National Objectives Research Articles

Impact of Reflexive Control Technologies on Inclusive Security Architecture in Middle East

The article is devoted to the impact of reflexive control technologies on the process of constructing an inclusive security architecture in the Middle East. The author analyzes various types of reflexive control technologies. The situation and processes in the Middle East are characterized, as well as the features of the functioning of the inclusive security architecture. The article provides examples of the use of various technologies of reflexive control by Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Israel. The author then attempts the effectiveness of the use of reflexive management technologies by individual states of the Middle East in the context of bilateral relations, as well as the expediency of Russia’s application of reflexive management in relation to states and processes in the Middle East in order to achieve its national interests and strategic objectives.

Media Literacy Policy for Unknown Media Audiences

Media literacy target audiences are an important part of media policy. Other national media policy objectives, such as quality and responsibility of the mass media, safety, and sustainability of the media environment, are also related to society’s media literacy. Aligning policy measures with the changing challenges of modern media use is not an easy task. Without systematic research, policy makers lack an in-depth understanding of the needs of media users and cannot be accurate in providing support mechanisms. By adopting a mediatization framework, this study seeks to dissect the symbiotic relationship between media and society within a mediatized context, paying particular attention to how media logic intertwines with various social subsystems and influences the trajectory of media policy development, specifically in the realm of media literacy. Drawing upon bibliographic data from the Mediadelcom project and conducting a meticulous content analysis of national media policy documents, we critically evaluate the media literacy policies in Austria, Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, and Slovakia. The study aims to underscore how an overreliance on media logic and negligence of audience needs thwarts the efficacy of media literacy policies, ultimately hindering their capacity to fulfil their intended objectives. This research endeavours to illuminate these dynamics, providing valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers striving to enhance media literacy and foster a more informed, responsible, and resilient media landscape.

Prospective industrial complexes in the Russian Arctic: focus on rare-earth metals

At present, issues related to the development of rare-earth metal industrial complexes are becoming particularly relevant for Russia. Rare-earth metals (REMs) play a vital role in high technology. Therefore, success in technological progress largely depends on the availability of these metals. However, the country’s position remains uncertain – on the one hand, Russia possesses huge REM reserves, on the other hand, they are not exploited, and the existing level of import dependence of metals on supplies from foreign countries exceeds 80%. The main national REM reserves are in the Arctic region. Nevertheless, even rich deposits are still not exploited. This study aims to investigate the prospects for the development of REM industrial complexes in the Russian Arctic, taking into account both opportunities and constraints. The resource potential of REMs in the Russian Arctic is investigated, a comparative analysis of the characteristics of foreign and national REM objects is provided. The factors influencing the prospects of development of REM industrial raw material complexes are determined. Data on the main REM projects are systematized. The study makes it possible to draw some important conclusions about the current prospects for the development of rare-earth metal industrial raw materials complexes in the Russian Arctic.

Smallholders Are Not the Same: Under the Hood of Kosovo Agriculture

Economists and policy makers are interested in producers’ responses to policies in order to achieve some national or sectoral objectives, e.g., growth, employment, food security. The way producers respond to policy depends on their production function. If producers do not have homogenous production function, policy responses will be heterogeneous. We use the underlying functional relationship to derive homogenous groupings. The paper employs finite regression mixture models to specify and estimate farm groups with regard to pre-specified functional relationship. The proposed approach is illustrated with regard to the aggregate production function of Kosovo agriculture, characterised by high prevalence of small farmers. The results point out to two farm clusters. The first one extracts more output from labour and intermediate consumption. The second one makes a better use of land. Perhaps, surprisingly, both clusters appear quite similar in terms of their stock of production inputs. Cluster 1 however appears to be more specialised. We can conclude that in Kosovo agriculture appearances and size are not primary determinants of productivity.

Legal Regulation of Strategic Public Administration in the Field of Environmental Protection (on the Example of the Subjects of the Ural Federal District)

In this article, the author, using content analysis based on the formal legal method, investigated strategic planning documents in the field of environmental protection at the federal level, as well as in the subjects of the Russian Federation located on the territory of the Ural Federal District. Based on the results of their analysis, the author concludes that the existing system of strategic management in the field of environmental protection includes at the federal level the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on national development goals and development objectives, the Environmental Safety Strategy and the national project "Ecology. At the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation, it includes strategies for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, state programs of the subjects of the Russian Federation (in the field of creating a favorable environment) and regional projects in this area. The author also notes that the period of implementation of state programs in the field of environmental protection differs in different subjects of the Russian Federation, and also differs from the period of implementation of national development goals and socio-economic development strategies of the relevant subjects of the Russian Federation, which requires adjustments for the harmonious development of the strategic management system. Also, according to the author, the fifth paragraph of Article 6 of Federal Law No. 7-FZ of January 10, 2002 requires correction, since it does not correspond to the provision of paragraph 8 of part 1 of Article 44 of Federal Law No. 414-FZ of December 21, 2021, which establishes the authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation to organize and implement regional and inter-municipal programs and projects in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety.

Assessing measurement model of performance management in government agencies using SEM-PLS analysis

The government has formed various formulations of national development objectives. The problem formulation has pushed the government to evaluate every existing work program. Performance assessment is carried out on various existing development on public sectors to optimize performance management. This paper explains the government performance measurement model using the structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method. Measurement of performance management is based on three factors: 1) institutional dimension; 2) operational dimensions; 3) value-added dimension (Alawaqleh, 2021; Kasannudin, 2021; Muizu & Sari, 2019). This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to local governments in Yogyakarta, West Java, and South Sumatra. As a result of this study, the significant impact of operational measurement, value-added measurement and institutional policy on improving the performance of the organization was confirmed. The study found that the first factor in establishing sustainable performance management is the operational dimension which is one of the keys to sustainable performance management through government evaluation systems. This study is expected to be an important input for policymakers and practitioners in the development and implementation of sound and sustainable performance management systems.

A Study of National Language Education Policies Based on Cognitive Characteristics

Language serves as both a medium for culture and the bedrock of a nation’s culture. Language supremacy is frequently employed in globalised competition to promote principles that strengthen national soft power and advance national cultural objectives. The creation and implementation of language education policy is a crucial tool for nations to realise their national cultural goals because it serves as the programmatic document that directs language education and the acquisition of linguistic superiority. In order to help individuals, understand the important role that language education policies play in promoting language education for national purposes and to provide theoretical references for strategic decisions and language education policy development, language education policies must be developed and implemented in close coordination with national development strategies.

Peculiarities of climate change in the Arctic and implications for environmental management

The Arctic is the high-latitude part of the Far North, including the land area and the Arctic Ocean marine environment within the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. The importance of the Arctic issues is due to the fact that in the Russian Federation the formation and scientific rationale of priorities for the development of circumpolar territory are ones of the key objectives of Russia’s economic development. The study of various areas and problems of Arctic development shows the particularly crucial role of geography in the formulation and solution of national economic objectives. The role of geography is becoming increasingly important not only because of the huge impact of the geographical factor in the Far North and the Arctic, but also due to remarkable differentiation of natural and social conditions of economic activity. In recent decades, the natural and socio-economic environment in the Arctic has been undergoing rapid transformation. One example is climate change, which may have an impact on environmental management on a global scale. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the current trends of climate change based on sources and to identify the impact of these processes on the processes of environmental management.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ГРАЖДАН И ГОСУДАРСТВА: ОЦЕНКА ГРАЖДАНАМИ ЭФФЕКТОВ, РИСКОВ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ

The implementation of Russia's national development objective "Digital Transformation" implies achieving "digital maturity," including in public administration. Following this decree, public administration is becoming one of the areas where the implementation of digital technologies is very active. The Russian government has approved and is applying methods for assessing digital maturity. However, while both assessing and taking measures to further digitalize public administration, the opinion of citizens as its beneficiaries is not sufficiently taken into account. To address this gap, RANEPA developed an original methodology for a nationwide representative survey of citizens aimed at identifying their assessment of the effects and risks of the public administration digitalization. The survey focuses on citizens' views not only on public services and facilities (as is most often the case), but also on all types of digital interaction between citizens and the state. The survey was conducted in 2022 and 2023, and the paper compares the results. For example, according to the 2023 survey, in the last year, 86.0% of respondents used digital technologies when interacting with the state (2022: 88.2%). Citizens are also prepared for the use of digital technologies: 83.9% believe they are ready for possible digital interactions with government (2022: 81.7%). The results of the survey can be used to assess the digital maturity of government and develop measures to improve it.

АЭРОФОН ХОРНАЙ КАК РАЗНОВИДНОСТЬ БАШКИРСКОЙ ГРУППЫ ШАЛМЕЕВА

This article concerns the problems of reconstruction of national phono objects from the standpoint of ethnoorganology. The research object is the Bashkir aerophone hornai, which is a part of the clarinet-type shawm group and combines the main structural features of the Oriental zummara and the Slavic zhaleika. Hornai was first mentioned in 1867 at the All-Russian Ethnographic Exhibition and described in detail as “Bashkir Shepherd’s Horn”. The collection of the exhibition went down in history together with the name of V. A. Dashkov, ethnographer and patron of the arts, who donated 40 thousand rubles for the project. The scale of the exhibition today can only be judged from the 1909 publication “Illustrated Description of Musical Instruments Stored in the Dashkov Ethnographic Museum in Moscow: with 137 Drawings in the Text and 3 Tables” [2]. One of the articles under the number 150, entitled “Bashkir Shepherd’s Horn” served as a material for the reconstruction of the “horn”. Based on this document, in 2003 and 2005 Ufa masters A. Latypov and N. Starostin made author’s reconstructions of a single-reed and two-reed “horn”, and selected a conveniently performed repertoire from national melodies and tunes of kyska-kui varieties. More than twenty years of approbation in concert and educational folklore groups has shown that the reconstructed hornai is well received by the audience and has numerous followers.

Realignment and change: CSIRO and industry 2000–10

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, CSIRO’s role broadened toward national mission-oriented research, less directly focused on supporting Australian industry. In terms of its legislated mandate, it deliberately placed increased emphasis on ‘contributing to the achievement of national objectives’ and less emphasis on ‘assisting Australian industry’. This change was accompanied by an organisational restructuring with the introduction of a national flagships' research program and a matrix management structure. We analyse this process of change and the reasons behind it and we investigate the effects of the new approach on CSIRO’s relationship with industry, and its technology transfer activities. While there was continuity in its commercial performance, the pattern of CSIRO’s client-directed research changed substantially, with a reduction in manufacturing-related research, and a notable growth in health- and environment-related research, in the main part for government agencies and departments. By the end of the decade the organisation had established a clear role for itself in the national innovation system, in which its relationship with Australian industry was no longer the dominant feature. It was a disruptive decade for CSIRO, but one in which the organisation demonstrated its capacity to adapt to a changing external environment.

АНАЛИЗ МЕХАНИЗМОВ РАЗВИТИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ В ЦЕЛЯХ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ СФЕРЫ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Over the past decade the Russian Federation has carried out significant reforms in the financing оf science and higher educatiоn. The implementation of project management in to achieve of national objectives in these spheres has determined the demand for in application of economic and mathematical models in order to forecast the development of science and education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for the application of economic and mathematical models and indicators to assess the development of socio-economic processes in the design and implementation of scientific and educational projects.

Study Characteristics of a Multipurpose Reactor Building G.A. Siwabessy using Floor Spectral Ratio

The G.A. Siwabessy Reactor is a vital national object of Indonesia’s nuclear infrastructure. These nuclear facilities are vulnerable to earthquake shocks due to regional tectonic activity. This could have a major impact on society and the surrounding environment if a nuclear disaster occurs. To mitigate hazards, we investigate location and building characteristics through Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Floor Spectral Ratio (FSR) analysis. We determine the natural or dominant frequency (f0) and the amplification factor (A0). We carried out data acquisition on 8 - 19 January 2023 using the Lennartz LE-3D/20s short period seismometer. The data collection time was 31 minutes with 100 Hz sampling. We analyzed the data using Geopsy software. The natural frequency range obtained for wave propagation based on the direction of the NS component is in the range 1,423 – 4,726 Hz. For wave propagation in structures with the EW component direction, the f0 value is in the range 1,280 Hz to 9,753 Hz and the average f0 value in this direction is 2,957 Hz. This research will be a reference in the Periodic Safety Assessment regarding the resilience of building structures due to changes in the maximum ground acceleration value as a condition for extending the operational permit for the G.A. Siwabessy reactor.

СОЗДАНИЕ АГРОБИОТЕХНОПАРКОВ КАК УСЛОВИЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА И ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

In the article the authors justify the necessity of implementing projects on creating agrobiotechnoparks as one of the conditions for achieving technological sovereignty and food security in Russia. The speed, intensity and efficiency of achieving the designated national objectives depend on the choice of specific territories for the implementation of these projects. The authors set a goal: to substantiate the feasibility of implementing such a project on the territory of the resort city of Sochi. The methodological basis was the analysis of spatial and temporal data of the sectoral development of Sochi, logical-structural analysis and specification of arguments reflecting the advantages of the territory in the context of systematization of key opportunities from the creation of an agrobiotechnopark. As a result, the authors have proposed a system of arguments proving the feasibility and prospects of creating an agrobiotechnopark in the territory of the city-resort of Sochi.

Does National Curriculum Fit for Working Class Children? A Gap in Math and Science Teaching

This paper highlights the issue of imposing middle-class norms of schooling on working-class children and its consequence on low learning achievement and perpetuating socioeconomic differences in learning. A study was carried out to explore the teachers' role in contextualizing teaching in schools where students are from the working class. Math and science subjects teaching of a dozen of teachers were observed, and complemented with interview. Thus generated information was analysed in the background of the school setting, and the teachers' role as mediators between students' concrete experiences and disciplinary formal concepts of textbooks. The study suggested that teachers stressed the transmission of knowledge than mediating students' experience to formal learning; teachers' language use in the classroom is insufficient triggering students thinking and conceptualisation, meanwhile teacher preparation and development are not oriented to the contextualised and integrated teachings. Their teaching was not only problematic to achieving the national objective of education encouraging critical thinking, and developing problem-solving skills but also demanding middle-class habitus, aspirations, resourcefulness, performance, etc. in the working-class children.

Theories of International Relations and the Fluidity of the International Political System

The international political system continues to undergo varying degrees of permutation which often beckon the need to (re)appraise, contest, revise and reposition hitherto existing theories of international relations with a view to achieving relative precision in the analysis of global events. Recent developments in the international political system resonate and validate the fluidity and evolving nature of theories of international relations as tools required to describe, explain, analyse and predict global trends. This study underscores the place and role of prevailing global forces in shaping the nature, direction and character of theories of international relations. It demonstrated ways in which centripetal and centrifugal subtleties of the international system orchestrate new political thoughts and search for more apposite theoretical frameworks necessary to capture the exigencies of emerging world realties. Secondary data and descriptive method of analyses were used in the study. The study showed that regardless of the usefulness of theories of international relations in creating relevant links necessary to explain observable scenarios in the global arena, their importance resides largely in their capacity to reasonably account for global actions, behaviours and events irrespective of differences in historical time boundaries as well as variations in geographies. In conclusion, the study stressed the susceptibility of theories of international relations to vagaries of an ever-evolving international system majorly characterized by trends in peace and war, cooperation and conflicts, conflictual national foreign policy objectives as well as general interest of states and non-state actors.

Strategic Options and Performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations in the Health Sector in Kenya

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the health sector help achieve national health objectives by delivering local health services. However, diminishing organization performance impacts their work and overall social impact. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of strategic options on the performance of health NGOs in Kenya. The study was grounded on contingency theory and it utilized positivistic research philosophy and cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was 564 chief executive officers (CEOs) and program directors of 282 national NGOs registered with the NGO coordination board. A sample size of 234 was selected using a random stratified sampling technique that involved 8 regions as strata. Data collection was through a structured questionnaire, while inferential (confirmatory factor analysis – CFA, and structural equation modelling – SEM) and descriptive statistical techniques (frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations) were used for data analysis. SPSS Version 26 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26 software were used for the analysis. The study findings established that strategic options have a significant positive influence on organization performance among national health NGOs in Kenya (r squared = 0.57, beta = 0.756, CR = 7.446, p < 0.05). The study concludes that selecting the strategic option that aligns with the organization’s context is essential for the organization performance of national health NGOs in Kenya. The study recommends that senior management of national health NGOs should critically consider the three generic strategies of cost leadership, focus and differentiation and select the one that aligns with their contexts to attain their organization performance objectives.

Financing Russia's transport infrastructure using public-private partnership facilities: Current challenges and prospects

Subject. This article examines the main ways and legal forms of implementation of transport infrastructure projects in the Russian Federation, the challenges associated with financing, and the prospects for the development of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism when implementing transport projects. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of PPP mechanisms when implementing transport infrastructure projects in Russia to ensure the long-term development of the country. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, statistical and graphical analyses, and comparison. Results. The article assesses the role of PPP facilities in project financing to encourage the inflow of investments in the field of transport infrastructure and determines the main organizational and legal framework for the implementation of transport projects. Conclusions. The State's participation in project financing through PPP mechanisms when implementing transport infrastructure projects in Russia can help improve the attractiveness of long-term projects with high capital expenditures due to a more efficient and flexible distribution of risks and responsibilities among the key partners, and it also contributes to the achievement of national transport objectives significantly.

Using simulated patients to test competency in child protection medicine in the third section of the medical examination

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the third section of the medical examination could be performed with simulation patients. Simulations enable standardized examinations of medical competency according to the educational objectives of the national learning objectives catalogue. The evaluation of student's medical response to child abuse and neglect seems to be an appropriate opportunity to increase attention of prospective physicians for potential child abuse. The presented case reports the simulation of apediatric nonaccidental trauma.

The Romanian Agrarian Reform Following World War I – a tool for building the nation-state

After the First World War, Romania's territory increased, and it inherited a complex social, economic and legal environment which differed from that of the predecessor states. The Romanian state's response to these challenges remained unchanged, this being the political goal of building a homogeneous nation-state. It was an element of this goal that the State implemented a radical agrarian reform through various land reform laws with partial effect. This agrarian reform had genuine social challenges at its core however from the moment of its inception, to that of its implementation, it was imbued with Romanian nationalism. The reform achieved its national objectives, but its social results are questionable. The actions of the Romanian state thus created domestic as well as international disputes. This paper summarizes the constitutional basis and the lessons that this process hides.