National Economists Research Articles

"SOLIQ NAZORATI TADBIRLARINI AMALGA OSHIRISH ORQALI SOLIQ INTIZOMINI TAʼMINLASHNING NAZARIY-HUQUQIY MEXANIZMLARI "

"Abstract. This scientific article analyzes the legal mechanisms for ensuring tax discipline through the application of tax control measures. Modern directions and new ideas about the legal mechanism for ensuring tax discipline are proposed through the implementation of tax control measures. In this research work, the method of comparative legal analysis has been applied. Meanwhile, observation, generalization, induction, and deduction methods have also been applied. The author makes his own analytical considerations about the legal mechanisms for ensuring tax discipline through the implementation of tax control measures based on the study of foreign experience as well as the opinions of various foreign and national economists and law scholars. As a result of the study, some problems ensuring tax discipline through the implementation of tax control measures were discovered, in particular non-compliance with existing regulations, and the reasons for their non-compliance were identified. The author analyzed the gaps in the legislation on ensuring tax discipline through the application of tax control measures, the reasons for the rapid changes in by-laws, as well as their impact on taxpayers. Meanwhile, it has been established that there are shortcomings in the application of legislation on tax control, to eliminate which it is necessary to make some amendments to the regulations. The article presents proposals and recommendations based on an analysis of existing problems in this area. "

Charged and free services in the libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the theory of patronized goods

The purpose of the article is to analyze the ratio of charged and free services provided by central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (i. e. republican, territorial and regional libraries). The problem of library charged user services is examined through the optics of professional library community and the government. The authors attempt to expand theoretical foundations of library services with the new ideas of national economists focusing on the humanitarian sector and, in particular, those developing the theory of patronized goods. The theoretical analysis is complemented with the large-scale empirical study of services presented at the official websites of 77 central libraries in the RF constituent entities. The findings demonstrate that the charged services dominate while the share of free services has drastically decreased. The charged services in these libraries exceed the free ones by a factor 8.4. The authors conclude that massive and mechanistic implementation of charged services is a dangerous challenge for the libraries as it exposes them to a risk of abandoning the principle of common availability of libraries and, in long run, of users exodus.

Russian America and its Problems in Contemporary National Works of Economists

The article critically examines the publications of modern Russian economists on the history of the former Russian colonies in the New World, sold in 1867 to the United States and subsequently forming the territory of the state of Alaska. Paradoxically, economists tend to mainly examine historical problems of Russian America, while some historians research economy, although everything should be just the opposite. The monitoring of scholarship conducted by the author reveals about a dozen works of professional economists — Candidates and Doctors of Sciences — who devoted their works (in whole or in part) to certain problems of Russian America: the earliest work is dated by 2011, and the most recent articles — by 2021. The depressingly low academic level of the vast majority of the analyzed works should be pointed out with regret. The fact is that Russian economists, for some unclear reason, almost completely ignore a wide range of published documentary sources, not to mention archival materials. The latter, if they are used, are not directly related to the history of Russian colonies in the New World. In the same way, national economists stubbornly avoid getting acquainted with the current Russian historiography about the past of Russian America and do not use more or less modern foreign scientific literature about it at all. Instead of academic works, economists often turn to non-scientific publications (including writings on alternative history) and Internet sites with highly questionable content. The natural result is a large number of errors, inaccuracies and incorrect conclusions, which are sometimes supplemented by negligently prepared bibliography and lack of elementary publication culture: almost all national economists economize on references/footnotes in their works: it is often completely impossible to understand where this or that information comes from. Thus, there is an imitation of scholarly activity and all sorts of dilettantism instead of real useful research on the history and economy of Russian America.

Captivating investments to special economic regions for development

The essence of special economic zones is revealed in the article. In this regard, the scientific research works of foreign and national economists were introduced.The improvement of the legal basis for the establishment of free economic zones in Uzbekistan, the state of establishment and development of free economic zones, and the macroeconomic trends of attracting investments to the economy have been studied.

Государственное-частное партнерство и его содержание

This article discusses that public-private partnerships (PPPs) are an effective mechanism that will be used in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the future, which will be successfully used in developed countries and plays an important role in the further development of the business environment, small business and private entrepreneurship. There are also various definitions of PPP and its essence, interpreted by scientists, specialists and international financial institutions of foreign, CIS countries and national economists.

Specificity and elements of the mechanism of budget monitoring in the current conditions of the Russian Federation

The current situation of the Russian financial system is far from being stable, and is constantly exposed to risks, many of which pose a threat to its security. Overcoming these circumstances is impossible without reforming the mechanism of budget monitoring and treasury support in the country as the innovative instruments, the implementation which in the Russia Federation is at the nascent stage. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of the concept of “budget monitoring”, and determination of its elements in the current conditions. The subject of this research is the financial relations emerging in the course of establishment of budget monitoring in Russia. For achieving the set goal, the author employs the general scientific methods of dialectical, comparative-systemic, and structural-layered analysis. The information framework is comprised of the normative legal financial documents of the Russian Federation and periodical publications of the national economists. The author reveals the ambiguity of approaches towards discerning the content of budget monitoring in the Russian science and practice. The author carries out the original systematization of the elements of budget monitoring (target component, subject-object composition, stages, methods, etc.). The article determines the role of treasury support, as well as outlines the key vectors of its modernization with consideration of the recent legislative innovations along with the gaps and difficulties occurring in practice. The acquired results are valuable for the financial authorities, as well as for researchers, pedagogues, master’s students, and postgraduates majoring in the budgeting process.

Renda básica universal em tempos de pandemia: subsídios para o debate

Este artigo contempla a discussão da Renda Básica Universal (RBU) enfocando vários aspectos que servem para subsidiar o debate sobre seu significado, e sua adoção como politica de transferência de renda. Ela acompanha a evolução da humanidade desde a Idade Média. Sua discussão nunca foi abandonada, tendo recrudescido em 2020, no campo econômico, como uma Caixa de Pandora para todos os males devido aos impactos da pandemia trazida pela Covid 19. Aborda-se a RBU ao longo da história, apresenta-se sua definição e suas principais características, discutindo os argumentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis de sua adoção. Traz uma retrospectiva da sua implantação no cenário internacional, bem como traz a opinião de um conjunto de renomados economistas internacionais, assim como das principais instituições multilaterais engajadas no tema (Banco Mundial, FMI, OCDE e OIT). Por fim contempla-se sua discussão no caso brasileiro, trazendo a opinião dos economistas nacionais, dos políticos e do Governo Federal.

Economía política clásica y pauperismo: Debates maltusianos en Chile en el siglo XIX

Building on the notion that economic ideas matter when they generate critiques, we study nineteenth-century public debates on pauperism in Chile focusing on the role played by contemporary national economists. When analyzing the economic debates on the cuestion social in the country, we consider the country’s reception of Malthusianism. Our analysis is based on the legacy of French economic liberalism. We focus on the work of the Chilean successors of Jean Gustave Courcelle-Seneuil: Zorobabel Rodriguez, Manuel Miquel, Miguel Cruchaga, and Marcial Gonzalez. We find that the opposition economists faced in Chile was related to their diagnoses of this problem, as well as to their laissez fairepolicy proposals.

Understanding Marx's Concept of Justice

Did Marx's critique of capitalism involve a concept of distributive justice? This question arose in a dispute that started in the 1970s, based on the argument by U. S. analytical Marxist Allen Wood. The dispute lasted for decades, and spread to China. But if we follow Marx's thinking, we see that this controversy already appeared then, in Marx's critique of capitalism. Marx's theory formed in response to the viewpoints of the Young Hegelians, the National Economists, and others. Some key points of the dispute can be clarified by tracking Marx's critical thought, from the standpoint of both its historical and its normative dimensions, juridical judgment and value judgment, the theoretical dimension and the dimension of reality. The research draws in particular on the text of the new MEGA.

Remote sensing-based framework to predict and assess the interannual variability of maize yields in Pakistan using Landsat imagery

Predicting crop yields and their spatio-temporal variability under a changing climate is a challenging but essential undertaking for crop management and policymaking purposes. The availability of information on risks associated with effects of climatic variability on agricultural activity outcomes is critical for stakeholders ranging from individual landowners to national economists alike. This research was conducted as a pilot study to (1) develop satellite remote sensing based estimates of maize acreage in a typical Maize growing region in Pakistan, (2) to develop a statistical-empirical model for prediction of maize yields, and finally, (3) to assess the influence of temperature on inter-annual variability in maize yields across a decade. A total of eight machine learning algorithms were tested for identifying maize growing operations in the Faisalabad district of Pakistan using Landsat 8 imagery. Classification models were evaluated via 200 randomly selected ground-verified points across the study region. Results of the maize mapping exercise were used to estimate interannual maize yields using Landsat-derived multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) data as predictors. Predictors for the yield forecasting model were selected via principal component screening and were fed into a least absolute shrinkage and selection (LASSO) regression model. The yield model thus developed was applied to 10 years of past data (2006-2017) and validated against data recorded by government sources. Finally, predictions spanning the ten years were tested for effects of temperature variability to find evidence of influence of ambient temperature on maize yields. Results indicate that support vector machine classifiers work the best in this landscape (accuracies >90%) and reveal that maize cropping area may be underestimated in government sources by as much as 14%. The LASSO regression models also showed very good fits (validation R2 = 0.95) and were fairly accurate in tracking interannual variations in maize yields (R2 = 0.78.) Results also indicate that the maximum temperature has significant negative influence (R2 = 0.76, P < 0.0001) on maize yields in Faisalabad district. Methods presented in this study should be of use to policymakers for better formulating export-import policies and decisions governing food security issues in the larger region.

Quantitative analysis of the “Journal of Finance, Industry and Trade” for 1913: authors and discussed topics

This article conducts historiographical and quantitative analysis of the prime economic media in the Russian Empire of the late XIX &amp;ndash; early XX centuries &amp;ndash; &amp;ldquo;Journal of Finance, Industry and Trade&amp;rdquo;. The journal was issued from 1885 to 1917 being the official publication of the Ministry of Finance. The materials published in the journal contain reference and analytical information. High quality of the analytical articles was ensured by competent authors &amp;ndash; prominent national economists of that time. The goal consists in studying the dynamics of reflection of complex economic processes that unfolded in the prewar 1913 in the journal. Characteristic is given to the composition of the team of authors in 1913. Quantitative analysis of the content of all 52 issues is conducted for the first time in accordance with the dynamics of quarterly distribution of the topics of analytical publications. The author suggests possible interpretations of changes in thematic specialty of the journal throughout the year, and formulates a hypothesis on correlation between these changes and the dynamics of industrial stock index developed by L. Borodkin and G. Perelman by analogy with the famous Dow Jones Industrial Average. Decline in journal&amp;rsquo;s interest to the industrial problems is noticed until the fourth quarter of 1913; then the favorable conjuncture on the oil market explains the frequency of occurrence of the category of &amp;ldquo;industry&amp;rdquo; due to the articles dedicated to oil industry.

Faktor–Faktor yang Memengaruhi Optimalisasi Penangkapan Ikan dengan Metode Transformasi Box Cox pada Regresi Linier Berganda

In general, the ratio of the ocean and land area on this earth is 70 to 30. Many potentials of water can be used to promote human well-being. Even today, many developed countries from all over the world are competing to advance their maritime activities and their auspices for the country's interests so that the role of the sea becomes dominant for developing of the countries. One of the most common marine activities people do is sea fishing. the marine and fisheries sector has enormous potential to become a national economist. In Indonesia, many people depend on the fisheries sector. So, in this research that will be discussed is to determine the model of the number of marine fish production in East Java Province with Box-Cox Transformation method on Multiple Linear Regression to get significant control variable on the amount of sea fish production in East Java Province. The result of regression using Box-Cox transform shows that some variables such as the number of fishermen, fishing equipment, and boat or fishing boat motor have a significant influence on R2 89.3%. With this model, it is hoped to be one strategy to increase the number of fishing through the selection of appropriate control variables.

Evaluation of the Middle Part of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Abstract This article describes a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of the middle part of nuclear fuel cycles. Evaluation of fuel cycles is basically divided into two parts. The first comprises nuclear calculation, i.e., creation of the strategy for nuclear fuel reloading and core design calculations. The second part is the business–economic evaluation of the selected reloading strategy, which can be done either by financial analysis or economic analysis. The financial analysis incorporates the perspectives of a company while the economic analysis can be used primarily by national economists or politicians. This methodology was applied to a case study that is focused on impacts of switching from a 12-month to an 18-month fuel cycle strategy for Water-Water Energetic Reactor (VVER)-1000 reactors.

Effect of Nigeria Macroeconomic Environment on the Performance of the National Economy: Implications

The rebirth of democratic dispensation in Nigeria was threatened with multi facet challenges of high external indebtedness, rising rate of inflation from single to double digit, unabating high rate of unemployment, slow paced but fluctuating GDP growth rate, foreign reserve inadequacy, and the terrain of the country’s power generation/distribution misfortune, which all had been the evident lengthened involvement of the military in the Nigeria political history. Adopting data extracts from the CBN annual reports, SEC statistical bulletins and the NBS, the relevant macroeconomic variables selected for this study were subjected to the OLS regression analysis towards ascertaining the extent of relationship existing between the macroeconomic indicators selected and the nation’s growth level. Result obtained in this study showed that although a unique relationship exist between the country’s national currency exchange rate to a US dollar, inflation rates, monetary policies, and the extent or level of GDP growth the country has attained, the sustenance and continued maintenance of an upward growth remain a source of worry to Nigerians and national economists, considering the country’s unsolved problems of energy generation and distribution which in turn has undermined the performance of the industrial and employment sectors.

Мотивация труда персонала фирмы как непрерывный циклический процесс: анализ теорий и их практическое применение

The category of labor motivation is analyzed along with its features. It is also&#x0D; considered, how this category relates to such economic terms, as “incentives”,&#x0D; “motive”, “needs”, “interest”. The author’s interpretation of how to motivate&#x0D; personnel together with detailed stage by stage description of the process&#x0D; are given. Further, the arguments, proving that the labor motivation should&#x0D; be classified as the ongoing cyclic process of labor activities are presented.&#x0D; Considerable attention is given to theories of labor motivation, developed&#x0D; both by national and foreign economists, and how these theories can be&#x0D; applied in practice within this country’s realities. Conclusions made by the&#x0D; author can be useful in practical work of present-day companies’ managers.

The Advantages and Backdraws of the Flat-rate Personal Income Tax

It is not an easy task for governments fi ghting with economic and socio-political issues to establish a suitable tax system. International and national economists argue for and against the introduction of the fl at- rate personal income tax. As the practi- cal implementation of the fl at-rate tax system and the experience related to it are not uniform, it is rather diffi cult to generalise. My aim is to analyse what underpins most often heard pros and cons by describing the practice in some of the neighbouring countries. After that I give an overview of the relationships that further the application of the fl at-rate personal income tax in Hungary. I also take some factors into consideration on the basis of which certain amendments to laws are diffi cult to justify. I will describe the process of how the na- tional linear (fl at-rate) personal income tax system was established, as well as, how tax revenues may be aff ected by amendments to laws.

The European Policy Model Revision and the Challenge of Democracy

The theoretical underpinnings of the European Policy model are 1) the deterministic nature of the economic system; 2) the ability of financial markets to anticipate the future trend of the economy. The crisis denied the goodness of these two assumptions and revealed that the policy structure is unable to counter the crisis. PIIGS countries do not have short run tools to fill the gap with virtuous countries and national priorities appear to be overcome by European claims for budgetary discipline. The existence of a two speeds Europe seriously threaten the future existence of the currency union. In search for solutions national economists and politicians should consider a “new trilemma”: the impossibility to have at the same time globalization, democracy and autonomous policy management. The challenge Europe as a whole faces is to build up a political project capable of managing globalization through policy action and at the same time preserve democracy.

Links between fishery and the work of Johann Heinrich von Thünen, eponym of the newly founded Federal Research Institute

The Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries is one of four newly established large scale federal research institutions. It comprises the former Federal Research Centre for Fisheries, the Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products and large parts of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre. The institute is named after Johann Heinrich von Thünen, a famous national economist and social reformer of the 19th century. Von Thünen developed the first serious treatment of spatial economics (the so-called Thünen rings) and the basics of the theory of the natural wage. Moreover, he created marginalism and managerial economics by recording and analysing the accounts of his estate, as well as elaborating one of the first models of general equilibrium. This article aims at introducing Johann Heinrich von Thünen’s life and work with a closer look at its relevance for current fisheries research.

University incubators as agents for technology transfer and economic growth: case studies in USA, Finland and Ukraine

This paper discusses the contributions of university incubators to: technology intelligence, transfer and commercialisation; regional economic development. We utilise the case method and describe the history and contributions of university-based incubators started by the authors in the USA (1982), Ukraine (1992) and Finland (1996). We also discuss the role of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Office of Technology Commercialisation for assisting the incubator companies to evaluate and commercialise new technologies. We conclude with the 'lessons learned' and guidelines that may be useful to national economists, university administrators, and regional agencies that are managing new business incubators as agents for economic growth.

Der Frühsozialist Thomas Hodgskin und die Anfänge der Germanistik in Großbritannien

Thomas Hodgskin (1787–1869) wurde bisher nur als radikal-liberaler Nationalökonom rezipiert, er ist jedoch auch ein bedeutender Bildungsreformer und Wegbereiter der Germanistik in Großbritannien. Seine Reiseberichte über Norddeutschland enthalten Beobachtungen zum literarischen Alltagsleben verschiedener Schichten; er erteilte Sprachunterricht und publizierte über deutsche Literatur; in seiner Korrespondenz mit Francis Place, James Mill und Jeremy Bentham lieferte er Vorschläge zu einem modernen Bildungsideal, das die Gründung des University College London mitprägte, aus dem auch der erste germanistische Lehrstuhl in Großbritannien hervorging. Aus der Außenperspektive eines in ökonomischer Theorie und Praxis überlegenen Landes entwickelte Hodgskin Ansätze zu einer sozialgeschichtlichen Analyse der Literatur und Bildung in Deutschland zu einer Zeit, als dort die Hochschulgermanistik sich erst zu konstituieren begann.