National Radio Stations Research Articles

“I Can’t Stand Women’s Sports”: The Perception of Women’s Sports by Polish Sports Journalists

This article analyzes the opinions of Polish male ( n = 18) and female ( n = 18) sports journalists on the representation of women’s sports in media coverage. The surveyed journalists represented journalists from national television stations, radio stations, and press and Internet media. Some of them were working simultaneously in various mass media outlets. In-depth interviews were conducted in various locations in Poland in 2018. An analysis of the journalists’ views from 36 semi-structured interviews indicated a general consensus among the surveyed sports journalists, both male and female, on the inferior status of women’s sports and women’s sports coverage, a negation of need to realign the inequitable coverage of women’s sports and the perception that sports are a neutral institution with respect to gender. The investigated female sports journalists presented more negative and straightforward views on women’s sports than their male colleagues. This article also indicates the minority status of female sports journalists in Poland and their process of socialization in the profession; it discusses the first male socializing agents that introduced and influenced the female journalists with respect to sports as factors that may be responsible for the journalists’ biased belief in the subordinate nature of women’s sports in general and their secondary position in sports media.

FDA’s ‘Real Cost’ Campaign Cuts Cigarette Smoking by Teens

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Government NewsFull AccessFDA’s ‘Real Cost’ Campaign Cuts Cigarette Smoking by TeensLinda M. RichmondLinda M. RichmondSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:28 Sep 2018https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2018.10a10AbstractThe FDA’s antismoking campaign helped curtail youth use of combustible cigarettes. Meanwhile, the FDA is now grappling with an “epidemic” of e-cigarette use by middle and high schoolers.The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) antismoking campaign prevented nearly 350,000 youth from becoming cigarette smokers, saving the nation $31 billion in mortality, earnings loss, and other costs, according a study last month in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Above is an image from the FDA’s “Real Cost” anti-smoking multimedia campaign, which was aimed at adolescents and followed the adventures of “Little Lungs in a Great Big World.” It strove to drive home the message that cigarette smoking can permanently stunt lung development.FDABut while traditional cigarette smoking among youth has declined, their use of another product that delivers nicotine—e-cigarettes—has reached “epidemic proportions,” FDA Commissioner Scott Gottleib, M.D., wrote in a press release on September 18 (see box). The antismoking campaign—called The Real Cost—was launched in February 2014 and focused on preventing youth aged 12 to 17 years old from starting the use of traditional, combustible cigarettes. Campaign ads appeared on national television and radio stations and the Internet, as well as in magazines and on movie theater screens, with the central theme of “Every cigarette costs you something.” Its first three years of advertising focused on the cosmetic effects of smoking, the loss of control caused by addiction, and the dangerousness of the toxic mix of chemicals in cigarette smoke.The study examined the campaign’s cost-effectiveness during its first two years, for which the FDA had spent nearly $247 million. Among youth who had never smoked a cigarette, those with high exposure to The Real Cost campaign were 30 percent less likely to start, another study found. The campaign was associated with preventing about 350,000 youth aged 11 to 18 years from starting smoking; about half of youth who initiate smoking become established adult smokers, so the campaign was estimated to have prevented nearly 176,000 youth from becoming established adult smokers, the study found.The authors determined that the total lifetime costs to society for each smoker who begins at age 15 is more than $180,000, according to Anna J. MacMonegle, M.A., research public health analyst at RTI International, and colleagues. The greatest costs, in order, included the cost of the smoker’s mortality, the smoker’s spouse’s mortality (due to secondhand smoke), loss in the smoker’s earnings, the cost of the smoker’s disability, and the cost of the cigarettes.Ultimately, the campaign resulted in an overall return on investment of $128 for every $1 spent, for a cost savings of $31 billion. “This value represents a large reduction in the financial burden to individuals, their families, and society as a result of tobacco use,” the authors wrote. “Public health campaigns like The Real Cost reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality for a generation of U.S. youth. The findings suggest that these interventions not only markedly improve public health outcomes, but they also provide substantial cost savings.” ■“The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of The Real Cost Campaign’s Effect on Smoking Prevention” can be accessed here. See related article: E-Cigarette Use Rising Sharply. ISSUES NewArchived

Value of User-generated Content: Perceptions and Practices Regarding Social and Mobile Media in Two Italian Radio Stations

Despite continuous attempts in the mass media landscape to integrate new forms of two-way interaction, limits of interactive media have become a focal theme of criticism since two-way interaction has been introduced. Interviews with national and regional radio stations’ professionals have revealed divergent perceptions not only based on the various actors, but also based on national and regional practices. This study outlines lingering limitations of user-generated content implementation, based on conceptualizations of affordances of interactivity and organizational practices associated with it. I argue that the new platforms don’t necessarily eliminate the biases that have been addressed by the previous two-way communication.

IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION NECESSARY FOR BOTSWANA

This study sought to find out if affirmative action is necessary in Botswana given the fact that various groups of people are being discriminated against in various ways. These groups of people include: ethnic minority groups, married women, and girls. The study answered various questions and addressed various objectives. The questions were: 1. Should minority languages be used to broadcast certain programmes in the national media such as national radio stations and the national television station? 2. Should minority languages be used in the print media to disseminate information of national importance? 3. Should minority languages be used as media of instruction in Botswana public primary and secondary schools? 4. Should neutral words be used to name land boards and the country Botswana instead of the use of names that promote the languages of the majority ethnic groups as it is currently the case? 5. Should the requirement that married women get the consent of their husbands to obtain loans from banks or when applying for plots (land) be discontinued? 6. Should cultures that promote the education for boys at the expense of education for girls discontinue the practice? 7. Should the number of women both in Parliament (National Assembly) and Councils be increased to ensure that women have more representations in these institutions? 8. Should all senior tribal authorities recognized by their tribes as chiefs be referred to as Paramount Chiefs so that the House of Chiefs become a non-discriminatory institution? 9. Based on the responses, what recommendations can you make that can be implemented to remedy the current situation in which minority languages are marginalized and discriminated against in broadcasting all the programmes on national radio stations and Botswana’s only television station? The objectives were: 1. To find out if the minority languages in Botswana should be used to broadcast certain programmes in the national media such as the national radio stations and the national television station. 2. To find out if minority languages should be used in the print media to disseminate information of national importance.3. To find out if minority languages should be used as media of instruction in Botswana public primary and secondary schools.4. To find out if neutral words should be used to name land boards and the country Botswana instead of the use of names that promote the languages of the majority ethnic groups as it is currently the case.5. To find out if the requirement that married women get the consent of their husbands to obtain loans from banks or when applying for plots (land) should be discontinued. 6. To find out if cultures that promote the education for boys at the expense of girls should discontinue the practice.7. To find out if the number of women both in Parliament (National Assembly) and Councils should be increased to ensure that women have more representations in these institutions/8. To find out if all senior tribal authorities recognized by their tribes as chiefs should be referred to as Paramount Chiefs so that the House of Chiefs becomes a non-discriminatory institution. 9. To determine recommendations that can be implemented to remedy the current situation in which minority languages are marginalized and discriminated against in as far as the national media is used in Botswana. The study intended to sample a reasonable number of students in a class of thirty-five (35). Questionnaires, which were the only data collection instrument used, were distributed to all students in class. Only four (4) students responded to the questionnaire. They therefore, formed the sample for the study. The study found that all the groups identified (ethnic minority groups, married women, and girls) were discriminated against in various ways by various groups of people in Botswana. As a result, affirmative action was found to be a necessary remedy to address the situation and various recommendations were identified to address specific situations. For example, on the issue of exclusion of minority ethnic groups’ languages with respect to their use in the national media, it was recommended that these languages be used in such media so that they are treated with equal dignity visa-a-vis the languages of majority ethnic groups. Article visualizations:

The Role of Malawi Broadcasting Corporation Staffers in Mediating Malawi's Ideological Nation-Building Project: The Case of Speak Out

ABSTRACTThe Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) was established as Malawi's first national radio station when the country gained independence from Britain in 1964, partly with an ideological function of mobilising Malawians for the task of nation building. Since its inception, the broadcaster has been accused of serving the ideological interests of the ruling elite at the expense of the public good. Content-based evidence supporting this assertion has, however, been lacking. Against this background, a content study of one of MBC's leading television public affairs programmes, Speak Out, was conducted to interrogate a widely-held perception that the broadcaster's staffers interact with dominant ideology passively at the expense of promoting public good. The study was situated in debates between the dominant ideology thesis and the pluralist paradigm of news. Its results show that, contrary to the widely-held claim, the pursuit of the ideological project of nation building at the broadcaster generally conforms to the pluralist paradigm, especially Shoemaker and Vos's gatekeeper thesis which conceptualises journalists who actively engage with programme content as they mediate it. Presenters and producers of the programme use strategies which, to a considerable extent, connote their effort to pursue impartially politically sensitive aspects of the ideological project of nation building.

A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English

Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.

Public engagement in Malawi through a health-talk radio programme ' Umoyo nkukambirana': A mixed-methods evaluation.

Radio is an effective source of health information in many resource poor countries. In Malawi, 53% of households own radios however few radio programmes in Malawi focus on health issues in the context of medical research. An interactive health-talk radio programme ‘Umoyo nkukambirana’ was introduced by Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme on a national radio station. The aim was to increase awareness of health and medical research, and improve engagement between researchers, healthcare workers and the public. The content and presentation were developed through participatory community consultations. Focus Group Discussions were conducted with established Radio Listening Clubs whilst quantitative data was collected using toll free FrontlineSMS to explore national response. A total of 277 to 695 SMS (Median: 477) were received per theme. The majority of SMS were received from men (64%) and mainly from rural areas (54%). The programme improved knowledge of medical research, health and dispelled misconceptions. This study suggests that the radio may be an effective means of increasing the exposure of men to health information in resource poor settings.

Historical entanglements, conflicting agendas and visions: Radio Botswana and the making of a national radio station

Abstract Botswana’s government as one of the celebrated postcolonial democracies in Southern Africa continues to have the state owning and controlling the media – in particular, broadcast media. The history of government-owned and controlled media in Botswana can be understood through colonial lenses – it stands out as a product of historical entanglements with the influence of apartheid South Africa’s role, and the invention of Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) hegemony. These were further mitigated by other factors that include the sections of Information and Broadcasting’s own internal politics and growth, and, within the geopolitical prism, the Cold War period. This article focuses on the history of radio in Botswana showing its multiple origins and the conflicting visions as to the role and nature of broadcasting in the colony and postcolony. We posit that the aims of modernization, nationalism, national identity and public versus government ownership all had their place in the establishment of radio in the country. Further, we argue that the powerful presence of a coercive and quite overbearing neighbour, South Africa with its South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), and a paternalist British voice alongside an anxious postcolonial government, all shaped the eventual identity of Radio Botswana.

Promoting Language and Cultural Diversity through the Mass Media: Views of Students at the University of Botswana

This study investigates the views of students at the University of Botswana as to whether or not the current situation in which the languages of ethnic minority groups in Botswana are marginalized or excluded for use in the national media such as television, radio and the Botswana Daily News, should continue or not. The study answered the following research questions: 1. What national television and radio stations exist in Botswana? 2. What programmes do these television and radio stations broadcast and with which languages? 3. Is the current situation of broadcasting with regard to the languages used for broadcasting fair, and, if not, what can be done to remedy the situation? It also addressed the following objectives:1. To identify the national television and radio stations which exist in Botswana? 2. To identify the programmes that the existing national television and radio stations broadcast and the languages used to broadcast those programmes. 3. To find out if the current system of broadcasting is fair in terms of the languages used and if it is not, to suggest some measures that can be taken to remedy the situation.The study used qualitative methods. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. A sample of seven (7) students responded to the questionnaire. Three (3) or 43% said the current situation should continue while four (4) or 57% said it should be changed. The conclusion was that the current situation which marginalizes minority ethnic groups should be changed.

Historical Excursions. A Lecture by Vanda Daugirdaitė - Sruogienė on the Lithuanian National Radio Station

Historical Excursions. A Lecture by Vanda Daugirdaitė - Sruogienė on the Lithuanian National Radio Station

Understanding the value of networked publics in radio: employing digital methods and social network analysis to understand the Twitter publics of two Italian national radio stations

ABSTRACTRadio audiences are today a mix of traditional radio broadcasting audiences and networked publics (boyd, d. [2007]. Why youth (heart) social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingha (Ed.), MacArthur foundation series on digital learning–youth, identity, and digital media volume (pp. 119–142). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Ito, M. [2008]. Introduction. In K. Varnelis (Ed.), Networked publics (pp. 1–14). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Varnelis, K. (Ed.). [2008]. Networked publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Varnelis, K. (Ed.). [2008]. Networked publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; boyd, d. [2011]. Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed.), A networked self identity, community, and culture on social network sites (pp. 39–58). London: Routledge). This not only means that new media is changing the nature of listeners/viewers, transforming them into interactive users, but also that radio publics, once organized into networks, may have different properties, different behaviours and different values. In this paper, we have employed Digital Methods (DM) (Rogers, R. [2009]. The end of the virtual. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press) and social network analysis to understand the Twitter activity and the communicative dynamics of the audiences of two Italian national radio stations: Radio3 Rai (public service station) and Radio Deejay (private commercial station). This work also aims to respond to a question asked by Rogers when defining DM: ‘Could the information contained in profiles on social networking sites provide different insights into the composition and characteristics of publics?’ (Rogers, R. [2009]. The end of the virtual. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press). Based on the results that have emerged from this study, we believe that the answer can be affirmative: the analysis of the social connections and the interaction models of the networked listeners highlights new features of these audiences, and allows us to reevaluate and understand them from new points of view. This work shows that the digital audiences related to the two radio stations clearly distinguish themselves for their distinctive online behaviour and a different display of social networks, cultural capital and affect. We therefore hypothesize the presence of three different types of capital within the two different audiences analysed: social, cultural and affective capital.

Reporting the European Union in the Serbian national radio newscasts

The visibility of the European Union in the media has been largely researched in contemporary scholarship. The EU reporting is mostly analyzed in regard to national print media and TV stations across Europe. Relevant studies show that the reporting on the EU topics is mostly uniform, shallow and occasional. The media are more interested to report on the EU from the national rather than supranational perspectives. However, the representation of the EU topics in radio newscasts is rarely researched. The radio has been the second most important source of information for Europeans and the first medium that holds the highest level of citizens' trust. In an attempt to contribute to the existing scholarship, this paper analyzes the extent to which national radio stations in Serbia report on the EU topics, as well as how they have been represented in the news. For that purpose, content analysis of the main newscasts of Radio Belgrade First Programme, Radio B92, Radio S and Radio Indeks was conducted during a three-month period in 2013. The main research findings show that only 5.44% of the newscasts are related to the EU topics. The thematic scope is rather limited to daily politics and representation of influential political actors in the country and in Brussels, without in-depth or analytical approach to the discussed issues.

Song of Brotherhood, Dance of Unity: Cultural-Entertainment Activities for Yugoslav Economic Emigrants in the West in the 1960s and 1970s

The article deals with the ways in which the ‘cultural-entertainment activities’, organized by the Yugoslav government for Yugoslav economic emigrants in the West, were imbued with the patriotic propaganda and shaped by the socialist modernization discourse. In the 1960s, the Yugoslav state, together with national radio stations and Matica iseljenika institutions, supported large and financially lucrative music tours based on folk music, the content and staffing of which were in accordance with the federal and multiethnic structure of the country. However, in the early 1970s, the state support shifted towards smaller-scale activities, in order to fight accusations of commercialization and to facilitate migrants’ amateurism as a form of Yugoslav self-management being transplanted to a capitalist soil, presenting it as an inherently transnational phenomenon. Although the principle of inter-ethnic reciprocity and republics’ quotas remained as an imperative, the Yugoslav state now concentrated on the ‘cultural’ events rather than on folk-inspired ‘entertainment’, in order to elevate the intellectual status of migrant workers and bring them closer to the ideals of an emancipated working class.

Fitzgerald and France, Or “The Course Of True Love Never Did Run Smooth” A Review Essay

Fitzgerald and France, Or “The Course Of True Love Never Did Run Smooth” <i>A Review Essay</i>

From Our Historical Collection: The King?s Speech

A seemingly dry, technical paper from 1937 in the Telecommunications Journal of Australia offers much broader interest following the popularity of the 2010 film ?The King?s Speech?. The June 1937 paper by A.H. Kaye describes the engineering networking arrangements set up by the Australian Postmaster General?s Department to transmit across Australia the BBC?s audio commentary on King George VI?s coronation to all Australian national and commercial radio stations. The six hour broadcast included the now famous speech by the newly crowned King to his British Commonwealth.

Communication Technology and Mass Propaganda in Republican China

This article analyses the policies and plans of the Nationalist Party (Guomindang, GMD) regarding wireless radio broadcasting, arguing that they laid the foundations for the development of a national-level modern cultural institution aimed, for the first time in China, at mass propaganda and education. During the Nanjing decade, notwithstanding its limits beyond the most developed urban areas, the Nationalists’ approach was the extensive use of radio broadcasting for the ‘partyfication’ (danghua) of Chinese state structure and the Chinese people’s social and cultural life. Nevertheless, their aspirations were greater than their ability to transform the plan into reality. Unable to impose an effective state monopoly on radio communication and broadcasting infrastructures, the Nationalists’ aims to exert stronger control and to gain a hegemonic position in the Chinese ‘ether’ could be achieved only by resorting to technical, administrative and legal measures whose efficacy was rather limited, because it was subordinated to a capacity to have them implemented. The Nationalists’ main accomplishments were the establishment of a powerful national radio broadcasting station under the control of the Party in Nanjing and of a central-level commission aimed at coordinating the work of the different state, Party and military bureaucracies involved in radio broadcasting propaganda.

“A Blessed Boon”: Radio, Disability, Governmentality, and the Discourse of the “Shut-In,” 1920–1930

One of the most frequently invoked figures in U.S. policy discourse in the 1920s was the "shut-in" to whom radio technology promised greater integration in national life. Radio's ability to transcend distance was widely hailed as a "blessed boon" to those whose disability was seen to prevent their full participation in American society. While the technology undoubtedly improved the lives of countless disabled persons, the actual listening practices of shut-ins were largely secondary to political strategies that put disability at the center of media policy. Indeed, the shut-in was second only to the noble farmer as the rhetorical figure of choice in debates over the future direction of American radio, with the discourse of disability used primarily to justify policies favoring fewer high-powered national radio stations over more lower-powered stations. At the same time, the discourse helped shape understandings of disability itself in both negative and positive ways, with radio constructed as a technology of both inclusion and exclusion. This paper situates the discourse of the shut-in within the theoretical concerns of Foucauldian governmentality, and at the intersection of critical cultural policy studies and critical disability studies. It reveals the importance of dis/ability to the processes of refashioning communication technologies into instruments of governmentality, as well as the role of media technology in issues of compulsory able-bodiedness and the imagination of "ideal abnormal" bodies that can be subjected to management.

THE SONGS OF THE SIREN: Engineering National Time on Israeli Radio

This article explores how Israeli radio stations regulate national time in accordance with Jewish–Zionist temporal regimes. Informed by an ethnographic study of popular music programming on national and regional radio stations it is shown how broadcasting schedules operate as a uniform pendulum alternating between everyday life and times of commemoration or emergency. Following examples of music broadcasting during Memorial Day for Fallen Soldiers, the first Gulf War and terror attacks during the second Palestinian Intifadah the author explores a practice of “mood shifting” that is borrowed from the bureaucratic logic of commemoration rituals to times of war and terror attacks. The mood shift activates a commemorative mode that echoes sacred mnemonic devices of Jewish remembrance. Consequently, it is argued that times of emergency in Israeli culture are represented through and subordinated to sacred experience, substituting a political interpretation of terrorism with a mythic framework.

The Factors Affecting Radio Format Diversity After the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Ownership Concentration, Stations and Audience

The passage of the Telecommunication Act of 1996 eliminated national radio station ownership limits and considerably relaxed local station ownership caps compared to previous ownership restrictions. Media policymakers have been concerned that increases in media ownership concentration not decrease market format diversity. However, recent format diversity research on the radio industry has not directly considered other factors beyond ownership concentration that may affect format diversity. This study replicates Rogers and Woodbury's (1996) and found the number of programming formats broadcasting in a market (format diversity) is positively related to the number of radio stations serving the market. The percentage of market population listening to radio is positively related to the number of market stations and is not statistically related to the number of formats. This study also found increases in radio ownership concentration do not affect the number of market formats; however increases in ownership concentration may negatively affect the size of a market's radio audience.

Using online streamed audio and podcasting in L2 teaching and learning: how do they work and copyright implications

&lt;p&gt;Providing students with contemporary, up-to-date listening experiences in L2 is an ongoing challenge for language educators. Indeed, much commercially available material is dated or presents language in an idealised and decontextualised way. Audiostreaming provides a wealth of resources which may go some way towards resolving these issues. Contemporary teaching and learning materials on an extremely wide range of topics are easily downloaded from national radio station websites and are accessible via systems such as podcasting. This paper discusses one attempt at integrating these resources into tertiary language courses and demonstrates how these can be easily and efficiently integrated into meaningful online learning tasks. In addition, we discuss the complex issue of copyright and online materials in Australia, UK (Europe) and the US.&lt;/p&gt;