National Social Security System Research Articles

Analysis Of Outside Claim Fragmentation On BPJS Claims In Hospital

The Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) has provisions regardingfraud in which one form of fraud is the breakdown of service episodes that are not in accordance with medical indications (serviceunbundling or fragmentation)it is done by health care providers in Health Facilities Referral Follow-Up (FKRTL) the action is done intentionally, to get financial benefits from public relations. Health Insurance program in the National Social Security System through fraudulent acts that are not in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the occurrence of Fragmentation in Hospital X. This research method uses quantitative methods from the data obtained. The results of this study of the Hospital conducted fragmentation in february 33 files and march 24 files and the number of fragmentation in mountax services. The hospital argued not to experience losses because the claim package that has been arranged by the Health Insurance Organizing Agency (BPJS) Instead of the Health Insurance Organizing Agency (BPJS) prohibits fragmentation because it includesfraud. In this study, the hospital can fragment because it is not applied standard operating procedures properly and in accordance with PERMENKES Number 16 of 2020 the hospital must have a fraud prevention team in order to conduct early detection.

Indonesian National Social Security Management Law Problematics with the Enabling of Law Number 40 of 2004 Concerning a National Social Security System

This study discusses legal problems that occur in the management of Indonesia’s national social securitywith the enactment of Law number 40 of 2004. This research is a normative legal research with a conceptualand statutory approach. This study uses the theory of Laurence M. Friedman as a knife of analysis that theproblem of managing national social security includes institutional structures, substance, the Healthcareand Social Security Agency and The National Social Security regulation and legal culture. It is hoped thatthe management of national social security will accelerate the transfer of management of the Savings Fundand Civil Servant Insurance Company and the Social Insurance of the Armed Forces of the Republic ofIndonesia Company, so that they do not have to wait up to 25 years.

Ensuring Social Security for All: Key Considerations for Policy Options in Indonesia

Social security is an essential instrument for protecting people from falling into poverty due to economic shocks in the event of sickness, work-accident, old age, and death of income producers. Indonesia introduced Law no. 40 Year 2004 on National Social Security System to implement mandatory social security programs for all. Despite the compulsory participation for all, the national social security system's coverage continues to be low and mostly relies on government aids. This study explores and analyzes key factors that need to be considered during the policy options formulation process to ensure the intended policy can support the national social security system's implementation. The findings show the need to build an integrated ecosystem model that is critical for social security implementation by considering the combined use of decision-making approaches and five consideration factors during the policy options formulation. An integrated ecosystem model contributes better policy options formulation that can support the effective implementation of the national social security programs while minimizing implementation risks.

Sanksi Penundaan atau Penghentian Jaminan Sosial Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Social security program reflects state's responsibilities to provide social and economic protection to citizens. However, social security in Indonesia has remained to become a central issue after Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2021. This regulation outlines administrative sanctions on delaying or terminating social security for citizens that refuse vaccines. This study examined the issue from philosophical, juridical, and sociological perspectives on the administrative sanctions for delaying or terminating the social security related to the vaccine requirements. This study used a legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. This study indicated that the regulation regarding the postponement or termination of social security provision contradicted Article 20(1) of Law Number 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System. Also, it violated human rights about the right to social security based on the 1945 Constitution. Instead, to succeed in vaccination, it should adopt a socio-cultural approach by combining legal instruments with elements of local culture in the community for legitimating vaccination as its part of being accepted in the society.
 KEYWORDS: Social Security Program, Presidential Regulation, Administrative Sanctions, Vaccines, COVID-19.

Cross-border Coordination in the Field of Family Benefits

The exercise of freedom of movement within the European Union Member States also requires interventions in the national social security systems, the organization and exercise of which fall within the exclusive competence of the Member States. In order to fully exercise, in particular, the freedom of movement of persons, in particular persons engaged in gainful employment, it is necessary to lay down in the Union law procedures for resolving conflicts in the provision of family benefits. Collisions in the granting of family benefits generally arise when a person enjoying the free movement of persons moves to another Member State, while another family member (in particular the second parent or the dependent child) remains in the home Member State or moves to another Member State. In such situations, the Union legislation must provide the migrant with the same conditions for family benefits as a national of the Member State in which the migrant is present, so the Union legislation seeks to ensure an equal treatment of a person enjoying this freedom in the event of such a conflict with national social security systems. The subject of the paper is an analysis of the European Union coordination regulation determining the relevant social security system of an European Union Member State for the provision of family benefits so as not to disadvantage the migrant as a family member in acquiring and providing these benefits and, conversely, that this person does not get into unjustified social advantage in the provision of family benefits, i.e. that there is no unjustified overlapping of the provision of a family benefit for the same purpose to the same family member.

ON SOME PRINCIPLES DEFINING INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY STANDARDS

The purpose of the research. In the legal literature, there is no unified approach to the concept and content of the principles that determine the essence of international norms of social security. This article analyzes various international social security standards with a view to identifying the basic principles that underlie them. Results. Analysis of the main international standards in the field of social security made it possible to highlight such principles in international social security law as the principle of general responsibility of the state for the establishment, functioning and accessibility of national social security systems; the principle of universal coverage of the population by the national social security system; the principle of the adequacy of the level and duration of the provision of benefits and social and medical services; and the principle of social solidarity between generations and social partners.

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pekerja Paruh Waktu dalam Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Melalui Program Jaminan Sosial Tenaga Kerja

Nowadayas, the increasing of economic growth requires individuals to try to make ends meet. The employment relationship between the business owner and his workers is regulated in a work agreement. In the current covid-19 pandemic, many companies are implementing part-time work to reduce company operating costs. This research examines two main problems, namely the regulation of health and safety laws for certain time workers, and legal protection of social security for certain time workers. Normative legal research is used in this research by examining problems based on the applicable legal basis in the form of statutory regulations and supported by theories from experts. The results showed that the legal basis regarding health and safety for part-time workers is regulated in Article 99 paragraph (1) of Law no. 23 of 2003 concerning Employment which regulates that every worker and his family has the right to obtain employment social security. Then, employment social security is regulated in Law no. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System (SJSN) and Law no. 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS. The implementation of social security is based on simultaneous efforts that are family and mutual in nature according to the mandate of the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that in this case part-time workers do not really understand the protection of their rights as workers within a certain period of time. For this reason, this regulation on the protection of workers should be further disseminated to workers and business actors so that workers can obtain their rights in accordance with applicable regulations.

Asas Penyelenggaraan Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional Oleh Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan di Kota Jambi

This article is the result of research with the aim of analyzing and examining the principles in the implementation of the National Social Security System by BPJS Kesehatan in Jambi City. Then it aims to study and analyze the problems and efforts to overcome the problems. The research carried out is a type of empirical research, which concentrates on the main data from the field. The sampling method is through the 'accidental sampling' technique. The result of the research states that the humanitarian principle and the principle of benefit have mostly been implemented in BPJS services at the Hospital in Jambi City. Only the principle of social justice for all Indonesian people is still obscured and its implementation has not yet been seen in the implementation of health services by BPJS at Jambi City Hospital. Furthermore, there are still problems in the implementation of the BPJS in Jambi City, namely some of the losses in the implementation of the National Health Insurance, the unfairness of claims by participants in certain groups, unequal facilities and health workers in Hospitals.

Analysis of Participants Waiting Payment of JKN Mandiri Premium in the Working Area of the Helvetia Community Health Center

The Mandiri National Health Insurance (JKN) is a national social security system where the premium is paid by participants. In 2018, data on premium arrears for Mandiri participants in Indonesia reached Rp. 5.7 Trillion, in Medan City, the highest premium arrears are in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict, amounting to IDR 4,215,379,613. The results of the initial survey indicate the cause of arrears is due to insufficient income. Green's theory explains that people's behavior in the health sector is formed due to a combination of predisposing, supporting and driving factors. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of economic factors, knowledge, age, occupation and attitudes towards regulations in arrears of JKN Mandiri premium payments in the working area of Puskesmas Helvetia, Medan City. The research design used a quantitative analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The study population was all JKN Mandiri participants in the work area of the Helvetia Health Center, Medan City who were in arrears, namely 8260 participants with a sample of 98 people. This research was conducted in the area of Helvetia Health Center, Medan City. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate with multiple linear regression. The results showed that economic factors, knowledge and work have an influence in arrears of JKN Mandiri premium payments. Multivariate analysis shows that economic factors, knowledge, age, occupation and attitudes towards regulation only contribute to premium arrears of 19.7%. There is an influence of economic factors, knowledge and work in arrears to pay the JKN Mandiri premium, while the age factor, attitudes towards regulation have no effect. It is recommended for Puskesmas to always socialize JKN regulations and together with the local government to find solutions so that the community's economy will be better so that they can pay the JKN Mandiri premium.

Transformation of the Social Insurance Management Agency on Health

Health insurance is a type of insurance product that specifically guarantees the cost of health or care ofthe insurance members if they are sick or have an accident. Implementation of social security is a stateobligation mandated by the 1945 Constitution. The issuance of the Social Insurance Management Agency(BPJS) act as the implementer of the National Social Security System act (SJSN) resulted in PT Askestransforming into Social Insurance Management Agency on Health (BPJS Kesehatan). The National SocialSecurity System is organized on the basis of humanitarian principles, principles of benefit, and the principleof social justice for all Indonesians. The National Social Security System aims to provide and guaranteesthe fulfillment of a decent life base for each participant and/or his family member. The National SocialSecurity System is organized on the basis of such principles: mutual cooperation, non-profit, disclosure,prudence, accountability, portability, mandatory membership, trust fund, and the social security fund willbe used entirely for program development and for the interest of participants. Although the preparation andimplementation of the National Social Security System is quite well, but in reality there are still variousimpacts and problems encountered in the operation of BPJS Kesehatan such as lack of socialization, servicefacilities, inappropriate data, and personnel who are still lacking in giving a good services and information.

Legal protection of labor fatigue in the production part of PT. Maruki International Indonesia Makassar

ObjectiveTo describe the legal protection arrangements for workers who suffer from work fatigue, for workers of age, nutritional status, work attitude, and gender. MethodThe type of research described is normative research using legal materials conducted with document study techniques as well as descriptions of respondents. ResultsThe results of the study showed that the regulation of legal protection against work fatigue was regulated in the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational health and safety, Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment, Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System, Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS, PP No. 50 of 2012 concerning OHS Management Implementation. ConclusionsBased on research conducted on workers in the production section at PT. Maruki International Indonesia Makassar, the following conclusions are drawn, Older workers experience more fatigue than younger workers.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPESERTAAN PROGRAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL PADA PEKERJA INFORMAL PERKOTAAN

Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) lahir sebagai amanat UU No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) serta UU No. 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Nasional yang menunjuk PT. Askes (Persero), selanjutnya disebut BPJS Kesehatan, kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan Perpres No. 12 Tahun 2013 dan Perpres No. 111 Tahun 2013 telah mengamanatkan bahwa seluruh warga negara Indonesia harus sudah tergabung dalam program JKN selambat-lambatnya tanggal 1 Januari 2019. Tantangannya adalah bagaimana membuat orang-orang yang tidak terlindungi bersedia menjadi peserta JKN dalam target waktu yang ditentukan. Studi ini menguji probabilitas seorang pekerja sektor informal perkotaan sebagai target utama penduduk yang tidak terlindungi asuransi untuk menjadi peserta JKN berdasarkan sepuluh variabel bebas yaitu stimulus harga, stimulus diskon, stimulus periode pembayaran, precautionary motive, access motive dalam membeli asuransi, pengetahuan tentang financial planning yang meliputi manajemen risiko, manajemen menabung, perencanaan hari tua, perencanaan waris, dan manajemen cash flow rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung di wilayah Jabodetabek terhadap 150 pekerja sektor informal. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan empat variabel bebas memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap probabilitas seseorang menjadi peserta JKN yaitu stimulus diskon, access motive dalam membeli asuransi, manajemen cash flow dan perencanaan harta waris.

Employees of the Global Labor Market and the Polish Social Security System

Purpose: The aim of this article is to determine whether privileging a professional group in the national social security system - persons working at sea (officers and ratings) and therefore on the global labor market - is justifiable for the national economy. Privileges would be to adopt rules for collecting social security contributions a way different than the one commonly used. Its assessment would be taken from the economic point of view. Thus, the assessment of economic rationality of creating a gap in the social security system for people working at sea is the basic theme of the research presented in the article. Approach/Methodology/Design: The characteristics of the modern maritime labor market was based on a review of the literature. The analysis of reports on ship operating costs indicated a key element which is the cost of crew employment. A comparative analysis of crew employment costs resulting from the Polish social security system and a selected social system attractive for seafarers showed huge disproportions. The next step was to calculate the benefits and costs of applying non-common rules. These rules were prepared by Polish ship management companies. Findings: The results of the conducted research clearly show that the introduction of reliefs for Polish seafarers in the Polish legal system will not be a burden on the Polish budget, but it will also generate revenues that the budget is currently deprived of also. Practical Implications: The research results clearly show that the introduction of separate regulations for people employed on ships, i.e. on the global labor market, will generate favorable conditions for shipping operations in Poland and for registering ships under the Polish flag. This, in turn, thanks to high multipliers of shipping activities can translate into faster development of the maritime service and production sphere. Originality/Value: The results precisely indicate positive, from the economic point of view, effects of creating a gap in the social security system for seafarers, highly qualified employees of the global labor market.

Legal Status of The Social Security Administrator (BPJS) As A Public Legal Entity

The Social Security Administrator (BPJS) as an independent public legal entity has its legal position and authority. Because of the regulation issued by the Ministry of Health, the independence of BPJS is interfered with. The relationship that has not been well organized and elegant between BPJS and the Ministry of Health has caused many program problems in the field. Therefore, we need to figure out where the position of BPJS is as a state institution with a public legal entity. The BPJS forms the basis of the Welfare State, through which the government carries out its role of providing basic citizens’ rights to life. Based on Article 28 H and 34 of the 1945 Constitution, the National Social Security System (SJSN) law was established. The Social Security Administrator for Health (BPJS Kesehatan), a legal entity established by the law to administer social security programs, was then formed. Based on those bases, the relationship between BPJS of Health and the Ministry of Health is functional so that the BPJS as a state institution responsible to the President has complete independence. Keywords: Social Security Administrator for Health; Public Legal Entity; Legal Position.

The socio-economical impact of work related deaths: the problem of work precarization

Abstract According to ILO, 6000 people die of work-related conditions. In Brazil, 4th in the rank of deaths related to work, 1 person day each 4 hours due to fatal accidents related to work (FARW). This study is an attempt to provide an overview on the impact of FARW in the family of the deceased workers. This is an epidemiological study, part of a research, conducted by epiGeo, in the city of Campinas, Brazil, 2015 and 2020, when the families of 73 workers (out of 82) that died of FARW were interviewed. The aim of the interviews was to evaluate the social impacts of FARW in the families, considering pre-determined parameters as follows. Out of 73 families interviewed, 15 (20.83%) of them didn't have access to the national social compensations, due to informality. Although 58 of the workers contributed to the national social security system, only 38 (65.55%) of them had access to social security pensions due to the death of their relatives. Regarding income, 47 families (64.38%) reported impacting decrease in income, and 5 of them (6,8%) reported extreme economical hardship. In the last two years Brazilian national policy regarding work-related rights has been changing greatly. According to the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE), the number of informal jobs had achieved an astonishing record number of 11.7mi workers in 2019, which can have impacts not only on the informalization and precarization of work which will also increase the difficulties to the access to the social security system rights. Further research should be conducted to understand why people are not having access to their social security rights. Health policy makers and health personnel must be aware of the impact on workers health and working conditions, caused by work precarization legislations. The socio-economic impact of work related deaths: the problem of work precarization. Key messages The precarization of work caused by work-related legislative reforms can cause severe impacts on social security access. Families of workers that died of work-related fatal accidents have an important negative impact on income.

Prévalence, diagnostic et médication de l’hyperactivité/TDAH en France

Resume Contexte La prevalence de l’hyperactivite/TDAH fait l’objet d’intenses debats au niveau international. En France, la seule etude disponible pointe un taux de prevalence du TDAH de 3,5 a 5,6 % des enfants âges de 6 a 12 ans. Les auteurs estiment egalement que 3,48 % des 6–12 ans sont traites par psychostimulant. Notre article s’appuie sur les donnees de l’Assurance Maladie pour discuter ces resultats. Methode Il est possible de proceder a une etude rigoureuse du taux diagnostic et du niveau de prescription du methylphenidate en France en analysant les donnees de l’Assurance Maladie. Dans cette perspective, nous avons utilise les informations extraites de la base du Systeme National d’Information Inter-Regime de l’Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) presentees en 2017 dans un rapport de l’Agence Nationale de Securite du Medicament et des produits de sante (ANSM). Resultats Les donnees de l’Assurance maladie permettent d’etablir une estimation de la prevalence du TDAH de 0,3 % en France. Discussion Ce resultat appelle des investigations plus approfondies dans la base du SNIIRAM. Il questionne les raisons du faible taux de medication du TDAH en France en comparaison d’autres pays occidentaux. Il interroge les biais methodologiques et les conflits d’interets susceptibles d’orienter les etudes de prevalence du TDAH en France et au niveau international.

Indonesia Dalam Menjawab Konsep Negara Welfare State dan Tatangannya

ABSTRACT: The concept of a welfare state is the idea that the state is responsible for its citizens, that is, by means of the welfare of its people through services, assistance, protection and prevention of social problems. Indonesia applies this system by adopting a minimal welfare state model, namely by providing a very small budget for social spending. So that social services are provided only for civil servants, Indonesia Military members and private employees who are able to pay the premium. Constitutional support is mentioned in the Indonesian Constitution of 1945, namely Articles 23, 27, 28C, 31, 33, and 34. This is then followed by laws. Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System. However, the concept of welfare state is implemented in a minimal model. This is exacerbated by the corruption problems. Indonesia should not only focus on the health sector in realizing the concept of the welfare state, but the education sector can also be a priority to provide an idealistic human resources to create a clean Indonesia for the achievement of the dream of a welfare state.Keywords: Indonesia, Welfare State, Corruption, Poverty ABSTRAK: Konsep negara kesejahteraan (welfare state) adalah gagasan bahwa negara bertanggung jawab atas warga negaranya, yaitu dengan jalan sejahterakan rakyatnya melalui pelayanan, bantuan, perlindungan dan pencegahan masalah-masalah sosial. Indonesia adalah salah satu peganut sistem ini dengan mengadopsi welfare state model minimal, yaitu dengan memberikan anggaran begitu kecil dalam pembelanjaan sosial. Sehingga pelayanan sosial diberikan hanya secara minimal serta pada umumnya diberikan kepada pegawai negeri, anggota ABRI dan pegawai swasta yang mampu membayar premi. Dukungan secara konstitusional termuat dalam UUD’45 yaitu Pasal 23, 27, 28C, 31, 33, dan 34 yang selanjutnya ditindak lanjuti dengan UU. No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional yang dirasa masih keteteran karena undang-undang yang mestinya mendahuluinya justru terbit belakangan, hal ini justru memperlihatkan ketidak siapan pemerintah untuk menyelenggarakan konsep welfare state sekalipun dengan model minimal. Hal ini diperparah dengan kondisi negara Indonesia yang syarat dengan korupsi yang dapat dibuktikan melalui survay-survay internasional yang menyoroti masalah negara-negara yang dilanda korupsi. Di mana negara Indonesia menduduki rangking 107 negara dari 177 dengan indeks 34 dari 100 (merbupakan angka tertinggi). Seharusnya Indonesia tidak hanya terfokus pada bidang kesehatan saja dalam merealisir konsep welfare state, tetapi bidang pendidikan juga dapat dijadikan prioritas utama karena sebagai penghasil sumber daya manusia yang idealis, bermoral, bermental dan berakhlak untuk menciptakan Indonesia bersih demi tercapainya angan-angan negara kesejahteraan.Kata kunci: Negara Indonesia, Welfare state, Korupsi, kemiskinan.

Kedudukan Pegawai Tidak Tetap (Tenaga Honorer) Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014

Diundandangkanya Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Pegawai negeri Sipil Negara mepengaruhi posisi pegawai sementara atau staf kehormatan. Masalah dalam makalah ini adalah bagaimana mengatur status hukum karyawan tidak tetap setelah diberlakukan nya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, serta tentang perlindungan hukum terhadap Pegawai Sementara (pekerja honorer) setelah diberlakukan nya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Negara Sipil. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode normatif, sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, metode pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan rekaman hukum dan literatur lainnya, dan menganalisis bahan hukum menggunakan argumen hukum. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap Pegawai Tidak Tetap (pekerja honorer) setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara tidak lagi menemukan istilah Pegawai Tetap atau karyawan kehormatan. Namun jika dilihat dari klasifikasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK). Sebelum Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara Pasal 8 Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK) ditempatkan sebagai salah satu unsur aparatur negara. Perlindungan hukum bagi Pegawai Tidak Tetap (pekerja temporer) setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara adalah perlindungan dalam bentuk jaminan hari tua; asuransi kesehatan; asuransi kecelakaan; asuransi jiwa; dan bantuan hukum. Perlindungan dalam bentuk jaminan hari tua, asuransi kesehatan, asuransi kecelakaan kerja, dan asuransi kematian dilakukan sesuai dengan sistem jaminan sosial nasional.

On the management of retirement age indexed to life expectancy: a scenario analysis of the Italian longevity experience

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the financial impact on social security system of a recently proposed indexation mechanism for retirement age by considering the Italian longevity experience. The analysis is motivated by the progressive increase in life expectancy at advanced age, which is rapidly bringing to the fore noticeable socio-economic consequences in most industrialized countries. Among those, the impact on National Social Security systems is particularly relevant if people live longer than expected; this will lead to greater financial exposure for pension providers.Design/methodology/approachReferring to the Italian population for illustrative purposes, the authors contemplate different scenarios for mortality projection methods and for the implementation of pension age shift while accounting for gender and cohort gaps and model risk. Synthetic indicators to measure the impact of the indexation mechanism on social security system are introduced on the basis of pension cash flows.FindingsAn indexation policy that manages gender gap while adjusting retirement age for varying life expectancy is proposed. As a result, sustainability of public retirement expenditure is improved.Originality/valueThe paper is a concise scenario analysis of the reduction of costs and risks that pension providers would have if the system resorted to link retirement age to life expectancy. The ideas fostered by the paper follow a recent proposal of the Authors on a flexible retirement scheme that deals with model risk for mortality projection and accounts for gender gap in mortality rates.

Social Security (Al-Takaful Al-Ijtima’i) in Islamic Perspective

Law No.40 of 2004 is a legal umbrella for the implementation of social security in Indonesia. The basis for managing social security including health insurance is social compulsory insurance and equity. The social insurance system, requires social security financing based on contributions where each resident shares the burden of health expenditure that has been delegated responsibility to the Social Security Organizing Agency. This study will examine, how the views of health social security based on Law No.40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System and how the views of Islamic law on social security in Law No.40 of 2004. The results of this study indicate that: social in Islam, as a system that provides good for the community and rules in togetherness with the legal basis of the Koran or from others.