Native Country Research Articles

ПАТРИОТИЗМ "СВОЙ2 И "ЧУЖОЙ": К ПОСТАНОВКЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Many think of patriotism as a natural and appropriate expression of attachment to a native country, an important component of our identity, the core of morality or the inevitable condition for socialization. While doing the research on patriotism it is only but natural to take into consideration all its positive connotations, but it won’t be good to ignore the opposite views according to which patriots are often blamed for “blind” non-alternative pursue to the duty and power and patriotism itself – for the separation from the universal values with their further substitution for nationalistic values. One more issue raised in the article deals with the discrepancy between the estimation of Russian youngsters’ level of patriotism by sociologists and officials on the one hand and that given by experts. One of the reasons for this is an attempt of many to simplify, and thus distort, the phenomenon of patriotism. To debunk the myth, the author attempts to analyze a number of different types of patriotism (alternative, non-alternative, constitutional) considering them from the point of view of Russian and foreign researchers as well as through the prism of official symbolic (coat of arms, flag, hymn) and various social installations expressed by Fatherland, Motherland and Homeland concepts.

From Divided to Diasporic: Re-envisioning Italian American Texts through Transformative Translingual Practices

From Divided to Diasporic: Re-envisioning Italian American Texts through Transformative Translingual Practices

Развитие музыкальной культуры обучающихся на основе восприятия отечественной музыки 2-й половины ХХ века

Background. New challenges of the time require the actualization of cultural codes that ensure the stability of Russian world. Special attention is to be paid to education of the younger generations as bearers of traditional Russian values. The appeal to national musical culture meets the priorities of the state policy, reflected in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2022 No. 809. Objective. The aim is to analyze the potential of Russian music of the 2nd half of the 20th century in introducing students to traditional Russian values and the peculiarities of its perception by modern schoolchildren. Results. The analysis of educational programmes and of the repertoire of music education in different types of educational organizations showed the need to introduce students to the national musical culture through perception of Russian music of the 2nd half of the 20th century. The educational potential of modern local musical works is revealed in the interiorization of traditional Russian values by students. Approaches to the design of programmes as well as to the selection of the repertoire for music education are developed. Conclusions. New challenges of the time create the need to update music education programmes in order to deepen students' acquaintance with the national musical culture. The perception of musical works should take place in both the historical and cultural and the modern context. Musical culture is a holistic phenomenon, a diverse hierarchical system of relations, including philosophical, aesthetic, and ethical foundations of the value attitude to musical art in various types of musical and creative activities. To make continuous musical education effective, it is necessary to appeal to modern musical culture. Immersion of students in the musical continuum of modern culture creates conditions in which not only the musical and creative development of students takes place more organically, but also the formation of the qualities of a true “man of culture”, spirituality, morality, and patriotism are developed. The basis of musical perception is the ability to hear and experience musical content as an artistic and figurative reflection of reality, which determines its powerful influence on personality. Music is designed to develop a sense of inner involvement in the spiritual culture of the native country.

Contextualizing migration and mental health in the post-COVID era

Background: The population of migrants all over the world is progressively rising. The major reasons for migration include the desire for self-actualization, moving to a place with more opportunities, tourism, and education, and escaping hardship and political unrest in the home country. In recent times climate change, insecurity, and economic hardship are top of the list. The global economy has suffered a major blow from the multiple waves of the lingering COVID-19 pandemic. To lessen the scourge of inflation and to restore economic stability, several countries are being forced to liberalize their immigration policies and therefore immigrants are welcomed in these nations. This review attempts to investigate how migration in the post-pandemic era affects migrants' mental health. Main Text: Migration and the COVID-19 epidemic both have beneficial and durable effects on the mental health of migrants and immigration laws have a direct impact on several health-related issues. Mental health disorders may develop at any point from the pre-migration phase to the post-migration settlement in the host nations. Factors such as host community, racism, marginalization, political climate, poor support, loss of social status, language barriers, undocumented status, climate change, mode of dressing in the host country, and several others may lead to mental health disorders among migrants. Unfortunately, there is limited access to care, and the services provided may not be culturally sensitive. Conclusion: Despite the benefits gotten from migration like financial benefits and economic development of the native country and the left behind family members, migration has enormous psychological complications which have to be attended to. Access to specialists who are trained to provide culturally sensitive interventions and implement outreach programs to introduce the services to the migrants’ community should be encouraged.

L. Zvonaryova, L. Kudryavtseva. Alexandre Alexeieff’s lost paradise

The monograph co-authored by L. Zvonaryova, a Doctor of History, philologist and cultural historian, and L. Kudryavtseva, an art historian, is devoted to the life and work of the emigre artist and inventor Alexandre Alexeieff, who, having left Russia after the 1917 revolution, went on to become a landmark phenomenon on the European art scene without breaking spiritual ties with his native country. The book combines a thorough examination of his artistic legacy with a detailed account of Alexeieff’s life. Zvonaryova and Kudryavtseva collected numerous reminiscences, took a careful look at littleresearched biographical facts, and amassed an impressive corpus of documents, many of which are published for the first time. Having their book illustrated with the artist’s works, the scholars invited the reader to form their opinion of his versatile talent. Featured as the illustrator’s main invention is the pinscreen — a technology that foreshadowed digital animation. Having researched their book for seven years, the biographers succeeded in creating a profound study highly praised by experts.

The Artistic Narrative in Times of War: NENKA project of Ukrainian Visual Artists

Art is deeply linked and contributes to the fundamental axes of culture, that is, norms and standards of behavior, national traditions, principles of life and value systems. During periods of social crisis, art is one of the most vulnerable components, but at the same time a powerful catalyst for creative processes, as well as an expressive vehicle for a critical view of the current situation. Particularly in times of war, artistic expression is presented with a powerful life-giving potential and allows to accurately express the enormous emotional tension of people, whose lives have been disrupted by death, pain, and destruction. This is the case of Ukrainian artists who, through visual exploration, build a complex narrative that seeks to interpret and express the pain and hope of what happened in their native country and which, since 2014, has been experiencing the ravages of war.

The Birth of a Myth The Early Spanish Reception of Charlotte Brontë and Jane Eyre (1850s-1901)

Eight years after the publication of Jane Eyre, on March 31, 1855, Charlotte Brontë died in Haworth, already an “idol” in her native country. Her best-known novel had catapulted her to fame. In spite of such prompt success in England and its early translations into other languages such as French, it would take 81 years to have the first renderings of Jane Eyre in Spain in book format. Nevertheless, other channels apart from translations contributed to feeding the myth, although it was modest and vague in its early years. This article examines the early reception of Charlotte Brontë in the Spanish press of the nineteenth century and analyses the first manifestations of the novel in, mainly, the Spanish literary system but also in America, which adopted quite varied “shapes” that reveal the ever-expanding quality of this classic book.

Lucjusz Anneusz Seneka – niewdzięczny syn ziemi hiszpańskiej

The author of this article discusses the question to what extent Lucius Annaeus Seneca – born in Hispania, and today exceptionally venerated in this country as a precursor of the “Spanish” mentality – felt he belonged to this land, and to what extent his feelings towards it were expressed in his writings. An analysis of his creative output leads to the conclusion that he felt little affection for the land of Hispania, since in his writings there are almost no references to it, and perhaps the only trace of his connection with his native country is his youthful epigram Ad Cordubam, in which, however, he shows more warmth towards himself than towards the city. The perceived lack of any more significant declarations of “Spanish” nationality, however, does not so much testify to his pettiness as to his stoic distance from the ethnic and political barriers that divide the community of mankind that constitutes a whole for him.

Moral Foundations for the Feelings of Shame and Pride Regarding the Native Country

The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country are important in the context of the problem of civic identity; therefore, they are of growing interest on the part of sociologists and psychologists. Given the moral nature of these emotions, their analysis based on one of the most authoritative approaches in the psychology of morality, moral foundations theory, seems relevant and justified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moral foundations for the feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country. The online survey involved 752 subjects (49.9% men) aged 16-73 (mean age M = 42, SD = 10.87). A new version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) was used to assess the moral foundations. The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country were assessed using a questionnaire tested in previous sociological and psychological studies. Data processing was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the regression analysis on the factors of shame and pride regarding the native country showed that the moral foundations play an important role in these feelings among the inhabitants of Russia. However, a specific set of predictors is determined by what exactly is the subject of pride or shame. In general, the moral foundations of loyalty and authority are of the greatest importance for pride, while liberty and equity are most important for shame regarding the native country. Using the latent profile analysis, we identified typical profiles of moral foundations associated with age. A small group (14% of the sample) of relatively young respondents with an individualistic profile of moral foundations demonstrated a significant predominance of shame over pride regarding their native country. The other two groups with a traditionalist and a moderate profiles of moral foundations were characterized by a balance (or approximate equality) of pride and shame regarding their native country. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the moral factors of patriotic education based on the formation of a feeling of pride in the country.

Some Thoughts on Afghanistan

I spent a life-changing year in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 1990s, a visit that formed my intellectual perspective and inspired my career trajectory. Thus, I have long been fascinated by other people – especially women – who have spent time amid other cultures, and then experienced mixed feelings on returning to their native countries. Lately I have been reading the work of two adventurous women journalists, a generation apart from each other: British Yvonne Ridley (born in County Durham in 1958) and Dutch Bette Dam (b. Leeuwarden, 1979)

Использование топонимов в оценочно-характеризующей функции в англоязычном и русскоязычном художественном дискурсе

The aim of the study is to identify the features of using toponyms in the implementation of the eva¬luative-characterizing function in the English-language and Russian-language fictional discourse. The scientific novelty of the work lies in conducting a comparative analysis of the toponyms functioning in fictional discourse on the basis of the Russian and English languages. Here for the first time, the general pragmatic goals of using toponyms in fictional discourse in the implementation of the evaluative-characterizing function have been identified: to convey a character’s psychological state, to express evocatively the attitude towards the subject or object of evaluation, to express an opinion in a playful or ironic form. As a result of the study, it has been found that in both the discourses, toponyms are most often used to express the socio-cultural aspect of evaluation, as well as to describe a character psychologically and characterize the physical para¬meters of the described subjects and objects. Some differences that represent the culturological opposition “own - alien” have been revealed when analysing the use of toponyms of a native country and a foreign one in the Russian-language and English-language discourse. In the Russian-language fictional discourse, such opposition has been observed not only in relation to other countries, but also within the country when comparing Moscow and the provinces.

Reverse migration and exports at extensive margin: case of a small dependent economy.

We analyse the implications of reverse migration on export quality upgrading by the origin country. Other than a favourable endowment shock by raising the native country's labour supply, reverse migration cause loss of remittances from unskilled emigrants and capital investments made by skilled emigrants. Resulting loss of national income and correspondingly domestic demand affect local factor prices and consequently the competitiveness of exports, when the economy produces non-traded goods. In a competitive general equilibrium model of a small open economy, we establish that reverse migration of unskilled workers will cause upgrading of quality of the skill-based export good only if higher qualities require more capital relative to skilled labour. Reverse migration of skilled workers has just the opposite effect. Lower contribution to capital investment thereby lower capital stock and lower repatriation of returns to such investment further magnify such effects. Finally, the results are robust to a more generalised demand structure.

Образы готической архитектуры в графике Огюста Родена

The graphic heritage of Auguste Rodin has been studied unevenly, his sketches and sketches of a nude model are devoted to an extensive body of research, while the architectural drawings of the sculptor are not fully covered in modern research literature. For O. Rodin, the Gothic temples of France became an occasion for discussions about the culture and history of the country, about man, harmony and the role of creative energy in the world, these are very individual experiences superimposed on the artistic understanding of the medieval style. The scattered remarks of the famous expert made up an anthology of the artist’s impressions and reflections on the medieval heritage of the native country. The 1914 edition included the author’s text and a series of graphic sketches reproduced with maximum accuracy corresponding to the technical capabilities of the beginning of the century. «French Cathedrals» can be considered as a variant of the artist’s book, where a bright expressive text, given in a conversational manner, is interspersed with light, lively, expressive sketch-like drawings that betray the atmosphere of Gothic churches, architectural details and a sense of the space of churches. O. Rodin’s creative method develops the techniques of the French Impressionists, the images of medieval architecture performed by the sculptor echo a series of views of the Rouen Cathedral by Claude Monet. Expressive sketches created by the intense graphic rhythm of the stroke and the plastic almost sculptural line convey the overall impression of the facade and interior of the temple. O. Rodin created an innovative and traditional image, individual in the understanding of medieval heritage and universal, reflecting the history and culture of France, extremely modern (including from the point of view of the type of publication), but at the same time correlating with the established principle, the work of the Impressionists and the national tradition of understanding French history.

Les enjeux du décentrement narratif dans « Mémoires de porc-épic » d’Alain Mabanckou

In his rich and varied work, Alain Mabanckou takes up themes widely explored by French-speaking authors, such as the difficult experience of immigration and the presentation of the native country embracing its cultural specificity. The writer’s fame, however, does not come solely from the fact that he offers novels which, through the perspective of direct experience and an unusual style, deal with major subjects of our time. Mabanckou works particularly on the novelistic form; he transforms and refreshes it in an ingenious way, drawing inspiration from both the oral African tradition, whose expressiveness and vigour he seeks to convey, and the Western literary culture, to which he regularly refers by allusions, quotations and borrowings of all kinds. Apart from creating a hybrid novel, in which opposing stylistics intertwine, the writer reorganizes the sphere of storytelling, proceeding with a kind of creative decentering which, paradoxically, places his work at the heart of current novelistic aesthetics. Replacing the impersonal and omniscient narrator who dominates Western fictions with homodiegetic narrators, literary counterparts of an African storyteller, he exploits and develops techniques of unreliable narration, widespread in contemporary novels. Memoirs of a Porcupine is a particularly interesting example in this regard: based on an African belief, it goes so far as to reproduce the impossible narrative situation and makes an animal tell the story. The present article explores this off-center, irrational and logically implausible storytelling that narratologists simply call “unnatural.” Relying on their theories and selected works concerning the literary animal, we will seek to identify the peculiarities of animal discourse and the textual meanings that it implicitly conveys.

Does language shape the mind? Linguistic fluency and perception of service quality

PurposeAs services are inherently inseparable from service providers, linguistic effects are likely to occur during service encounters between service marketers and consumers. However, this study’s current understanding is still limited regarding how or why a language shapes consumers’ perceptions of service quality. To fill this gap, this paper aims to provide foundational evidence by examining how linguistic fluency affects consumers’ perceptions of service quality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents two multimethod studies. Study 1 compared online review ratings from 61,194 consumers living in native and nonnative English-speaking countries. Study 2 further clarified the mediating role of negative emotions between linguistic disfluency and perceptions of service quality by analyzing questionnaires from 399 nonnative English speakers.FindingsThe results of the two multimethod studies show that linguistic processing can misrepresent the true quality of services due to linguistic disfluency by nonnative English speakers. This paper’s findings integrate the literature on linguistic fluency, emotional psychology and service marketing to yield insights that might be challenging to gain by relying on only one of those disciplines independently.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper provides the first empirical evidence on systematic differences between native and nonnative English speakers’ decision-making styles related to their perceptions of quality. Also, methodologically, this study provides corroborating empirical evidence from two multimethod studies. Moreover, this paper expands our current knowledge through an integrated examination of relevant literature in the fields of linguistic fluency, emotional psychology and service marketing to provide more comprehensive insights.

Salman Rashid’s A Time of MadnessA Memoir of Partition: A Testament of Personal Odyssey

Salman Rashid is Pakistan's most prominent travel writer. He has written nine travel novels. His debut memoir is titled A Time of Ma dness. The pa rtition of India in 1947 into two sepa ra te na tions, Pa kista n a nd India , wa s considered a ma noeuvre by the Colonia l British to use Divide a nd Rule ta ctics. The end consequence wa s dea dly ma yhem. People lost their identity while a ttempting to esta blish themselves in a new na tion a nd their na tive country. In the ensuing ma ss migra tion, they were sca rred a nd exiled. Millions of innocent individua ls were trea ted inhuma nely. The turmoil a nd disorder of life da nced on them. This book depicts the a uthor's persona l a dventure aga inst this ba ckground. To the rea ders, his own experiences a re a sta rk rea lity. "Consequently, when the memory of Pa rtition is irrevoca bly oblitera ted with the rise of my genera tion, we sha ll be left with no hope," he finishes the Memoir. The grea test tragedy will not be the loss of lives a nd property during the 1947 turmoil. Those efforts would ha ve been in va in since they never inspired us."

STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF UKRAINIAN FOSTER FAMILIES DISPLACED TO THE SWISS CONFEDERATION DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE

A terrible war is raging in Ukraine as a result of Russian aggression against the Ukrainian independent state. Millions of people are under threat. Families and children are displaced within and outside the country. The situation of displacement is extremely difficult even under favorable conditions, and during martial law its peculiarities are complicated by hostilities, which leads to excessive psychological trauma of displaced persons. Friendly European countries show solidarity and accept refugees. Switzerland, within its administrative decisions and at the request of the civilian population, also creates safe conditions for the stay of Ukrainian citizens on its territory during the hostilities on Ukrainian soil. A special category of Ukrainian citizens who have an urgent need for safe conditions are Ukrainian foster families, as they are extremely vulnerable in war conditions due to the likelihood of losing their families again. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the life of Ukrainian foster families displaced to the Swiss Confederation during the war in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: at the first stage, we carried out a theoretical analysis, in particular, an analysis of the regulatory and administrative provisions of the Swiss Confederation regarding persons in need of protection during hostilities and in their native country and semantic analysis of concepts to identify the standards of support for Ukrainian foster families. The article proves that the full-fledged life of Ukrainian foster families in the territory of the Swiss Confederation is based on international and territorial legislative norms and is ensured through the following components: favorable living conditions, an adequate level of material support, sufficient educational level, medical, social and psychological support.

Spatial-temporal nexus of economic complexity interaction with human capital and political stability on environmental quality and their possible causes of change for BRI countries

Environmental degradation ( ED ) and the factors that influence it are being addressed on several levels, including individual, domestic, and geographical. Our research collaborates in two ways. First, it investigates the effect of economic complexity ( EC ) interaction with human capital ( HC ) and political stability on the environmental quality of 55 Belt and Road Initiative ( BRI ) countries. Second, spatial impacts are considered when calculating variables influencing environmental quality at the geographical level. The relevance of geographical effects is determined using different diagnostic procedures, and direct and spillover effects are evaluated using the Spatial Durbin Model to examine the phenomena. Political stability reduces ED and improves ecological sustainability by regulating EC and ED . Surprisingly, the spatial interaction term of HC and EC indicates that EC improves environmental quality through the HC channel in the native country and its neighbors. From these findings, policymakers might gain new insights and enhance environmental quality in BRI countries.

КЕҢЕС ОДАҒЫНЫҢ БҰҰ –ДАҒЫ ӘСКЕРИ ТҰТҚЫНДАРДЫ РЕПАТРИАЦИЯЛАУ МӘСЕЛЕСІНЕ ҚАТЫСТЫ САЯСАТЫ

The article studies the activities of Soviet diplomats in relation to the repatriation of prisoners of war. During World War II, the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition agreed to establish an international organization that would be responsible for international security. In the post-war period, the UN raised the issue of repatriation of refugees and prisoners of war to their native countries. However, at that time, the legal aspects and mechanisms for the return of prisoners of war were not fully developed. During the discussion of the provisions of the refugee charter in the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly, the Soviet Union introduced an amendment to return all prisoners of war to their countries of origin. While Western countries proposed to separate political dissidents and those who do not want to repatriate in the recipient countries. At that time, the USSR had few supporters in the UN, so almost all of its initiatives on the issue of prisoners of war and refugees did not receive support. Therefore, the USSR voted against the Charter of the International Refugee Organization and refused to temporarily participate in the work of the Third Committee.

First insights into the phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Kuwait and evaluation of REBA MTB-MDR assay for rapid detection of MDR-TB

Early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in clinical specimens, its susceptibility to anti-TB drugs and disruption of infection transmission to new hosts are essential components for global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. This study investigated major Mtb genotypes circulating in Kuwait and evaluated the performance of REBA MTB-MDR (REBA) test in comparison to GenoType MTBDRplus (gMTBDR+) assay for rapid detection of resistance of Mtb to isoniazid and rifampicin (MDR-TB). M. tuberculosis isolates (n = 256) originating predominantly from expatriate patients during a 6-month period were tested by spoligotyping and a dendrogram was created by UPGMA using MIRU-VNTRplus software. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by MGIT 960 system. Genotypic DST for isoniazid and rifampicin was done by REBA and gMTBDR+ assays. Spoligotyping assigned 188 (73.4%) isolates to specific spoligotype international type (SIT) while 68 isolates exhibited orphan patterns. All major M. tuberculosis lineages were detected and EAI, CAS and Beijing families were predominant. Phylogenetic tree showed 131 patterns with 105 isolates exhibiting a unique pattern while 151 isolates clustered in 26 patterns. Fifteen isolates were resistant to one/more drugs. REBA and gMTBDR+ detected isoniazid resistance in 11/12 and 10/12 and rifampicin resistance in 4/5 and 4/5 resistant isolates, respectively. The diversity of SIT patterns are highly suggestive of infection of most expatriate patients with unique Mtb strains, likely acquired in their native countries before their arrival in Kuwait. Both, REBA and gMTBDR+ assays performed similarly for detection of resistance of Mtb to isoniazid and rifampicin for rapid detection of MDR-TB.