage List is stated. The important role of defining the boundaries of the World Heritage sites using international legal procedures and the formulation of an outstanding universal value for the protection of the World Natural Heritage is revealed. The practice of protecting World Heritage sites located in Russia and abroad is analyzed. Conclusions: at the current stage of the development of the international regulatory system, the consequences of including objects in the World Heritage List arise in the segment of soft international law, which determines the need for a responsible attitude of states to comply with environmental restrictions of this kind. The improvement of domestic regimes for the protection of World Heritage must take into account not only the provisions of the text of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage but also the established practice of its application.

Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Algerian Legislation

The article deals with the community building projects of the NGO Vanaajamaja (literally ‘old times house’). First, the organisation and its team are introduced along with the NGO’s construction works and the international role models that have influenced its activities. An overview of the community projects carried out since 2012 is given: the Järuska covered bridge on Rannapungerja River, the restoration of Saint Nicholas’ Orthodox Church in Puutli, the restoration of three post windmills in Vilsandi, the building of Saint Mary’s chapel in Abruka, and participation in the renovation of the Orthodox Church of John the Baptist in Miikse. The second part of the article is dedicated to the NGO’s most signifi cant community project, restoration work at the Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas in Lalsi, carried out between 2017 and 2021. An overview of the history of the church and the state of the building before the beginning of the restoration work is given. The different stages of the restoration of the church are presented along with technical descriptions of the processes, photographic material as well as documentation of the reinstatement of the iconostasis that followed the restoration of the building. Finally, the social and personal motives of participants in community construction projects like these along with possibilities for financing projects of this kind are described. The building community is motivated to participate in renovation activities by the possibility of exchanging know-how and establishing professional and cross-specialty ties. Estonia’s small size does not allow narrow specialisation but requires knowledge of and skills in related specialties. Construction activities are a good way to gain experience from a master of another specialty. If, for example, a mason has a reliable specialist in tin or woodwork as a partner, this is a great asset in its own right. International participants, who constitute about a third of the total number, introduce their own construction techniques and add cultural diversity to the collaboration. In the case of community projects, goodwill and professional interest are the motivators, although understandably such work also requires substantial financial resources. In our experience, eager initiative and purposeful contributions are also accompanied by the trust of donors. You can also do something about each project with quite little financial support or the help of local sponsors, although initiatives based on action helps us find bigger supporters. The projects described in the article have been supported by the State Forest Management Centre and several retailers of building materials, by construction companies with services and tools, and by private individuals who feel an emotional connection with the object to be restored. In the case of monuments, the National Heritage Board has been the main financial contributor. Throughout the years the children of project participants have also been involved in the restoration work. In the course of this experience they have acquired respect for and interest in old buildings. It has certainly been a journey in which we have all improved. Keywords: community building projects, building restoration

ABSTRACT Natural heritage is a term that is little used in the context of environmental law, but it is essential in understanding the connections between people, nature and landscape. Protecting the natural heritage of landscape, recognizing the spatial and temporal connections between people and place, will be crucial in addressing the nature crisis. Law can provide an important means of reflecting those values and this article sets out three ways in which the law in England and Wales should be reformed to this end. First, heritage law needs revising to include the protection of tangible natural heritage features in the landscape, alongside built cultural heritage. Secondly, planning law needs to clearly articulate the more intangible values of the natural heritage in landscape for land use. Thirdly, these values and features of natural heritage in the landscape need to be protected in rules and standards (legal or otherwise) that govern management practices in a rural context, ie, in the spheres of agriculture, forestry and inland waterways.