National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Research Articles

Lap Joint Resistance of YBCO Coated Conductors

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is constructing a 32 T all superconducting magnet. The high field insert coil, which produces about 17 T field, will be made of YBCO coated conductor. Due to the limited available coated conductor piece length, solder splice joints are necessary in the insert coil. In order for the magnet to achieve stable operation with reasonable liquid helium consumption, it is important to minimize the resistance of the joints. In this paper, we prepared 40 mm long lap joints made by 4 mm wide SuperPower coated conductors. Joints made from different conductor batches are soldered with Sn63Pb37 solder at different temperatures using different soldering method. The joint resistivity measurements were performed at both 77 K and 4.2 K in high magnetic fields with different field orientations. We found that the joint resistivity is strongly correlated with conductor batch number. The joint resistivity temperature, magnetic field and field angle dependence is not strong. Therefore the joint resistivity measured at 77 K self field can be used to approximate that at 4.2 K in magnetic field.

Petroleum Analysis

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPetroleum AnalysisRyan P. Rodgers*†‡ and Amy M. McKenna†View Author Information† National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States‡ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 12, 4665–4687Publication Date (Web):April 29, 2011Publication History Published online25 May 2011Published inissue 15 June 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac201080eCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6511Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chromatography,Fossil fuels,Hydrocarbons,Petrochemicals Get e-Alerts

Predator data station: A fast data acquisition system for advanced FT-ICR MS experiments

Here, we present the Predator data station, a control system for FT-ICR mass spectrometers that champions speed and experimental flexibility while simultaneously providing stability, ease of use, and the ability to integrate more advanced hardware as it becomes available. The Predator is the first FT-ICR MS data station comprised solely of fast PCI, PXI, and yet faster PXI Express-based commercial data acquisition hardware. Increased data transfer speed is required because recorded transient data count increases linearly at higher magnetic field (higher measured frequency) with extended transient duration for FT-ICR MS instruments. The application of new cell designs with additional compensation voltages, experimental techniques to increase resolution, and experimental techniques that minimize/reject variations in ion abundance exemplify the scope of recent Predator data station implementations. When the above techniques are applied simultaneously, the results give rise to sub-30 ppb rms mass error for 5250 assigned peaks in a petroleum FT-ICR mass spectrum. The Predator data station is designed for facile implementation with any FT-ICR MS instrument. The Predator hardware provides 17 analog voltage outputs and 18 digital TTL outputs synchronized to a single timing source. SWIFT, chirp, and single frequency excitation waveforms are generated by a 100 MSample/s arbitrary waveform generator with a minimum 32 MB of onboard memory and the potential of terabytes of virtual memory via first in-first out (FIFO) buffering. Transient detection is facilitated by a 2-channel, 100 MSample/s digitizer with a minimum of 32 MB of onboard memory per channel. FIFO buffering implementation allows TB transient collection as well. Commercial hardware, royalty-free software solutions, and commercially produced custom printed circuit boards (PCB) for the cell controller ensure open availability. The present data complement numerous extant publications: the Predator data station has been the sole data station for the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) 9.4 T FT-ICR MS instrument since July 2004, and several additional Predator data stations are in operation elsewhere.

Eddy-Current Analysis of Cold Mass and Thermal Shield for Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory currently has three series-connected hybrid (SCH) magnet projects, where resistive coils are connected in series with superconducting coils using cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC) underway: first for the magnet laboratory in Tallahassee, FL; second for the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy (HZB), Germany; and the third for the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN. The one for HZB has a horizontal conical bore with a 30^ opening angle for neutron scattering experiments. During power supply trip, superconducting magnet quench, resistive insert short, and insert fault, transient electromagnetic effects as a result of fast decay of the coil current introduce a significant amount of eddy current and Lorentz force on the conductive components of the cryostat such as the metallic cold-mass magnet frame and the 50-K thermal radiation shield. Although the eddy-current heating is not a concern during quench and fault operations, the eddy-current-induced Lorentz forces need to be taken into account in the structural design of the SCH cryostat. In this paper, a detailed eddy-current analysis for the HZB magnet during abnormal operations has been performed for its cryostat based on the dry magnet design concept. The nonuniform eddy-current distribution from the finite-element analysis implies that local hot spots may develop under abnormal operations. The eddy-current-induced Lorentz forces are quantified to ensure the strength and stability of the cryostat structure and, most importantly, safety of the SCH magnet during abnormal conditions.

Petroleomics: advanced molecular probe for petroleum heavy ends

To look into complex mixtures of petroleum heavy ends at the molecular level, ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry, i.e. resolving power > 50,000, is needed to resolve overlapping components for accurate determination of molecular composition of individual components. Recent progress in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) incorporated with soft ionization techniques adaptable to liquid chromatography enables analysis of petroleum high ends, i.e., heavy oils, residua and asphaltenes. FT-ICR MS at the Future Fuels Institute of Florida State University and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) routinely provides 1,000,000 resolving power at 400 Da, with root mean square (rms) mass measurement accuracy between 30 and 500 ppb for 5000-30,000 identified species in a single mass spectrum. Phase correction of the detected ion signal increases resolving power 40-100%, improving mass accuracy up to twofold. Overlapping ionic species that differ in mass by as little as one electron mass (548 µDa) can be resolved. A database of more than 100,000 components of different elemental composition has been generated at NHMFL.

Spin transition in Gd3N@C80, detected by low-temperature on-chip SQUID technique

We present a magnetic study of the Gd3N@C80 molecule, consisting of a Gd-trimer via a nitrogen atom, encapsulated in a C80 cage. This molecular system can be an efficient contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. We used a low-temperature technique able to detect small magnetic signals by placing the sample in the vicinity of an on-chip SQUID. The technique implemented at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory has the particularity of being able to operate in high magnetic fields of up to 7 T. The Gd3N@C80 shows a paramagnetic behavior and we find a spin transition of the Gd3N structure at 1.2 K. We perform quantum mechanical simulations, which indicate that one of the Gd ions changes from a 8S7/2 state (L = 0, S = 7/2) to a 7F6 state (L = S = 3, J = 6), likely due to a charge transfer between the C80 cage and the ion.

ChemInform Abstract: The Bi‐2212 Conductor and Magnet Program at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

AbstractReview: 8 refs.

Composition of scientific teams and publication productivity at a national science lab

The production of scientific knowledge has evolved from a process of inquiry largely based on the activities of individual scientists to one grounded in the collaborative efforts of specialized research teams. This shift brings to light a new question: how the composition of scientific teams affects their production of knowledge. This study employs data from 1,415 experiments conducted at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) between 2005 and 2008 to identify and select a sample of 89 teams and examine whether team diversity and network characteristics affect productivity. The study examines how the diversity of science teams along several variables affects overall team productivity. Results indicate several diversity measures associated with network position and team productivity. Teams with mixed institutional associations were more central to the overall network compared with teams that primarily comprised NHMFL's own scientists. Team cohesion was positively related to productivity. The study indicates that high productivity in teams is associated with high disciplinary diversity and low seniority diversity of team membership. Finally, an increase in the share of senior members negatively affects productivity, and teams with members in central structural positions perform better than other teams. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Composition of scientific teams and publication productivity

The production of scientific knowledge has evolved from a process of inquiry largely based on the activities of individual scientists to one grounded in the collaborative efforts of highly specialized research teams, which have become an increasingly prominent means of knowledge production. This study examines data from 1,415 experiments conducted by scientific teams at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) to examine how the diversity of science teams along several key variables—including institutional diversity, disciplinary diversity, gender, seniority, and the network position—impacts overall team productivity as measured by peer reviewed journal publication. The results from correlation and quantile regression analysis indicate high productivity in teams is associated with high disciplinary diversity and low seniority diversity in team membership; team cohesion also positively related to productivity. Teams with members in central structural positions performed better than other teams. A better understanding of the factors that impact scientific teams, as determined by this and future research, may enable key stakeholders to facilitate more effective and efficient team operations and increase overall scientific productivity.

Definition of Hydrogen Deficiency for Hydrocarbons with Functional Groups

Future Fuels Institute, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310Received May 5, 2010. Revised Manuscript Received June 21, 2010Petroleum and other fossil hydrocarbon resources (coal,shale, etc.) are the most complex mixtures generated bynature.Theycontainthousandstomillionsofdifferentmole-cules.Tocharacterizepetroleumanditsfractionsdowntothemolecular level, mass spectrometry, with the highest sensitiv-ity achievable among the analytical instruments (down tonanogram or femtomole levels of a single component), hasbeen an indispensable tool used in the hydrocarbon resourcecommunities, particularly in the petroleum industry. How-ever, in recent publications of petroleum mass spectrometry,use of the z number as expressed by C

Resistive Solenoid Development at the NHMFL

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) has several resistive solenoid magnet projects underway presently, including upgrade of four existing magnets, design of the conical bore insert for the Helmholtz Center Berlin (HZB), design of insert coils of the Series-Connected-Hybrid (SCH) for NHMFL and design of resistive split magnet. The upgrades and the design of the conical bore insert are discussed in detail while other programs are presented briefly.

Cryostat Design for the HZB and NHMFL Series-Connected Hybrids

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) is designing two series-connected hybrid magnets, one for the Helmholtz Center Berlin (HZB) and the other for the NHMFL. The one for HZB has a horizontal, conical warm bore with a 30 degree opening angle for neutron scattering experiments. The one for the NHMFL has a 40 mm diameter vertical warm bore with a cylindrical profile. The design of the HZB cryostat will be completed this year. In this paper the design of the HZB cryostat is presented. The results of a structural analysis performed for normal operation and for fault scenario are discussed. The main features of the NHMFL cryostat are described shortly in the introduction section.

Qualification Measurements of the Mid-Field and Low-Field CICC for the Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet With Effects of Electromagnetic Load Cycling and Longitudinal Strain

The cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) designed for the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) Series-Connected Hybrid magnets have been qualified. The superconducting coils for the hybrid magnets consist of three CICC configurations graded for different designed fields. Representative samples with the same Nb3Sn type, cable pattern, and CICC configuration were fabricated and the current sharing temperature (TCS) and critical current were measured with the intention to quantify the level of degradation from cyclic, transverse electromagnetic loads. In addition the intrinsic strain for the CICC was determined by measuring the TCS and IC as a function of applied longitudinal strain. Two conductor grades, for the middle and low fields regions of the coil (MF and LF), are tested at the NHMFL in a split magnet that is equipped with a system that can apply up to 250 kN force in a direction longitudinal to the samples. The samples are hydraulically connected to a cryogenic system which delivers temperature controlled supercritical helium. The reduction in TCS from electromagnetic load cycling is shown to be insignificant and measurements as a function of strain shown that the MF and LF CICC have intrinsic strains of approximately 0.65% and 0.70% respectively.

Recent Progress of the Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet Projects

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida has designed and is now constructing two Series Connected Hybrid (SCH) magnets, each connecting a superconducting outsert coil and a resistive Florida Bitter insert coil electrically in series. The SCH to be installed at the NHMFL will produce 36 T and provide 1 ppm maximum field inhomogeneity over a 1 cm diameter spherical volume. The SCH to be installed at the Helmholtz Center Berlin (HZB) in combination with a neutron source will produce 25 T to 30 T depending on the resistive insert. The two magnets have a common design for their cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) and superconducting outsert coils. The CICC outsert coil winding packs have an inner diameter of 0.6 m and contribute 13.1 T to the central field using three grades of CICC conductors. Each conductor grade carries 20 kA and employs the same type of Nb3Sn superconducting wire, but each grade contains different quantities of superconducting wires, different cabling patterns and different aspect ratios. The cryostats and resistive insert coils for the two magnets are different. This paper discusses the progress in CIC conductor and coil fabrication over the last year including specification, qualification and production activities for wire, cable, conductor and coil processing.

Bimodal volcanism as evidence for Paleozoic extensional accretionary tectonism in the southern Appalachians

Research Article| July 01, 2010 Bimodal volcanism as evidence for Paleozoic extensional accretionary tectonism in the southern Appalachians Christopher S. Holm-Denoma; Christopher S. Holm-Denoma † 1U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA †E-mail: cholm-denoma@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Reshmi Das Reshmi Das § 2Department of Geological Sciences and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA §Current address: Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2010) 122 (7-8): 1220–1234. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30051.1 Article history received: 05 Mar 2009 rev-recd: 17 Jul 2009 accepted: 27 Jul 2009 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Christopher S. Holm-Denoma, Reshmi Das; Bimodal volcanism as evidence for Paleozoic extensional accretionary tectonism in the southern Appalachians. GSA Bulletin 2010;; 122 (7-8): 1220–1234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30051.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Detailed mapping, U-Pb ages of igneous and detrital zircons, and isotopic and geochemical characterization of a bimodal volcanic sequence from the Appalachian Blue Ridge province provide constraints for the timing and tectonic setting of volcanism along the Early Paleozoic southeastern Laurentian margin. These units, the Pumpkinvine Creek Formation and related rocks, are interpreted as having been deposited along an extended Laurentian margin in a backarc setting during the mid-Ordovician, and tectonically emplaced as late as the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny.Two felsite layers from the Pumpkinvine Creek Formation, a bimodal metavolcanic sequence, have ages of 466 ± 5 Ma and 461 ± 3 Ma. Geochemical analyses of metabasalts indicate compositions derived from a suprasubduction zone, and more specifically a backarc. Furthermore, εNd(460 Ma) = (+)3.3–(+)7.7 and 87Sr/86Sr(initial) = 0.7044–0.7069 indicate a juvenile source. The protoliths of the felsic lithofacies were low-potassium rhyodacite, and have εNd(460 Ma) = (−)3.2–(+)4.65 and 87Sr/86Sr(initial) = 0.709–0.722, suggesting incorporation of an evolved crustal component, which we interpret as Laurentian continental lithosphere. Furthermore, detrital zircons derived from within the Pumpkinvine Creek Formation yielded a majority of ages between 1017 and 1190 Ma, indicating that the source is likely a component of the rifted eastern Laurentian margin.A backarc origin for the Pumpkinvine Creek Formation indicates that the geodynamic setting of the southeastern margin of Laurentia included a retreating subduction zone resulting in extensional accretionary tectonism. These results have implications for the evolution of the southeastern Laurentian margin during a time traditionally linked to collision of an exotic Taconic arc with Laurentia. Additionally, we suggest that there are significant along-orogen disparities that may result from fundamental tectonic boundaries. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Neutron Scattering at Highest Magnetic Fields at the Helmholtz Centre Berlin

The Helmholtz Centre Berlin (HZB), formerly Hahn-Meitner Institute is a user facility for the study of structure and dynamics with neutrons and synchrotron radiation with special emphasis on experiments under extreme conditions. Neutron scattering is uniquely suited to study magnetic properties on a microscopic length scale, because neutrons have comparable wavelengths and, due to their magnetic moment, they interact with the atomic magnetic moments. At HZB a dedicated instrument for neutron scattering at extreme fields is under construction, the Extreme Environment Diffractometer ExED. It is projected according to the “time-of-flight” principle for elastic and inelastic neutron scattering and for the special geometric constraints of analysing samples in a high field magnet. The new magnet will not only allow for novel experiments, it will be at the forefront of development in magnet technology itself. The design of the magnet will follow the Series Connected Hybrid System Technology (SCH) developed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) in Tallahassee, Florida. To compromise between the needs of the magnet design for highest fields and the concept of the neutron instrument, the magnetic field will be generated by means of a coned solenoid with horizontal field orientation. By using resistive insert coils, which are mounted in the room temperature bore of a superconducting cable-in-conduit (CIC) magnet, fields above 30 Tesla can be obtained in a geometry optimised for the demands of neutron scattering.

Initial in vivo rodent sodium and proton MR imaging at 21.1 T.

The first in vivo sodium and proton magnetic resonance (MR) images and localized spectra of rodents were attained using the wide bore (105 mm) high resolution 21.1-T magnet, built and operated at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Tallahassee, FL, USA). Head images of normal mice (C57BL/6J) and Fisher rats (approximately 250 g) were acquired with custom designed radiofrequency probes at frequencies of 237/900 MHz for sodium and proton, respectively. Sodium MR imaging resolutions of approximately 0.125 microl for mouse and rat heads were achieved by using a 3D back-projection pulse sequence. A gain in SNR of approximately 3 for sodium and approximately 2 times for proton were found relative to corresponding MR images acquired at 9.4 T. 3D Fast Low Angle Shot (FLASH) proton mouse images (50x50x50 microm(3)) were acquired in 90 min and corresponding rat images (100x100x100 microm(3)) within a total time of 120 min. Both in vivo large rodent MR imaging and localized spectroscopy at the extremely high field of 21.1 T are feasible and demonstrate improved resolution and sensitivity valuable for structural and functional brain analysis.

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) is a collaboration between Florida State University, the University of Florida, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The DC Field Facilities are located at the main campus for the NHMFL in Tallahassee, Florida and are described in this paper. The DC Field Facility has a variety of resistive and superconducting magnets. The DC Field Facility infrastructure, the most powerful in the world, is able to provide 57 MW of continuous low noise DC power. Constant magnetic fields of up to 45 tesla in a 32 mm bore and 20 tesla in 195 mm bore are available at no charge to the user community. The users of the facility are selected by a peer reviewed process. Roughly 400 research groups visit the lab to conduct experiments each year. Experimental capabilities provided by the NHMFL are magneto-optics, millimeter wave spectroscopy, magnetization, dilatometry, specific heat, electrical transport, ultrasound, low to medium resolution NMR, EMR, and materials processing. Measurements of properties can be made on samples at temperatures from 20 mK to 1000 K, pressures from ambient to 10 GPa, orientation and currents from 1 pA to 10 kA.

Electro-mechanical modeling of Nb 3Sn CICC performance degradation due to strand bending and inter-filament current transfer

Performance degradation of Nb 3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) is a critical issue in large-scale magnet design such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the series-connected hybrid (SCH) magnets currently under development at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). Not only the critical current is significantly lower than expectations but also the voltage–current characteristic is observed to have a much broader transition from a single strand to a CICC cable. The variation of conductor voltage–current characteristic as a result of cable electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal interactions is challenging to model. In this paper, we use a new numerical model, called the Florida electro-mechanical cable model (FEMCAM) benchmarked against 40 different conductor tests, to study the influence of bending strain and current non-uniformity on the critical current and n-value of Nb 3Sn strands and CICC cables. The new model combines thermal bending effects during cool-down, electromagnetic bending effects during magnet operation and current transfer in strands with filament fracture. The n-value of a strand under bending is derived from integration of filament critical current over strand cross-section for full and no current transfer. The cable n-value is obtained from the power law relation of cable electric field and critical current curve. By comparing numerical results with measurements of advanced Nb 3Sn strands and various CICC cables, we demonstrate that FEMCAM is self-consistent in modeling inter-filament current transfer. The new model predicts that I c degradation of bent strands initially follows closely full current transfer but starts deviating and falls between full and no current transfer with an increasing bending strain. The results agree with recent TARSIS measurements for less than 1% bending strain mostly interested in practice. The strand n-value degradation from FEMCAM with no filament current transfer agrees better with measurements than that from full current transfer. Finally, FEMCAM simulated cable n-values are compared with various CICC measurements. The results imply that FEMCAM is a useful tool for the design of Nb 3Sn-based CICCs and both thermal bending and electromagnetic bending play important roles in CICC performance.

Series-Connected Hybrid Magnetic Shielding Conceptual Design for the Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) has been funded to design and construct two series-connected hybrids (SCH), one each for the NHMFL in Tallahassee, FL and the Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy (HZB), Germany. The original designs for both hybrids contained three concentric coils comprising a Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn superconducting cable-in-conduit (CIC) main-field outsert coil, a resistive main-field insert coil and a NbTi superconducting CIC shield coil. The fringe field requirements for both facilities were met by designing the NbTi shield coil to match the 9.6 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A-m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> dipole moment of the main field coils at an average radius of 1.16 m. Subsequent, alternate magnetic shielding concepts for both hybrids have been investigated with the objective of reducing the anticipated $700 k NbTi shield coil cost. The HZB fringe field requirements were targeted to a local area of concern at the adjacent Spin Echo facility, centered 15.65 m from the hybrid magnet center. An alternate, lower-cost shield concept comprised a set of four smaller shield coils positioned orthogonally around the HZB spin echo facility with a resultant total 85% to 90% reduction in required dipole moment compared to the original NbTi shield coil. The fringe field requirements at the NHMFL were not changed, but a lower-cost iron shielding option (not described here) located around the NHMFL hybrid was found to be a viable alternative. As a result, the NbTi CIC coil can be eliminated from the common superconducting magnet design for both the HZB and the NHMFL SCH's in favor of viable lower cost shielding options.