National Target Program Research Articles

Reviews of Sustainable Rural Development in the Scope of Building New Rural Areas in Vietnam

In Vietnam, rural area is a region for living and working of a rural resident community, including mainly farmers. It is a region of agricultural production (by the general meaning). Besides, there are manufacturing activities and service, but priority is given to agriculture and rural community. Meanwhile, the rural density is lower than urban density. Vietnam introduced its development programme “Building new rural areas”, which program aims at finding a concept of sustainable development in rural areas in order to emerge the role of sustainable development toward the National direction for local strategies and to ensure sustainable rural development. This paper is a work at the scope of reviews and literature available worldwide in development policies and programmes on sustainable rural development. It compares the dimensions of these policies and programmes on the basis of definitions, methodology and practical framework applied in order to identify a promotion for building new rural areas in disciplines, and especially supply a background for data analyses of the Vietnamese case in the National Target Programme “Building new rural areas during the period 2011-2015”.

Models, Plan and Control of Digitalizing Processes in the National Economy

Solid state expenses directed to national projects and state target programs demand adequate instruments of planning, accounting and controlling budget resources. Their aim is to increase guarantees of reaching the expected results. Unfortunately, national statistical authorities had refused from total statistical accounting of economic activities, and because of that, they aren’t able to find the correct decisions of the formulated tasks. It is necessary to make some additional efforts in this problem field, which may – on the one side – lead every project or program to visible application, and on the other hand they should provide productivity of using the state resources. Using the example of target program named «Digital economy in Russian Federation» we offer the original methodological approach to solving this problem. It is based on well-known methods of net planning and management. Transformation of text data of a project or a program to net model is rather simple. As well as simple is the further feeding this model with the information about resources, terms, executors, control points and project’s artifacts (these are real demonstrations of this project’s results). This simplicity provides solid base for the right monitoring job process and just-in-time creating regulated managerial acts. Accumulating these functions in total monitoring center would allow creating general methodology of managing the national projects. It also allows to provide just-in-time delivery of actual information to controlling and inspecting authorities. This information is provided with current and perspective development of the projects.

Improving prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Barriers and facilitators in primary care services in Vietnam

ABSTRACT Background: The National Hypertention Prevention and Control has been set as the Vietnam national health target program, 2008 to 2020 and functions and responsibilities of commune health centers (CHCs) have been adjusted. The study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of government policies about cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) preventions and control in primary health care(PHC) in Vietnam. Methodology: Ten CHCs in Chi Linh, Hai Duong province were selected. Data were collected through 26 in-depth interviews with heads and specified staffs at CHCs, policymakers at national, regional and local level, about strategy and implementation of the program. A thematic analysis (structural, organizational, professional, social context and attitudinal barriers and facilitators) was used. Results: The most frequently reported and important barriers were lack of practical guideline and skills on risk factors screening; conflict in referral guideline among PHC facilities; non-financial mechanism to counseling services. The facilitators identified were support from authorities and community. Assistance from Village Health Workers in CVDs preventions and control at PHC was a main finding of this study. Conclusion: Assessment barriers and facilitators is important to gain a better understanding of health care providers and organizational perspective when enforcement CVD healthcare policies in PHC settings.

Analysis of the Degree Of Implementation of Environmental Measures in the Sphere of Water Protection Against Anthropogenic Pollution According To The Strategy Of The State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period up to 2020

Purpose. The article provides an analysis of the degree of implementation of the tasks and activities of the Strategy of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period until 2020 in relation to Goal 2 to improve the environmental situation and increase the level of environmental safety in the field of water resources protection through the reconstruction of existing and construction of new urban treatment facilities in order to reduce to 2020 years of the level of anthropogenic pollution. Methods. The system analysis was carried out on the basis of information, statistical and calculated data on the national reports of the Ministry of Regional Development. Results It has been established that the planned environmental protection measures in the field of water resources protection, especially in the area of water disposal, are often not implemented due to the lack of funding at the level of the state budget and national target programs. However, in recent years, a positive trend has been noted to improve the situation in the field of repair, reconstruction, modernization and construction of systems of communal treatment facilities. It has been determined that the dynamics of changes in the volume (in percentage) of insufficiently treated wastewater discharged into water bodies tends to decrease. Conclusions. On the basis of data processing, the fulfillment of Goal 2 was confirmed in full, namely, the reconstruction of existing and construction of new urban wastewater treatment plants was carried out in order to reduce the level of water pollution by pollutants (primarily organic substances, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) by 15 percent by 2020, and also reduced by 2020 by 20 percent (to the base year) the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater.

Program-target method in planning of state budget

Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of proposals for improving the methodology of program-targeted planning in the process of managing the State Budget of Ukraine. Methodology of research. The following methods of economic research are used in the article: comparative analysis, causal analysis, expert survey – in determining the effectiveness of the National Target Program “Drinking Water of Ukraine for 2011-2020”; tabular and graphical methods – for visual visualization of the analysed / obtained data; abstract and logical – in formulating conclusions from the study. Findings. It is established that the total number of state targeted programs is reduced in recent years in Ukraine, respectively, and the amount of their funding is reduced, and the quality of their development and implementation remains low. It is substantiated that the program-targeted approach in Ukraine is unalterable, as it most fully and consistently allows in practice to implement the principles of state budget planning. At the same time, certain restrictions in the use of program-targeted planning have been identified. The method of evaluating the effectiveness of budget programs at all stages of the budget process is proposed, which can be a supplement to existing methodological approaches to realistically assess the implementation of a program, correct planned results, clarify goals and basic parameters of state programs of social and economic development of Ukraine. Originality. Scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of budget programs have been further developed; in particular, proposals have been developed to improve the methodology of program-targeted planning in the process of managing the State Budget of Ukraine. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be the basis for improving the current methodology for assessing the effectiveness of budget programs in Ukraine, as well as identifying opportunities for European practice of program-targeted budget planning. Key words: state budget, planning, program-target method, evaluation, efficiency, program.

A New Approach in Rural Development in Vietnam: Evaluation of the National Target Programme for Building New Rural Areas, 2011–2015

This paper is a summary of the scientific research project entitled “Building New Rural Areas and Its Impacts on Sustainable Rural Development in Vietnam”. Besides using a methodology based on quantitative and qualitative datasets, we gathered the literature review of rural development studies and practical frameworks of rural development programmes (RDPs). We made statistical analyses for the National Target Programme for Building New Rural Areas between 2011 and 2015 in Vietnam by an on-site empirical survey in a community in Vietnam. Our conclusion is that RDPs should specify the difficulties for each rural area in the process of decision-making for development planning, and should frequently classify difficulties during implementation for the decentralized administration of implementation from central offices to local authorities in order to set up priorities for each rural area.

МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТРУДОВОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ

The article defines the purpose of degressive of external migration, which is to achieve the theoretical and structural balance of the request and promotion of labor force through the export and import of the labor force with the aim of ensuring the national security of the country and the realization of the constitutional rights of citizens. And also the main tasks of regulating the processes of external labor migration, including in the sphere of the export of labor force, are the main tasks and in the sphere of the implementation of the work force's main tasks. The measures of degressive of processes of external labor migration for the perspective up to 2025 are proposed. It is determined that the organizational and economic mechanism of state of processes of external labor migration in Ukraine includes such interconnected blocks: block 1 regulation of external labor migration; block 2 Science cookie; block 3 of the System of control systems for external tpdovoy migrations; Block 4 System for achieving the The proposed organizational and economic mechanism of of external labor migration implements the principle of mutual structural and functional relations of separate elements of the system of state of external labor migration. It is proposed to implement the of migration processes by means of a set of measures on the legal, legal, organizational, information provision and inter-institutional co-operation. It is offered in the framework of the Depositary Migration Program to develop a subproject that covers all aspects of this phenomenon. This sub-program should not duplicate or replace existing national target programs in the field of demo-policy, employment and migration, and only increase the scope of de-regulation to achieve the goal.

PSYCHOLOGY, AWARENESS OF THE ETHNIC GROUPS IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TODAY

New rural construction is one of the key tasks identified by the Party and State as the national target program until 2020. Many documents of the Party and the State have been issued expressing political will to implement the tasks of building new rural areas, over 6 years of implementation, the National Target Program for new rural construction has achieved certain achievements, the appearance of rural areas of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas has gradually changed dramatically, contributing significantly to promoting socio-economic and cultural development. Many provinces and cities throughout the whole country have built some new rural models that meet nineteen criterias and arrive on time.

Законодавчо-правове забезпечення імплементації концепції агролісомеліорації в Україні

Для ефективної реалізації основних положень Концепції розвитку агролісомеліорації в Україні запропоновано внесення змін у Закони України і підзаконні акти, які регламентують ведення полезахисного лісорозведення. Обґрунтовано необхідність надання полезахисним лісовим смугам природоохоронного статусу, закріплення їх за суб’єктами господарювання, забезпечення економічного стимулювання з наданням податкових та кредитних пільг особам, які здійснюють догляд за існуючими агролісомеліоративними насадженнями та створюють нові. Внесено також пропозиції щодо Державного контролю за використанням та охороною земель, звільнення від відшкодування втрат сільськогосподарського та лісогосподарського виробництва, складання проектів землеустрою з аналізом агролісомеліоративного забезпечення щодо охорони земель і обсягів необхідних площ захисних насаджень за категоріями на найближчу перспективу.

The impact of the “National target program on new rural development” on household income: The case of Go Quao district, Kien Giang province

The impact of the “National target program on new rural development” on household income: The case of Go Quao district, Kien Giang province

베트남 신 농촌개발운동 1단계 (2010-2015) 사업의 성과와 한계

The purpose of this study was to examine the accomplishments and problems of National Target Program on New Rural Development(NTP-NRD) of the Vietnam government during the 1st stage(2011-2015). Based on the literature review and interview, the following suggestions were drawn with related to 19 criteria and 39 indicators; 1) the relationship between the overall goal and 19 criteria as its measures seems to be inconsistence, so that the meet of the 19 criteria regarded as the goal of the NTP-NRD, 2) there was no measures for the communes, where met the requirement of 19 criteria early, 3) most indicators were output oriented, while outcome level were little, 4) it needed to adjust for the some indicators as the implementation unit from commune level to more wider spatial level.

Совершенствование подходов оценки эффективности государственной инновационной политики в агропромышленном комплексе на региональном уровне

Важным аспектом государственной инновационной политики является оценка ее эффективности. Для расчета показателей эффективности государственной инновационной политики в АПК Чувашии в качестве исходных данных для сравнения использованы, прежде всего, проектные значения индикаторов, отраженные в Республиканской целевой программе, фактические показатели индексов по отдельным факторам инновационной деятельности. Эффективность государственного воздействия на инновационное развитие сельского хозяйства может быть оценена с помощью различных показателей. На основании анализа существующих методов определения экономической эффективности автор предлагает более совершенную методику оценки государственной инновационной политики в сельском хозяйстве региона. Автором экспертным путем определены эталонные значения по каждому индексу. Уровни использования селекционных достижений и генетического потенциала сельскохозяйственных животных должны быть в размере 100 % (100 % посевных площадей должны быть засеяны семенами высокой репродукции), только в этом случае можно говорить о росте инновационной активности сельскохозяйственных предприятий, поэтому эталонное значение по этому индексу равно 1. Индекс качества трудовых ресурсов имеет эталонное значение 0,2 или 20 %. Предложена комплексная методика оценки эффективности государственной инновационной политики, основанная на использовании конкретных индикаторов и эталонных показателей инновационного развития сельскохозяйственного производства региона и структурированная по его основным направлениям. Такая методика позволяет определить степень инновационности и выявить необходимые для дальнейшего развития имеющихся мер государственной поддержки инноваций и оценить их эффективность по сравнению с максимально возможным уровнем. Данная методика включает также показатели сравнительной экономической оценки существующей и инновационной технологии по основным отраслям сельскохозяйственного производства региона.

The transtheoretical model, health belief model, and breast cancer screening among Iranian women with a family history of breast cancer.

Background:Participation of Iranian women with a family history of breast cancer in breast cancer screening programs is low. This study evaluates the compliance of women having a family history of breast cancer with clinical breast exam (CBE) according to the stage of transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM).Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we used Persian version of champion's HBM scale to collect factors associated with TTM stages applied to screening from women over 20 years and older. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS, using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance.Results:Final sample size was 162 women. Thirty-three percent were in action/maintenance stage. Older women, family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, personal history of breast disease, insurance coverage, and a history of breast self-examination were associated with action/maintenance stage. Furthermore, women in action/maintenance stages had significantly fewer perceived barriers in terms of CBE in comparison to women in other stages (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other HBM subscales scores between various stages of CBE screening behavior (P > 0.05).Conclusion:The finding indicates that the rate of women in action/maintenance stage of CBE is low. Moreover, results show a strong association between perceived barriers and having a regular CBE. These clarify the necessity of promoting national target programs for breast cancer screening, which should be considered as the first preference for reducing CBE barriers.

Financial control at the stage of sanctioning in the process of financing to national target programs: the content and characteristic of the main elements

The main idea of this article is to identify the characteristics of display elements of the semantic concept of financial control at the stage of sanctioning in the funding of national target programs. At baseline author identified seven main elements, by which was carried further analysis of the content of specific financial control in specified stages. First, the tasks of financial control. Formulated three general groups: a) strategic objectives; b) tactical tasks; c) operational tasks. Second, financial control functionsdefined as follows: a) information; b) analytical; c) Stability; d) law enforcement; d) preventive (warning); e) educational function. Thirdly, object of financial control in the sphere of financing of national target programs is defined by the distribution of all the financial activities of authorized subjects over the distribution of expenditure on measures and objectives of national target programs. Fourth, from subject matter to financial control include documentation that the subjects used in the process of distribution of public (government) funds to cover government expenditures on targeted measures. Fifthly, the main methods of investigational Control is named: a) expertise; b) examination (examinations); c) analysis method;. d) monitoring (monitoring); e) registration and accounting; f) inspection; g) revision. Sixth, the system controlled of subjects are presented in groups, are: 1) the initiators of national target programs; 2) the contracting authorities; 3) the public authorities in the status of budget funds and / or of responsible budget programs; 4) competitive performers program activities and objectives; 5) other state authorities within the powers that organize and manage the process of budget allocation to cover spending needs to implement national target programs financing activities. Seventh, the specific composition of the controlling entity of the financial controls provided in groups that correspond to levels (from lowest to highest) national public financial control: 1) farm (control and audit, financial departments, the internal audit, and others.); 2) departmental (state programs performers); 3) inter-ministerial (state-coordinators customers, government customers state programs); 4) Government (Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine); 5) Parliament (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Accounting Chamber). It was concluded that financial control at the stage of sanctioning of financing of state target programs is complex, systemic financial and legal institution that is potentially suitable for use interested subjects in the distribution of public funds for program objectives and measures to ensure the legality, expediency and rationality effectiveness of such financial distribution activities.

Shaping the Health Policy Agenda: The Case of Safe Motherhood Policy in Vietnam.

Maternal health remains a central policy concern in Vietnam. With a commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 target of maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 70/100 000 by 2015, the Ministry of Health (MoH) issued the National Plan for Safe Motherhood (NPSM) 2003-2010. In 2008, reproductive health, including safe motherhood (SM) became a national health target program with annual government funding. A case study of how SM emerged as a political priority in Vietnam over the period 2001-2008, drawing on Kingdon's theory of agenda-setting was conducted. A mixed method was adopted for this study of the NPSM. Three related streams contributed to SM priority in Vietnam: (1) the problem of high MMR was officially recognized from high-quality research, (2) the strong roles of policy champion from MoH in advocating for the needs to reducing MMR as well as support from government and donors, and (3) the national and international events, providing favorable context for this issue to emerge on policy agenda. This paper draws on the theory of agenda-setting to analyze the Vietnam experience and to develop guidance for SM a political priority in other high maternal mortality communities.

СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the activities of state of the problem of unmanned aerial vehicles in Ukraine. Opredeleny main trends of contemporary and long-term development that will stimulate research and production potential of Ukraine in the development and construction of the UAV, which is not fully utilized. The authors propose to use state support and perform the following steps: to conduct an economic evaluation of acquisition opportunities (abroad) UAV and manufacturing its own components BPAK; develop a strategy for the development of UAV (unmanned roadmap), to develop a national target program

Control as an effective implementation of the national target program

The article addresses the problem of efficient control over national programs. The main objective of the study is to evaluate and improve a mechanism for funding and implementation of national target programs and to take into account the results of analysis during their future planning, approval and execution. To achieve this goal it is advisable to examine the nature and position of control in public administration, to determine specifics of monitoring for the implementation of national target programs and to create an effective public body which main function is an immediate control over target programs. Theoretical and methodological bases of the study were the achievements of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the nature and characteristics of the control and its implementation in government programs. The proposed mechanism of control over the approval, funding and implementation of national target programs is based on the experience of European countries and on characteristics of public administration in Ukraine. Based on the findings, it is proposed to address the issue of effective control of state target programs by creating the competent authority which acts as a coordinator for all national programs in Ukraine.

Agriculture and Climate Change: Perceptions of Provincial Officials in Vietnam

Climate change is expected to have serious impacts on developing countries, including Vietnam. The central government of Vietnam has launched programs to study climate change trends and impacts on natural resources, environment and socio-economic development, and adaptation strategies. These programs have the active involvement of many ministries, sectors, research institutions and local governments. This paper addresses theperceptions of provincial officers in Vietnam regarding climate change, its impacts on agricultural activities, and adaptation options. It examines the current knowledge and understanding capacity of provincial officials in implementing the National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change, and the Action Plan to Response to Climate Change of the Agriculture and Rural Development Sector. The results from the study provide insight into the perceptions on climate change and climate change adaptation measures held by Vietnamese government officials working in environmental and agricultural sectors. The survey data indicate that Vietnamese government officials are aware of climate change and its potential impacts, but have relatively poor understanding of some aspects, given the key role of government officials in implementing Vietnamese adaptation policies and mitigation measures. These new findings are important to Vietnamese and international organizations involved in assisting agricultural research and extension agencies with identifying and implementing strategies to adapt Vietnamese farming systems to a changing climate.

Ý NGHĨA NHÂN VĂN CỦA CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỤC TIÊU QUỐC GIA GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VỀ HỖ TRỢ PHỔ CẬP GIÁO DỤC TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TÂY BẮC

Ý NGHĨA NHÂN VĂN CỦA CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỤC TIÊU QUỐC GIA GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VỀ HỖ TRỢ PHỔ CẬP GIÁO DỤC TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TÂY BẮC

Women's differentiated vulnerability and adaptations to climate-related agricultural water scarcity in rural Central Vietnam

This field-based study applies a mixed methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative analyses to investigate the differences in women's vulnerability and adaptations to climate-related agricultural water scarcity in Ky Nam commune, Central Vietnam. The study highlights the heterogeneity of women as a group and their intersectional dynamics as they adapt to increasing agricultural water scarcity on their rural livelihoods. The findings show that social differences including gender, class, household headship, age and stage of life shape women's differentiated experiences in vulnerability in access to water, to forestland and credit; in turn mark their adaptation differentiation to climate-related agricultural water scarcity. It also stresses that existing development policies can cause inequality in resource access in practice, running the risk of further marginalizing certain groups of women, especially female heads of household. Meanwhile, the current National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change of Vietnam is blind to issues of women's differentiated vulnerability and adaptive capacity. This study suggests that if these current development and adaptation measures do not pay proper attention to differentiated gender experience, it is likely to exacerbate the vulnerabilities of those affected, particularly female heads of household, rather than help them. In addition, these development and climate programmes have to be redesigned to accommodate more context-specific policies instead of one-size-fits-all packages that will effectively address women's (and men's) differential needs and unequal relations and circumstances.