National Information System Research Articles

A rapid review of current engagement strategies with people who use drugs in monitoring and reporting on substance use-related harms

BackgroundThe Canadian drug supply has significantly increased in toxicity over the past few years, resulting in the worsening of the overdose crisis. A key initiative implemented during this crisis has been data monitoring and reporting of substance use-related harms (SRH). This literature review aims to: (1) identify strategies used for the meaningful engagement of people who use drugs (PWUD) in local, provincial, and national SRH data system planning, reporting, and action and (2) describe data monitoring and reporting strategies and common indicators of SRH within those systems.MethodsWe searched three academic and five gray literature databases for relevant literature published between 2012 and 2022. Team members who identify as PWUD and a librarian at Public Health Ontario developed search strings collaboratively. Two reviewers screened all search results and applied the eligibility criteria. We used Microsoft Excel for data management.ResultsTwenty-two articles met our eligibility criteria (peer-reviewed n = 10 and gray literature reports n = 12); most used qualitative methods and focused on the Canadian context (n = 20). There were few examples of PWUD engaged as authors of reports on SRH monitoring. Among information systems involving PWUD, we found two main strategies: (1) community-based strategies (e.g., word of mouth, through drug sellers, and through satellite workers) and (2) public health-based data monitoring and communication strategies (e.g., communicating drug quality and alerts to PWUD). Substance use-related mortality, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits were the indicators most commonly used in systems of SRH reporting that engaged PWUD.ConclusionThis review demonstrates limited engagement of PWUD and silos of activity in existing SRH data monitoring and reporting strategies. Future work is needed to better engage PWUD in these processes in an equitable manner. Building SRH monitoring systems in partnership with PWUD may increase the potential impact of these systems to reduce harms in the community.

Distribution of human gene polymorphisms allele frequencies associated with viral infections.

The design of studies aimed at finding the association between the genetic factor and the studied feature (disease) involves a comparison of the ratio of genotypes or allelic proportions in the study group with those in the control group. At the stage of determining the ratio of genotypes of the studied polymorphisms in the reference group, researchers meet a number of problems, which are the subject of the present work. Aim of the work is to provide scientific rationale for the feasibility of creating a national information system comprising genetic data of the relatively healthy population of Russia, incorporating its ethnic diversity. The study group, total 1020 people, was genotyped for a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms of human genes. A comparative characteristic of the frequency distribution of the studied polymorphisms with those presented in international databases as reference data was carried out using χ2 index. The frequency of SNP rs4986790 of the TLR4 gene significantly differs from the EUR population (p = 0.032) and the CEU subpopulation (p = 0.047). The allele frequencies of the rs1800795 (IL6) and rs1800896 (IL10) polymorphisms in the study population differ from the CEU subgroup (p = 0.030 and 0.012, respectively). The frequency of SNP rs2295119 (HLA-DPA2) in the study group is significantly different from the EUR population (p = 0.034). The analysis carried out in this work confirms the need to create a domestic information system containing data on the occurrence of SNP alleles and genotypes for a conditionally healthy population and in subgroups with various pathological conditions.

The Twenty Sixth International Conference “Information technologies, computer systems and publications for libraries” (“LIBCOM–2022”): The review of events

The Twenty Sixth International Conference “Information technologies, computer systems and publications for libraries” (“LIBCOM–2022”) held on November 20-25, 2022, is reviewed. The key topics are covered, namely, the status of and prospects for modern information, computer and Internet-technologies in library services, in universities and research organizations, educational technologies, legal aspects in the work of libraries and information producers, e-libraries and digital information resources, etc. The authors focus on several events, i. e. the Seventh Industrial Conference “Book publishing and the libraries: Vectors of interaction”, scientific and practical conference of the National Library Association: Libraries of the Future: (NALF), the scientific conference “Scientometrics and bibliometrics in the modern educational environment: The role of libraries”, scientific and educational symposium “University and academic libraries to support educational process in the modern digital environment”, central discussion site “On the way to the new national system of sci-tech information”, presentation of the two-volume publication “Twenty annual reports to the Crimea International Forum” and the publication “Y. L. Shrayberg. The biobibliography”, expert panel “How to bring up inventors and researcher? The role of modern library. New approaches and technologies”, and the 2022 fall session of the permanent IRBIS School “Using and upgrading LIS IRBIS”. The conclusions on the Conference work are made.

Improving Malaria Case Management and Referral Relationships at the Primary Care Level in Ghana: Evaluation of a Quality Assurance Internship.

In Ghana, Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds managed by trained nurses and midwives called community health officers (CHOs) play a major role in malaria service delivery. With heavy administrative burdens and minimal training in providing patient care, particularly for febrile illnesses, including malaria, CHOs struggle to comply with the World Health Organization's test, treat, and track initiative guidelines and appropriate referral practices. A clinical training and mentorship program was implemented for CHOs to prevent and manage uncomplicated malaria and offer appropriate pre-referral treatment and referrals to district hospitals. Medical officers, pharmacists, midwives, health information officers, and medical laboratory scientists at 52 district referral hospitals were trained as mentors; CHOs from 520 poorly performing CHPS compounds underwent a 5-day internship at their assigned district referral hospital to improve knowledge and clinical skills for malaria case management. Three months later, mentors conducted post-training mentoring visits to assess knowledge and skill retention and provide ongoing on-the-job guidance. Significant percentage-point increases were observed immediately post-internship for history taking (+12.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]=8.3, 15.1; P<.001); fever assessment (+24.9, 95% CI=20.9, 29.3; P<.001); severe malaria assessment and referral (+32.0, 95% CI=28.2, 35.8; P<.001); and knowledge assessment (+15.8, 95% CI=10.0, 21.3; P<.001). Three months later, a third assessment revealed these gains were largely maintained. Analysis of national health management information system data showed statistically significant improvements in testing, treatment, and referral indicators at intervention CHPS compounds after the intervention that were not observed in comparison CHPS compounds. This training and mentorship approach offers a replicable model to build primary care provider competencies in malaria prevention and management and demonstrates how developing relationships between primary care and first-level referral facilities benefits both providers and clients. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to measure the impact of this approach.

Determinants of immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients: an Italian observational study (the CESIT project)

BackgroundVery scanty evidence is available on factors influencing the choice of immunosuppressive drug therapy after kidney transplantation.MethodsAn Italian multiregional real-world study was conducted integrating national transplant information system and claims data. All patients undergoing kidney transplantation for the first time during 2009–2019 (incident patients) were considered. Multilevel logistic models were used to estimate Odds Ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% Confidence intervals. Factors with statistically significance were identified as characteristics associated with treatment regimens: cyclosporin-CsA vs tacrolimus-Tac and, within the latter group, mTOR inhibitors vs mycophenolate-MMF.ResultsWe identified 3,622 kidney patients undergoing transplantation in 17 hospitals located in 4 Italian regions, 78.3% was treated with TAC-based therapy, of which 78% and 22% in combination with MMF and mTOR, respectively. For both comparison groups, the choice of immunosuppressive regimens was mostly guided by standard hospital practices. Only few recipient and donor characteristics were found associated with specific regimen (donor/receipt age, immunological risk and diabetes).ConclusionsThe choice of post-renal transplant immunosuppressive therapy seems to be mostly driven by standard Centre practices, while only partially based on patient’s characteristics and recognized international guidelines.

Validation of an algorithm for identifying incident cancer cases based on long-term illness and diagnosis related group program data from the French National Health Insurance Information System (SNDS).

Three generic claims-based algorithms based on the Illness Classification of Diseases (10th revision- ICD-10) codes, French Long-Term Illness (LTI) data, and the Diagnosis Related Group program (DRG) were developed to identify retirees with cancer using data from the French national health insurance information system (Système national des données de santé or SNDS) which covers the entire French population. The present study aimed to calculate the algorithms' performances and to describe false positives and negatives in detail. Between 2011 and 2016, data from 7544 participants of the French retired self-employed craftsperson cohort (ESPrI) were first matched to the SNDS data, and then toFrench population-based cancer registries data, used as the gold standard. Performance indicators, such as sensitivity and positive predictive values, were estimated for the three algorithms in a subcohort of ESPrI. The third algorithm, which combined the LTI and DRG program data, presented the best sensitivities (90.9%-100%) and positive predictive values (58.1%-95.2%) according to cancer sites. The majority of false positives were in fact nearby organ sites (e.g., stomach for esophagus) and carcinoma in situ. Most false negatives were probably due to under declaration of LTI. Validated algorithms using data from the SNDS can be used for passive epidemiological follow-up for some cancer sites in the ESPrI cohort.

Integration of prison health care into national disease surveillance and health informatic systems: opportunities and challenges for Europe and beyond

Abstract Approximately six million people are incarcerated annually in the WHO EURO region. The majority of these people spend only a minority of their lives in prison. Many people living in prison (PLP) experience significant health &amp; social care inequalities/inequities and have higher levels of health &amp; care needs than their peers in the community. Imprisonment can represent a public health opportunity to identify and address such needs. Programmes delivered in prisons targeting infectious diseases like HBV, HCV, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) can improve active case finding specifically in prison settings but can also impact on elimination and control targets for whole populations by addressing high risk transmission networks centred in and around prison associated populations. But too often prisons represent a ‘black hole’ for health &amp; care data flows, neither receiving health information from community-based health systems nor providing, in an accessible way, details of health interventions delivered in prisons. The result is discontinuity of care and inefficiencies (economic&amp;clinical) in treatment and care programmes. For example, people being screened multiple times for an infection (e.g. HCV) but not receiving treatment, or starting and stopping multiple courses of treatment in a chaotic way which could add to public health risks, e.g. multi-drug resistant TB. National disease surveillance systems missing data on prison populations also risk health security given the ability of prisons to amplify infectious diseases which could pose health threats to wider communities. Significant efforts are required to ensure that national disease surveillance and health information systems routinely include PLP to improve health intelligence, health security and continuity of care. This can support delivery of screening, diagnostic and therapeutic services. But can also enable health service evaluation, health &amp; care needs assessment, and quality improvement programmes.

2.G. Round table: Member States’ Health Information Systems: State-of-play and best practices

Abstract Health Information Systems (HIS) are at the basis of the generation of knowledge for improving the health and well-being of the population. The COVID-19 pandemic put health systems under enormous pressure and forced them to quickly adapt to the changing conditions while continuing to deliver essential health services, highlighting the importance of robust data flows to inform appropriate policy responses. To be better prepared for future health treats, countries can learn important lessons from the COVID-19 crisis and strengthen their own health information systems. At European level, the Health Emergency and Preparedness Response Authority (HERA) and the European Health Data Space (EHDS) are key components of the European Health Union, which aims to improve the resilience of the health systems. Assessments of health information systems allows identification of strengths and weaknesses. To assess HISs in Europe in different contexts, mapping exercises are conducted across three different European projects: the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI), the Joint Action Towards the European Health Data Space (TEHDAS), and the European Interoperability with the HERA IT Platform (EU-HIP) project. The three mapping exercises focus on different aspects of national health information systems. The assessments also create opportunities for engagement and knowledge exchange with national stakeholders and authorities, to learn from the experiences that were gained during the assessments and contribute to capacity building across Europe. The mapping exercises were all based on the “Support tool to strengthen health information systems: guidance for health information system assessment and strategy development” developed by the WHO, to ensure consistency, comparability, and alignment with best practice. PHIRI conducted assessments to map the HIS that monitor the effects of COVID-19 on population health in 8 European countries. Concurrently, TEHDAS conducted 12 country visits to map the state-of-play of health data management systems and their preparedness to join the European Health Data Space (EHDS), one of the key components of the European Health Union. The EU-HIP project will map countries’ interoperability with the upcoming HERA IT Platform, focusing on data flows for intelligence gathering and threat assessment for health emergency preparedness in relation to medical countermeasures. Throughout the session, the exchange of knowledge, experiences and opinions with the audience will be fostered by the moderator and by using Slido to allow the attendees to interact as much as possible with the panelists. This will ensure key messages will be assimilated by the participants. After a presentation from each of the project on the main findings of the assessments, the panelists will discuss key aspects related to the resilience of health systems and the next steps for ensuring stronger health systems across Europe. Key messages • Resilient HIS have the capacity to prepare, absorb, recover, and learn from experience. Robust data flows are key to resilience, both within countries and in cross-border European initiatives. • Structured assessments of health information systems can identify strengths and weakness to be addressed to improve the resilience of the health information system.

Assessment of Internal and External Factors Causing Slow-Moving Landslides

There have been limited studies on slow-moving landslides in South Korea despite their frequent occurrence. Moreover, a national slow-moving landslide hazard information system (SMLHIS) is needed. Herein, we conducted an overlap analysis of 15 slow-moving landslide areas with clear occurrence timings with national landslide hazard maps (LHMs) using the geographic information system data. Additionally, internal and external factors causing slow-moving landslides were analyzed. The results of the overlap analysis showed that slow-moving landslide areas occurred in low-hazard and excluded non-hazard areas on the LHM. The study of internal factors revealed that slow-moving landslides occurred mainly in the Gyeongsang supergroup, which has sedimentary rock type and sandy loam. The analysis of external factors, e.g., rainfall, showed that slow-moving landslides occurred during intensive rainfall, with continuous and 15-day antecedent rainfall exceeding 100 and 200 mm, respectively. The longer the continuous rainfall duration before a slow-moving landslide; the greater the rainfall on the day of the landslide; the greater the maximum hourly rainfall; the greater the 3-, 5-, and 7-day antecedent rainfalls; and the greater the rainfall intensity during the landslide, the greater the size of the slow-moving landslide. This study provides information for developing a national SMLHIS, presenting novel perspectives for slow-moving landslide research.

SCIENTIFIC TRENDS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE AND NEONATOLOGY AT BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY: ADVANCES AND PROSPECTS

Bukovinian State Medical University (BSMU) of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Chernivtsi, Ukraine), according to theranking criteria of the SciVerse Scopus database in 2023, is among the 10 best higher state educational institutions in Ukraine.In 2023, BSMU was ranked 2nd according to the Webometrics system. BSMU supports the implementation of the main provisions of Open Science in Ukraine, which is a priority for European research policy. BSMU started fi lling information data on the areas of open science in the National Electronic Research and Information System of Ukraine “URIS”, which is commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in accordance with the main provisions of the unifi ed national program “On the Implementation of the National Action Plan for Open Science in Ukraine”. Unfortunately, unfavorable demographic trends have recently persisted in Ukraine with a projected decline in the birth rate, an increase in mortality and forced migration as a result of military operations. aggression and genocide of the Ukrainian people. One of the key research areas is maternity and childhood, which has been the basis of scientifi c research at the Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology and Perinatal Medicine for many years. The aim of this research area is to improve the effi ciency of medical care for newborns, including full-term and premature infants born with various forms of perinatal pathology and intrauterine developmental disorders, by improving algorithms for predicting, diagnosing and treating organ system disorders under conditions of birth stress.

Beberapa Aplikasi Jaringan Komputer di Indonesia

Writing this paper aims to determine the aplication of computer networks in Indonesia. The method of writing using the methods of research library. Form the discusion, it can be concluded that some alternative concepts and implementations fo computer networks that exist in Indonesias. Concept / view developed here is not limited to tecnology standpoint but also socio-econimic aspects in particular on the aplication of a technology strategy to a comunity that relies on peoples’s own initiatives independently making it posible to develop Indonesia from below. The world of education and research generally use packet radio technology for operational costs are very cheap, in more detail will be presented several alternative technology that use radio package and reports for the various businesses are currently running, either to make their own aquipment needed such as 1200bps modem, the device is 56Kbps, transverrer and experiment for the relationship to other countries via the polar orbit satelite and satelite geostasionnary. The whore concept developed aiming to rivet the development of a national information system are autonomous and substaninable (sustainable)

Influence of altitude, slope, and waterway characteristics on the occurrence of slow-moving landslides in South Korea

Forest soil sediment disasters, categorized as landslides, slow-moving landslides (land creep), and debris flows, result in destruction of forests and properties, loss of life, and damage to infrastructures. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate factors that cause slow-moving landslides and establish a national-level hazard information system. In this study, we used geographic information system (GIS) to investigate the difference between landslides and slow-moving landslides by overlapping and analyzing landslide hazard map with slow-moving landslide sites. Slow-moving landslide areas (SLAs) and non-SLAs were characterized to compare the effects of altitude and slope in slow-moving landslide events. Finally, we performed a hydrographical analysis of waterways to compare the SLAs and non-SLAs. Grade 3 slow-moving landslide sites were found to be the most prevalent among all landslide hazard grades (1–5), including those in regions outside the specified grades. The altitude and slope of SLAs were 5 m higher and 1° steeper than those of non-SLAs, respectively. The waterways in non-SLAs (205.4 m) were longer than those in SLAs (85.2 m). Our study highlights the importance of altitude, slope, and waterways as triggers for slow-moving landslides and provides an empirical basis for establishing national hazard information systems for these events.

Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Prevalence of the Omicron Variant According to the Brazilian Regions: A Retrospective Cohort Study from 2022.

We investigated the clinical-epidemiological profile and outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 2022, during the Omicron variant/subvariant prevalence, in different Brazilian regions to identify the most vulnerable subgroups requiring special attention. Data from COVID-19 patients were extracted from the national Information System for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza (SIVEP-Gripe database), and analyses stratified by region and age group were conducted. The constructed dataset encompassed clinical-epidemiological information, intensive care unit admission, invasive and non-invasive ventilation requirements, vaccination status, and evolution (cure or death). It was observed that there were significant differences in the vaccination rates between regions, in the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes, and in the pattern of comorbidities in young patients. The north region had higher rates of unvaccinated patients and a lower percentage of those vaccinated with three doses in all age groups compared to other regions. The northeast region had the highest rates of patients admitted to the ICU for all age groups, while the north and northeast were the most affected by IMV requirements and in-hospital death in all age groups. This study showed that extended vaccination coverage, especially booster doses, can protect different population segments from developing severe disease since lower vaccination coverage was observed in regions with higher fatality rates.

Interval post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy in a fecal immunochemical test-based screening program.

In the Dutch colorectal (CRC) screening program, fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive individuals are referred for colonoscopy. If no relevant findings are detected at colonoscopy, individuals are reinvited for FIT screening after 10 years. We aimed to assess CRC risk after a negative colonoscopy in FIT-positive individuals. In this cross-sectional cohort study, data were extracted from the Dutch national screening information system. Participants with a positive FIT followed by a negative colonoscopy between 2014 and 2018 were included. A negative colonoscopy was defined as a colonoscopy during which no more than one nonvillous, nonproximal adenoma < 10 mm or serrated polyp < 10 mm was found. The main outcome was interval post-colonoscopy CRC (iPCCRC) risk. iPCCRC risk was reviewed against the risk of interval CRC after a negative FIT (FIT IC) with a 2-year screening interval. 35 052 FIT-positive participants had a negative colonoscopy and 24 iPCCRCs were diagnosed, resulting in an iPCCRC risk of 6.85 (95 %CI 4.60-10.19) per 10 000 individuals after a median follow-up of 1.4 years. After 2.5 years of follow-up, age-adjusted iPCCRC risk was approximately equal to FIT IC risk at 2 years. Risk of iPCCRC within a FIT-based CRC screening program was low during the first years after colonos-copy but, after 2.5 years, was the same as the risk in FIT-negative individuals at 2 years, when they are reinvited for screening. Colonoscopy quality may therefore require further improvement and FIT screening interval may need to be reduced after negative colonoscopy.

Chronic pain is a risk factor for incident Alzheimer's disease: a nationwide propensity-matched cohort using administrative data.

Chronic pain (CP) is one of the most disabling conditions in the elderly and seems to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Only one study, using national administrative health databases, assessed and demonstrated that chronic pain (all types of pain) was a risk factor for dementia, but without assessing the impact of pain medications. To assess the impact of all types of chronic pain and the long-term use of pain medications on the person-years incidence of ADRD, a retrospective nationwide healthcare administrative data study was performed using the national inter-regime health insurance information system (SNIIRAM) to the French national health data system (SNDS). Incident people >50 years old with chronic pain, defined by at least 6-months duration analgesics treatment or by a diagnosis/long-term illness of chronic pain between 2006 and 2010, were included. Chronic pain individuals were matched with non-CP individuals by a propensity score. Individuals were followed up from 9 to 13 years to identify occurrences of ADRD from 2006. Among 64,496 French individuals, the incidence of ADRD was higher in the chronic pain population than control (1.13% vs. 0.95%, p <0.001). Chronic pain increases the risk of ADRD (HR = 1.23) and the incidence of ADRD was higher for women and increased significantly with age. Our study highlights the importance of prevention, diagnosis, and management of chronic pain in elderly to reduce the risk of development and/or worsening of dementia.

Hospitalization for physical child abuse: Associated medical factors and medical history since birth

BackgroundPhysical abuse often begins at a very young age and sometimes results in serious or fatal injuries. It is crucial to diagnose physical abuse as early as possible to protect this vulnerable population. ObjectiveTo study the factors associated with the first hospitalization for physical abuse from birth to the infant's first birthday in France. Participants and settingWe included all singleton children born in a hospital setting in France between 2009 and 2013, who were identified from the French national information system database (SNDS). MethodsTo study factors associated with the first hospitalization for physical abuse during the first year after birth, we used the Fine and Gray regression model. Factors included in the multivariate model were the infant's sex, prematurity, neonatal conditions, the number of hospitalizations (at least two), medical consultations and complementary universal health insurance (proxy for family precariousness and socio-economic vulnerability). ResultsOver the 2009–2013 period, among 3,432,921 newborn singletons, 903 (0.026 %) were hospitalized for physical abuse in the year following birth. Among the factors associated with physical abuse, such as prematurity (aHR = 2.2[1.8–2.7]), male sex (aHR = 1.3[1.2–1.5]), or having had at least two hospitalizations (aHR = 1.7[1.4–2.1]), we found that complementary universal health insurance coverage was the factor most associated (aHR = 4.1[3.5–4.7]) with being hospitalized for physical abuse. ConclusionThese findings could help introduce preventative measures for infant protection in certain groups, such as parents of infants born prematurely, especially if they are in a precarious situation. This study also suggests that particular attention should be paid to infants who have been hospitalized at least two times in the first year of life, whatever the reason.

Estimating the effects of COVID-19 on essential health services utilization in Uganda and Bangladesh using data from routine health information systems.

Since March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major shock to health systems across the world. We examined national usage patterns for selected basic, essential health services, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda and Bangladesh, to determine whether COVID-19 affected reporting of service utilization and the use of health services in each country. We used routine health information system data since January 2017 to analyze reporting and service utilization patterns for a variety of health services. Using time series models to replicate pre-COVID-19 trajectories over time we estimated what levels would have been observed if COVID-19 had not occurred during the pandemic months, starting in March 2020. The difference between the observed and predicted levels is the COVID-19 effect on health services. The time trend models for Uganda and Bangladesh closely replicated the levels and trajectories of service utilization during the 38 months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that COVID-19 had severe effects across all services, particularly during the first months of the pandemic, but COVID-19 impacts on health services and subsequent recovery varied by service type. In general, recovery to expected levels was slow and incomplete across the most affected services. Our analytical approach based on national information system data could be very useful as a form of surveillance for health services disruptions from any cause leading to rapid responses from health service managers and policymakers.

Цифровая трансформация государственного управления как фактор достижения цифрового суверенитета в Российской Федерации

The aim of this paper is to examine theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomenon of digital sover-eignty, its structure and function in the conditions of creation and implementation of information and telecom-munication technologies in various sectors of the country’s economic activity and the active process of digital transformation of public administration, changing the boundaries and instrumental base of ensuring national sovereignty of the country. The object – the process of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the activities of digital transformation of public administration of various branches and levels of government, which have an impact on ensuring the digital sovereignty of the country. The paper analyzes the stages of penetration and use of digital technologies in public administration, basing on which the main directions and goals that are mandatory elements of ensuring the digital sovereignty of the country are defined, taking into account the increasing role of technology as an instrument of countries’ political confrontation in the international arena. Based on the results of the work, it is concluded that the active introduction of modern digital technologies in key areas of public administration and society requires ensuring state digital sovereignty, which, in turn, implies the creation of its own critical information and telecommunica-tion technologies, national independent infrastructure and information systems.

Intersection of policy and Immunization Information Systems (IIS)

BackgroundImmunization information systems (IIS) are confidential, population-based computerized databases that record vaccination doses administered to persons residing within a given geopolitical area. We sought to highlight the evolution of IIS policy over the last two decades, as IIS play a pivotal role in achieving equitable and high vaccine uptake.MethodsLegal epidemiological research methods were used to assess relevant IIS statutes and administrative codes across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Philadelphia, and New York City. Where relevant, laws were cross-checked or supplemented with state and local health department resources. Comparisons to previous legal studies enabled evaluation of trends in IIS laws over time.ResultsThe compilation of current laws provides an updated overview of the diverse interstate and intrastate policies within the US that govern the capabilities and implementation of IIS. The findings of this study show the progress that has been made in the past decade in improving policies that enable IIS to be utilized across the life-course. Conversely, gaps in IIS data collection, limited interoperability with local and national health information systems, and inconsistent access to view or utilize IIS records due to existing policies, continue to limit the full potential of IIS.ConclusionsIn the United States (US), IIS are implemented and managed at the state and local level, creating variability in IIS policies and implementation. Findings from this study serve as a comprehensive benchmark of current IIS laws that may aid policy stakeholders who are exploring amendments to jurisdictional IIS laws.

Informing sustainable development in education: Identification and actualization of layered IS affordances

AbstractThis paper reports from a qualitative case study in the Gambian education sector. The study applies an affordance perspective to the ongoing strengthening of the national education management information system. Our analysis distinguishes between micro‐level technology‐use affordances (e.g., civil servants using IT for data capture and reporting), meso‐level information system (IS) affordances (e.g., data‐driven decision making at the organizational level), and macro‐level affordances, which include policy interventions to ensure the attainment of education sector goals. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, the paper introduces a stepwise framework for IS affordance identification in terms of granularity levels (micro, meso and macro). Second, the paper outlines how use of IT at the micro‐level allows for the actualization of meso‐level IS affordances, which in turn serve as a foundation for the articulation of higher‐level interventions. Far too often, ICT for development (ICT4D) projects focus on putting technology in the hands of users with the assumption that “better data” will drive development. The significant work involved in identifying and actualizing meso‐level IS affordances is often not explicated and recognized in related plans and budgets. By highlighting meso‐level IS affordance actualizations, the paper explicates the link between public sector IT adoption and use and intended societal‐level impact, which remains a key policy and research concern.