To explore sociodemographic factors, anthropometric measurements, and non-communicable disease risk factors as predictors of screening behaviours in Brunei Darussalam. Data from the National Non-communicable Diseases survey (STEPS) involving 3808 participants were extracted. Multivariable regression analyses were applied to explore factors associated with screening behaviours. Highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease screening was blood pressure (81.0%, 95% CI: 79.7, 82.2), followed by glucose measurement (64.9%, 95% CI: 63.3, 66.4) and cholesterol monitoring (63.4%, 95% CI: 61.9, 65.0). For prevalence of cancer screenings, pap smear was the highest (56.5%, 95% CI: 54.3, 58.6), followed by mammography (11.3%, 95% CI: 10.0, 12.7), colonoscopy (7.9%, 95% CI: 7.1, 8.8) and prostate (6.5%, 95% CI: 5.4, 7.8). Marital status, age, tobacco use, co-morbidity and family history were significant predictors of cardiovascular screening behaviours. Whereas family history, age, lifestyle factors, glucose levels, fruit and vegetable intake, work status, and knowledge on cancer were significant predictors of cancer screening behaviours. Identifying specific predictors of screening behaviours could help policymakers introduce tailored guidelines and effective approaches for screening and early detection programmes. Causal relationships and barriers to screening, including healthcare provider’s role and health service utilisation, are highly recommended in future studies.