Sulfur Research Articles

Water holding-capacity and flavor improvement of prepared meat patties induced by magnetic field-assisted marinating and preheating

Magnetic field (MF)-assisted technology is considered a potentially effective approach to improve the edible quality of meat products. This study aims to investigate various parameters (0 mT–4.5 mT) of MF-assisted marinating and preheating processes on the water-holding capacity and flavor of prepared meat patties. Analyzing cooking loss, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, emulsion stability, and rheological properties confirmed that the water-holding capacity of meat patties rises initially and then falls with increasing MF strength during two processes (marinating and preheating processes). Furthermore, MF-assisted processing boosts sulfur compounds production in meat patties, resulting in higher concentrations of keto alcohols such as 2-heptanone, ethanol, and amyl alcohol, which contribute positively to the flavor and sensory properties. Overall, an appropriate MF intensity with 3.0 mT for 3 h at marinating and with 4.5 mT for 45 min at preheating could enhance the water-holding capacity and flavor of prepared meat patties, indicating promise for the meat industry.

ЗАХИСТ ВІД КОРОЗІЇ НАФТОПЕРЕРОБНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ІНГІБІТОРІВ З ВІДНОВЛЮВАЛЬНОЇ СИРОВИНИ.ОГЛЯД

The article provides information about corrosion problems in the oil refining industry and the scale of losses associated with it. The causes of corrosion associated with the presence of sulfur compounds, hydrochloric acid and chlorides, naphthenic acids, etc. in oil are described. A set of methods aimed at reducing the corrosion effect of these components is given. The use of inhibitors is one of the most effective and widespread such methods. The use of corrosion inhibitors from renewable raw materials is becoming more and more popular. The article provides an overview of literary sources related to the study of “green” corrosion inhibitors.

Efficient and promising oxidative desulfurization of fuel using Fenton like deep eutectic solvent

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has emerged as a prominent technique for the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels, aiming to comply with stringent environmental regulations and minimize sulfur dioxide emissions. Herein, Fenton-like deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized as a catalyst and reaction medium and their application for the ODS process was investigated. The study encompassed the optimization of DES composition, reaction conditions, and the influence of different parameters on the desulfurization efficiency. The experimental findings demonstrated that the Fenton-like DES exhibited outstanding catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization of fuel. The optimized conditions involved conducting the reaction at room temperature for 2.5 h, using 200 mg of the prepared DES (HNFM-FeCl4) as both the extraction solvent and catalyst. An oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio of approximately 3:1 was maintained, with a 30 wt% H2O2 solution utilized as the oxidant. The analysis of the reaction products using GC–MS revealed a remarkable yield of 98% for dibenzothiophene sulfone. The DES provided a suitable medium for the reaction, enhancing the solubility and availability of sulfur compounds. The iron catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds to their corresponding sulfones, which can be easily separated from the fuel phase. The DES catalysts exhibited stability and recyclability, making them suitable for practical applications in fuel desulfurization processes.

Frequency Channel Selection and Performance Simulation of a Microwave Radiometer for Temperature and Sulfuric Compound Profiling of the Venusian Lower Atmosphere

AbstractExploring the Venusian lower atmosphere is crucial for studying the atmospheric circulation, surface‐atmosphere interactions, and origin and evolution of the Venusian atmosphere and climate. In this study, we investigate the theoretical capabilities of a downward‐looking passive microwave sounder placed in low Venus orbit to measure the temperature, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4(g)) profiles. A nonlinear iterative retrieval algorithm combining a radiative transfer (RT) model and an optimal‐estimation‐based inversion algorithm is established. With the RT model adapted to the Venusian atmosphere, simulations under different atmospheric conditions are performed to optimize the selection of frequency channels. The achievable altitude coverage, vertical resolution and corresponding expected precision of the temperature, SO2 and H2SO4(g) retrievals from the multi‐channel brightness temperature measurements are quantified via retrieval simulations. The temperature can be retrieved from the surface of Venus to an altitude of ∼61 km with a precision of 1–3.5 K and a vertical resolution of 6–15 km. A precision of 10%–35% is expected for SO2 in the ∼12–64 km altitude range and with a vertical resolution of 8–19 km. H2SO4(g) can be retrieved in the ∼36–54 km altitude range with a precision of 10%–30% and a vertical resolution of 6–13 km.

Effectiveness of a Daily Honeycomb-Shaped Dental Chew in Reducing Calculus, Plaque, Gingivitis and Malodor in Dogs.

Periodontal disease in dogs is common. Client compliance with oral hygiene and oral care for pets is low. The gold standard is annual dental prophylaxis under general anesthesia with imaging followed by home care including daily brushing. Clients should be offered methods to reduce calculus, plaque, gingivitis, and resulting halitosis that are time efficient, cost-effective, and easy to administer between annual preventative dental prophylaxis with the goal to move into maintenance phase of managing periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a honeycomb-shaped dental chew in reducing hardened calculus, plaque, gingivitis, and malodor in client-owned dogs in their normal home environment including various breeds, skull types, ages, and weights. Calculus, plaque, and gingival scores with volatile sulfur compounds readings were performed under sedation and evaluated under general anesthesia after 60 consecutive days of receiving a daily honeycomb-shaped dental chew treat. There was an overall statistically significant percentage reduction of calculus (26.6%), plaque (14.2%), and malodor (46.71%). Gingival scores did not demonstrate statistically significant reduction (0.99%). Use of this honeycomb-shaped daily dental chew significantly reduced calculus, plaque, and associated malodor in dogs when fed consecutively for 60 days.

Analysis Method of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Utilizing Separation Column and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor

Analysis Method of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Utilizing Separation Column and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor

«Lace Miracle», lichens as an indicator of the ecological situation using the example of Turkey Creek, Florida

In this article, we took a walk-exploration of a piece of paradise called Turkey Creek in the center of Florida. Enjoying the spring period of the awakening of nature, accompanied by a multitude of birds and other unique sounds of the inhabitants of Turkey Creek, we paid special attention to the diversity of lichens, which, as bioindicators, react and reflect the state and quality of the environment. Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution and die when there is a high content of carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen and fluorine. The degree of sensitivity varies among species, so they can be used as living indicators of environmental cleanliness. Based on the composition of lichens, the concentration of various pollutants in the air can be quantified using developed scales and formulas. Lichens are a unique group of lower plants. Lichens combine two organisms with opposite properties: an alga (usually green), which creates organic matter through the process of photosynthesis, and a fungus that consumes this substance. Lichens are characterized by fairly high tolerance to climatic factors and sensitivity to environmental pollutants and are widely used as environmental indicators. Lichens contain many macro- and microelements, organic acids, hormones and enzymes. Vitamins are produced by lichens in very small quantities. Lichens produce specific substances that are not found in other organisms (lichen starch, lichen acids, etc.). Lichens have the ability to extract various elements from the environment and accumulate in their thallus. The number of currently known lichen substances exceeds 250, of which 75 are found only in lichens. Lichens are indicators of the environmental situation. Our goal is to find out whether recreational load affects the state of the environment in people’s recreation areas. We carried out our study of the state of the environment in the state of Florida in the Turkey Creek natural park. This territory was chosen because the natural complexes of the area are characterized by high environment-forming, environmental, and recreational significance. In the last decade, the anthropogenic load on ecosystems associated with the recreational use of the territory has been increasing. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the types of lichens that were seen in the study area.

Deep Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke via Alkali Catalytic Roasting Combined with Ultrasonic Oxidation.

The sulfur in petroleum coke is harmful to carbon products, underscoring the importance of desulfurization for high-sulfur petroleum coke. This paper proposes a method combining alkaline catalytic roasting with ultrasonic oxidation for the deep desulfurization of high-sulfur petroleum coke. The results show that the desulfurization rate reaches 88.99% and the sulfur content is reduced to 0.83 wt.% under a coke particle size of 96-75 μm, sodium-hydroxide-to-petroleum-coke ratio of 50%, roasting temperature of 700 °C, and holding time of 2 h. The alkali-calcined petroleum coke is ultrasonically oxidized and desulfurized in peracetic acid. The results show that, under a hydrogen peroxide content of 10%, hydrogen-peroxide-(liquid)-to-petroleum-coke (solid) ratio of 20 mL/g, acetic acid content of 5 mL, ultrasonic power of 300 W, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and reaction duration of 4 h, the sulfur content is reduced to 0.15 wt.% and the total desulfurization reaches 98.01%. Through a series of characterizations, the proposed desulfurization mechanism is verified. Alkali roasting effectively removes a significant portion of sulfur in petroleum coke. However, the elimination of certain sulfur compounds, such as the more complex thiophene, presents challenges. The thiophene content is subsequently removed via ultrasonic oxidation.

Catalysis-Based Fluorometric Method for Semiquantifying Trace Palladium in Sulfur-Containing Compounds and Ibuprofen.

Trace palladium in synthetic materials can be rapidly and inexpensively semiquantified by a catalysis-based fluorometric method that converts resorufin allyl ether to resorufin. However, whether sulfur compounds would interfere with this method has not been systematically studied. Herein, we show that although thiourea in solution interferes with quantification, sulfide, thiol, and thiocarbamate do not. The fluorometric method can also detect palladium bound to sulfur-based scavenger resin and outperform inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detecting trace palladium in ibuprofen.

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of 26 novel marine bacterial strains with relevant biogeochemical roles and widespread presence across the global ocean.

Prokaryotes dominate global oceans and shape biogeochemical cycles, yet most taxa remain uncultured and uncharacterized as of today. Here we present the characterization of 26 novel marine bacterial strains from a large isolate collection obtained from Blanes Bay (NW Mediterranean) microcosm experiments made in the four seasons. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, physiological, nutritional, genomic, and phylogenomic analyses were used to characterize and phylogenetically place the novel isolates. The strains represent 23 novel bacterial species and six novel genera: three novel species pertaining to class Alphaproteobacteria (families Rhodobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae), six novel species and three new genera from class Gammaproteobacteria (families Algiphilaceae, Salinispheraceae, and Alteromonadaceae), 13 novel species and three novel genera from class Bacteroidia (family Flavobacteriaceae), and one new species from class Rhodothermia (family Rubricoccaceae). The bacteria described here have potentially relevant roles in the cycles of carbon (e.g., carbon fixation or energy production via proteorhodopsin), nitrogen (e.g., denitrification or use of urea), sulfur (oxidation of sulfur compounds), phosphorus (acquisition and use of different forms of phosphorus and remodeling of membrane phospholipids), and hydrogen (oxidation of hydrogen to obtain energy). We mapped the genomes of the presented strains to the Tara Oceans metagenomes to reveal that these strains were globally distributed, with those of the family Flavobacteriaceae being the most widespread and abundant, while Rhodothermia being the rarest and most localized. While molecular-only approaches are also important, our study stresses the importance of culturing as a powerful tool to further understand the functioning of marine bacterial communities.

Adsorption of Small Sulfur Compounds (H2S and SO2) on SiO2 Supported Graphene–the Quest for a Metal-Free Catalyst–Experiment and Theory

Adsorption of Small Sulfur Compounds (H₂S and SO₂) on SiO₂ Supported Graphene–the Quest for a Metal-Free Catalyst–Experiment and Theory

Qualitative Analysis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Vacuum Gas Oils via Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Analysis of the heavy fractions in crude oil has been important in petroleum industries. It is well known that heavy fractions such as vacuum gas oils (VGOs) include heteroatoms, of which sulfur and nitrogen are often characterized in many cases. We conducted research regarding the molecular species analysis of VGOs. Further refine processes using VGOs are becoming important when considering carbon recycling. In this work, we attempted to classify compounds within VGOs provided by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. Two VGOs were priorly distillated from Kuwait Export crude and Lower Fars crude. Quantitative analysis was performed mainly using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). MALDI-TOF-MS has been developed for analyzing high-molecular-weight compounds such as polymer and biopolymers. As matrix selection is one of the most important aspects in MALDI-TOFMS, the careful selection of a matrix was firstly evaluated, followed by analysis using a Kendrick plot with nominal mass series (z*). The objective was to evaluate if this work could provide an effective classification of VGOs compounds. The Kendrick plot is a well-known method for processing mass data. The difference in the Kendrick mass defect (KMD) between CnH2n-14S and CnH2n-20O is only 0.0005 mass units, which makes it difficult in general to distinguish these compounds. However, since the z* value showed effective differences during the classification of these compounds, qualitative analysis could be possible. The analysis using nominal mass series showed the potential to be used as an effective method in analyzing heavy fractions.

The Influence of Cooking Methods and Muscle on Beef Aroma Profile and Consumer Satisfaction: Insights from Volatile Compound Analysis

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of two distinct cooking techniques, namely roasting and stewing, on the formation of volatile compounds in various beef muscles (Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris, and Rectus femoris) and how this relates to consumer acceptance. The research employs the concept of volatile “marker” compounds to discern the influence of cooking techniques on the flavor profile of beef. Eighteen “marker compounds” were selected to represent a number of the mechanisms of formation and quantified in beef subjected to two different cooking methods. While no statistically significant differences were observed in consumer evaluations between the two cooking methods, notable disparities emerged in the consumer assessments of specific muscle cuts. Notably, the Rectus femoris muscle received the highest ratings (p < 0.05) among other evaluated muscles. The utilization of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of volatile “marker compounds” in beef proved effective in highlighting significant differences in flavor compound classes between cooking methods, and these differed between muscles. The main effect was of the cooking method with stewed beef aroma having approximately 39× more dimethyl trisulphide, 9× more dimethyl disulphide, 7× more pentanal, 3× more hexanal, and twice as much benzaldehyde and 2-methylthiophene. Dimethyldisulphide, dimethyltrisulphide, hexanal, and heptanal, therefore, emerged as characteristic volatile compounds associated with the stewing cooking technique, suggesting their potential as markers for lipid and other oxidation reactions. This work indicates that certain lipid oxidation compounds, Strecker aldehydes, and sulfur compounds can be markers for the undesirable and/or desirable flavors of cooked beef, but that this depends on the cooking method chosen. It shows that flavor differences may be understood through the analysis of volatile flavor compounds in association with palatability and other chemical measurements.

Development of an electrochemical reactor with rotating anode for fast and ultra-deep catalytic desulfurization of diesel: experimental and modeling

A novel electrochemical reactor with a rotating anode attached to its end with four baskets as catalysts holders is proposed for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel. In this reactor two experimentally prepared catalysts of (5% manganese oxide (MnO2)/modified activated carbon (MAC) and 5% iron oxide (Fe2O3)/MAC) were used for an efficient desulfurization process. This design is characterized by conducting two functions at the same time, which are to agitate the reaction mixture and to move the catalyst over all areas of the reaction vessel. Several experiments were conducted at different operating conditions such as voltage, reaction time, and agitating speed. Results showed that the proposed basket reactor is excellent and highly effective in removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) in diesel. The removal efficiency of sulfur compounds is significantly improved by enhancing reaction times, stirring speed, and cell voltage up to 3 volts and drops at higher than 3 volts. At all operating conditions, the 5% Fe2O3/MAC catalyst showed higher performance than the 5% MnO2/MAC catalyst. This result can be attributed to the high reactivity of Fe2O3/MAC toward DBT removal and its magnetic activity which could enhance the oxidation reaction. Under the best operating conditions, the removal efficiencies reached 98.8%, and 93.1% for 5% Fe2O3/MAC and 5% MnO2/MAC, respectively. A model for the proposed reactor was also developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) software. The modeling data displayed an excellent agreement between the experimental and predicted data. This interactive model produced an accurately strong basis for the behavior of the new electrochemical desulfurization (ECDS) process.

Sulfide oxidation by members of the Sulfolobales.

The oxidation of sulfur compounds drives the acidification of geothermal waters. At high temperatures (>80°C) and in acidic conditions (pH <6.0), oxidation of sulfide has historically been considered an abiotic process that generates elemental sulfur (S0) that, in turn, is oxidized by thermoacidophiles of the model archaeal order Sulfolobales to generate sulfuric acid (i.e. sulfate and protons). Here, we describe five new aerobic and autotrophic strains of Sulfolobales comprising two species that were isolated from acidic hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and that can use sulfide as an electron donor. These strains significantly accelerated the rate and extent of sulfide oxidation to sulfate relative to abiotic controls, concomitant with production of cells. Yields of sulfide-grown cultures were ∼2-fold greater than those of S0-grown cultures, consistent with thermodynamic calculations indicating more available energy in the former condition than the latter. Homologs of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr) were identified in nearly all Sulfolobales genomes from YNP metagenomes as well as those from other reference Sulfolobales, suggesting a widespread ability to accelerate sulfide oxidation. These observations expand the role of Sulfolobales in the oxidative sulfur cycle, the geobiological feedbacks that drive the formation of acidic hot springs, and landscape evolution.

Discrimination and evaluation of commercial salmons by low-molecule-weight compounds: Oligopeptides and phosphatides

In this study, the overall sensory characteristics and low-molecule-weight compounds were analyzed to achieve the discrimination of different commercial salmons and investigate the salmon's sensory and nutritional quality. The results showed that above the overall sensory properties, O. mykiss, S. salar, and O. kisutch were the most satisfied salmons by the panel with the desirable texture and flavor, which displayed a large potential for growth in the consumption market. The alcohols and sulfur compounds were key volatile compounds contributing to typical aroma of O. masou and O. gorbuscha, response higher than others by 147% to 167%. The oligopeptides and phospholipids in salmon could be used as biomarkers for discrimination of these salmon. Oligopeptides were also closely related to the taste quality of salmon. Seventeen oligopeptides showed potential umami activity based on molecular docking results, especially Arg-Val and Ser-Asn, which were the key tastants contributing to the umami of salmon.

Characterization and optimization of ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization of a model fuel using a novel magnetic deep eutectic solvent

ABSTRACT In various studies, researchers have utilised different solvents to extract sulfur compounds from the fuels. This paper introduces a novel magnetic deep eutectic solvent employed in the ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurisation of dibenzothiophene within a model fuel. The solvent, synthesised at 85°C by combining choline chloride, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and FeCl₃, underwent characterisation through Fourier transform-infrared, Vibrating-sample magnetometer, and Raman spectrometry. Exploration of the key parameters, including oxidant to model fuel volumetric fraction percentage (0.2–0.3), Iron (III) chloride to choline chloride mole fraction (0.1–0.3), and Magnetic deep eutectic solvent to model fuel volumetric fraction (0.2–0.3), was conducted to assess their impact on dibenzothiophene conversion rates. Employing response surface methodology based on central composite experimental design, optimal operational parameters for the ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurisation process were identified, resulting in a sulfur removal rate of 98.7%. The findings highlight the solvent sustained efficiency even at higher dibenzothiophene concentrations. Additionally, the solvent paramagnetic properties facilitated an expedited separation from the fuel, leading to the significantly reduced process times.

The potential meat flavoring derived from Maillard reaction products of rice protein isolate hydrolysate-xylose via the regulation of temperature and cysteine

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from rice protein isolate hydrolysate and D-xylose, with or without L-cysteine, were developed as a potential meat flavoring. The combined impact of temperature (80–140 °C) and cysteine on fundamental physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and flavor of MRPs were investigated through assessments of pH, color, UV–visible spectra, fluorescence spectra, free amino acids, volatile compounds, E-nose, E-tongue, and sensory evaluation. Results suggested that increasing temperature would reduce pH, deepen color, promote volatile compounds formation, and reduce the overall umami and bitterness. Cysteine addition contributed to the color inhibition, enhancement of DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power, improvement in mouthfulness and continuity, reduction of bitterness, and the formation of sulfur compounds responsible for meaty flavor. Overall, MRPs prepared at 120 °C with cysteine addition could be utilized as a potential meat flavoring with the highest antioxidant activity and relatively high mouthfulness, continuity, umami, meaty aroma, and relatively low bitterness.

Unveiling Garlic's Arsenal: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal and Antibacterial Cream

Garlic (Allium sativum) has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly its antimicrobial effects. In this comprehensive review, we explore the therapeutic potential of garlic in the formulation of creams targeting fungal and bacterial infections. We discuss the rising prevalence of fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, and the challenges they pose in healthcare settings. Furthermore, we delve into the diverse biochemical composition of garlic, including sulfur compounds, enzymes, carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, flavonoids, and vitamins, which contribute to its antimicrobial activity. The synthesis of allicin, a key bioactive compound in garlic, and its mechanism of action against various pathogens are elucidated. Additionally, we examine the dermatological applications of topical garlic in treating fungal skin infections, wound healing, antioxidant protection, UVB shielding, and anti-aging benefits. Clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of garlic extracts in managing viral skin conditions is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the need for further research and clinical trials to fully explore garlic's therapeutic potential, safety profile, and optimal formulations, thereby enhancing patient outcomes in the management of infectious diseases.

Bifunctional pyridinium-based Brønsted acidic porous ionic liquid for deep oxidative desulfurization

Porous ionic liquids have been highlighted with special interest for their desirable catalytic activity and extraction properties. Herein, bifunctional porous ionic liquids (denoted UiO-66-BAPILs) were synthesized by dispersing UiO-66 into a pyridinium-based Brønsted acidic ionic liquid ([BSPy][CF3SO3]) for oxidative desulfurization. The permanent cavity of UiO-66 moiety in UiO-66-BAPILs was validated as well-preserved by the SO2 uptake experiments and molecular size simulations. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the sulfur removal could reach up to 99.5% with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Additionally, bifunctional UiO-66-BAPILs were deemed as both extractants and catalysts during the reaction. A possible mechanism has been proposed that UiO-66-BAPILs extract the aromatic sulfur compounds via π···π interactions and C-H···π interactions and meanwhile oxidize them with peroxysulfonic acids and •OH radicals. These findings will open up new avenues to facilitate the catalytic oxidation performance by constructing bifunctional Brønsted acidic porous ionic liquids.