Competitiveness Of National Economy Research Articles

Competitiveness of the Southeast European Countries in the Conditions of the Globalization

Abstract Globalization is a process often identified with the economic integration of countries, the creation of a single market while neglecting other aspects of globalization. Besides its economic dimension, The KOF index of globalization includes the social and political dimensions. One of the questions is how the countries manage to strengthen their competitive position in the international market in the age of globalization. Is it challenging to maintain a stable competitive position in the conditions of greater connection of countries and in what form? For this reason, the paper deals with the change of the Global Competitiveness Index, a renowned measure of the competitiveness of national economies according to the methodology of the World Economic Forum, under the influence of increased economic globalization of Southeast European countries. It also estimates the impact of globalization, or its economic, social and political dimension on the economic growth of Southeast European countries, which is one of the requirements for successful positioning on the international economic scene.

Conceptualization of taxation ecologization in the dynamics of the national economy competitiveness (on the example of Thailand)

As of today, the national taxation system, environmental regulation is carried out by a scattered set of tools and does not represent a system. However, the evolution of theoretical approaches and their practical implementation to a certain extent formed the theoretical foundations of environmental regulation. Greening of national economies is becoming a global trend in the modern economic development of various countries, incl. taxation, but at the same time, the “environmental tax” is no longer the optimal tool for environmental regulation. Thus, the search for methodologies for accounting for environmental costs continues, which confirms the relevance of the research topic. The main vector of the study was aimed at identifying tax instruments for environmental regulation and their harmonization on the basis of the current tax legislation of Thailand with the possibility of subsequent assessment of the environmental taxation effectiveness. The study made it possible to highlight the priority measures in the framework of the greening of the tax system in Thailand, as well as to formulate the directions for the further development of this type of taxation.

The global capital market reconsidered

Abstract While the globalization of production has been a prominent target of anti-globalization backlash, globalized finance has seemed to be much less in the public bull’s-eye. The blueprint for the post-war international economy agreed at Bretton Woods in 1944 envisioned nothing like today’s extensive and fluid global capital market. The demise of the 1946–73 fixed exchange rate system, however, also brought a progressive dismantling of barriers to international financial flows motivated by special-interest politics, national economic competition, and ideology—alongside the benign desire for a more efficient international allocation of capital. Unfortunately, free cross-border financial capital mobility can compromise governments’ capacities to attain domestic economic and social goals in several ways. This essay links the dynamics of financial liberalization to the Teflon-like resilience of finance to backlash so far, and suggests that stronger backlash could emerge if national governments fail to enhance multilateral cooperation to manage the financial commons.

Features of the Digital Economy Development in the EAEU Countries

The most important factor of the global economy development is its digitalization. The degree of introduction of technologies determines the overall level of national economy competitiveness. In this context, the research studies modern approaches to the definition of the digital economy and analyzes the digital economy development of the Eurasian Economic Union (the EAEU) countries. Therefore, the article, first, characterizes the features and challenges of the digital economy as a new socio-economic system. Second, it investigates the development of digital economy in the EAEU countries by analyzing the statistical data and indices and identifies the potential of the EAEU countries in this field. Specifically, a rating assessment is made based on the E-Government Development Index, the E-participation Index, the ICT Development Index, the Network Readiness Index, and the Global Cybersecurity Index. The research has showed that there are currently conditions for the development of the digital economy of the EAEU countries and the strengthening of cooperation between them in this field. The advantages of Russia are not total, and Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia have the best result in a number of indicators among the EAEU countries. In 2017 the “Main Directions for Implementing the Digital Agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union Until 2025” were approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council. This document includes the following directions: digital transformation of economic sectors and cross-sectoral transformation, digital transformation of the goods markets, services, capital and labor, digital transformation of management processes by integration processes, the development of digital infrastructure and ensuring the security of digital processes. In addition, a number of projects aimed at creating a single digital space are being implemented. This article extends the knowledge about the digital economy development of the EAEU countries, their potential in this area in terms of the implementation of the joint digital agenda.

Изследване на зависимостта между равнището на конкурентоспособност и марковата заявителска активност на държавите от ЕС-27

This paper presents the level of competitiveness of the EU-27 Member States in 2019. It also indicates the state of trademark activity for the same year, measured by the number of trademarks, applied for in the countries, included in the study. The relationship "national economic competitiveness – trademark application activity" in 2019 and in 2017 is examined. The existence of a positive correlation between trademark activity and the level of competitiveness of the EU-27 Member States for the years studied is confirmed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF CONSTANTITY OF SUPPLY CHAINS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Industry plays a crucial role in solving current problems, namely: the accelerated development of industry, is a generator of scientific and technological progress and innovation, an important factor in the global competitiveness of national economies and a driver of economic growth. Therefore, increasing attention to the development of industry and industrial policy is one of the main trends in the modern world economy. The purpose of the paper – to analyze the sustainable development of industrial enterprises of Ukraine from the standpoint of security, using a system-structural approach. Methodology. The concept of sustainable development is a management structure that contains a general system view of the ways of transition from the current position of the object of management to the desired, includes the following steps: defining the structure of sustainable development; defining the boundaries of safe existence; identification of the level of sustainability of supply chains; identification of imbalances of sustainable development; to substantiate the methodical approach to estimating the level of sustainability of supply chains of industrial enterprises with the use of economic and mathematical tools; determining the impact of threats and developing institutional measures. The results of the study revealed disparities in sustainable development at the level of economic, social and environmental security of the enterprise, at the level of subordinate components and at the level of indicators that determine the list of major threats, which are calculated indicators of social and economic components of sustainable development. To determine the severity of the impact of threats, the coefficients of elasticity of each component and indicator on the integrated index of sustainable development were calculated and ranked, which is the necessary information for the development of priority measures. Practical implications. The dynamics of deviations of current values of integrated indices from their average optimal values determines the importance of threats to the components of sustainable development. Almost all of these industrial enterprises are characterized by complete neglect of the social status of employees, which inhibits economic growth and makes it impossible to develop domestic demand. Under such conditions, the issue of digitalization of business becomes relevant. The digitalization of business has received considerable attention from both academia and the business community, which define digitalization as a focused effort of companies to actively use digital technologies at all levels to optimize internal processes and modify the overall business model. Value/originality. The obtained strategic guidelines of key macro indicators, which together with the strategic values of indicators are the ultimate goal of sustainable development regulation, which can be monitored through monitoring to monitor the implementation of the Development Strategy and evaluate the policy of enterprise management.

Construction and Optimization of a Thermo-economic Cost Analysis Model for the Complex Energy Network

Improving the energy use efficiency of the energy system is of great significance to the development of the national energy economy and the improvement of the national economic competitiveness. The existing domestic research on thermo-economic costs is insufficient. For example, there is no research on the allocation of thermo-economic costs and on the complex energy network with multiple energy outputs. Therefore, this paper reconstructs and optimizes the thermo-economic cost analysis model for the complex energy network. First, the thermo-economic cost model for each sub-network and that for each energy output of the complex energy network were established, and the structure block diagram of the distributed thermo-economic cost allocation model for the complex energy network was given. Then, a local-global decomposition optimization method was proposed for the complex energy network to achieve the thermo-economic optimization of the complex energy network. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The economic development of countries and regional economic integrations in this century is accompanied by increasing openness and growing production and trade competitiveness of national economies in the world market. In short, the level of national competitiveness determines the ability of its institutions to shape the conditions conducive to business promotion, on the one hand, and the potential of domestic firms to take advantage of such conditions and place products on the world market, on the other. Dynamic economic growth means that companies and countries are increasingly promoting the improvement of trade competitiveness on the world market on the commercial valorization of existing and new knowledge into innovations. Strengthening innovation capacity helps countries accelerate the process of structural change and thus create conditions for dynamic economic growth, which is in the function of improving national competitiveness in the increasingly complex and demanding conditions of global business and competition. The fact is, however, that satisfactory economic development, which is based on the growth of competitiveness, fails to be achieved by all countries. Viewed in that light, the fourth industrial revolution as a phenomenon that dominates modern economic events in the world, opened new possibilities, but at the same time led to the strengthening of many imbalances, one of the expressive forms of which is the growing development gap between individual national economies.
 After forty years of experience in monitoring and comparing the factors of long-term competitiveness of countries, in 2018, the World Economic Forum promoted the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. The index provides a detailed overview of the key drivers of economic growth and human development indicators in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. As an indicator of national competitiveness, the index is adjusted to the description of real events in business and the overall life of people that are shaped by the phenomenon of the fourth industrial revolution. The concept is based on the observation of the increase of real national production enabled by the growth of consumption of factors of production and total factor productivity as a measure of efficiency in the use of factors based on the commercialization of new knowledge and skills in innovation. Thus conceived, the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. is a kind of indicator of the factors that determine economic growth and social development in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. It is an annual indicator that enables economic policy makers to assess their progress in a number of areas that determine national competitiveness in today's economic conditions. All indicators that make up the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 are organized into 12 pillars: Institutions; Infrastructure; Application of ICT; Macroeconomic stability; Health; Skills; Product market; Job market; Financial system; Market size; Business dynamics; and Innovation Capability.

ЗАХОДИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМ КЛАСТЕРНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В КРАЇНАХ ЄС

The lack of normative regulation for the procedures of creating cluster partnerships in Ukraine, their organizational and legal forms as well as the government support instruments triggers a critical need to explore successful international experience, of the EU countries in particular. The purpose of this article is to provide insights into the best European practices in developing initiatives, programmes and platforms to support cluster partnership schemes. The study employs general scientific research methods, in particular, the method of logical generalization and statistical analysis to investigate the neighbouring countries of Ukraine that were awarded with the ECEI Label by the European Secretariat for Cluster Analysis (ESCA). It is emphasized that most European countries have developed and continue to develop and improve their cluster policies and programmes to support their national economy competitiveness and create new jobs. At the level of the European Union, methodology and tools for national innovation development were introduced in the early 1980s. Cluster policy support programmes have been launched since the late 1990s. Currently, to ensure the core principles of the cluster partnership development, the EU policy is focused on improving the environment for the effective cluster operation in all member states, as well as on supporting their internationalization. Although country-specific programmes to enhance cluster partnerships have different priorities and implement a vast range of diverse tools, they all pursue the same goals: they seek to provide appropriate support and meet the needs of all cluster partnership actors along with improving the environment for sustainable national development. Among the analysed programmes and platforms, this paper is focused on the European Secretariat for Cluster Analysis (ESCA) which contributes to the improvement of skills, competencies and practices in cluster management within the cluster partnership framework. The information presented on the ESCA platform demonstrates that currently more than 1100 cluster partnerships from 45 countries have been tested for and / or awarded with the BRONZE quality mark, about 130 gained SILVER and over 100 were awarded with GOLD quality mark. The study also provides cluster analysis of Ukraine's neighbouring countries that quality marks for effective cluster partnership management. Among such countries the leader is Romania – 81 clusters have received quality marks. To date, the European Initiative has recognized three ECEI quality marks as a reliable International Standard for Cluster Partnership Management. The findings reveal that the EU experience in supporting cluster partnerships is relevant for other countries seeking to boost their innovative development, this also refers to Ukraine in particular, where, to a great disappointment, there are yet no legal regulations to support and develop cluster partnerships.

Book Review, Julien Chaisse , China's International Investment Strategy: Bilateral, Regional, and Global Law and Policy, Oxford University Press, 2019, 560 pp, ISBN 9780198827450

In this book, Professor Julien Chaisse, a renowned scholar in the field of international economic law and China-expert, focuses on one of the countries which are proactively (re)shaping our understanding of the international order: the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China). This edited book presents, in a comprehensive, accurate and organized manner, the gradual definition of the China’s investment strategy. This book’s scope includes reflections on the international investment regime, taxation, national economic reforms, mediation, competition law and anti-monopoly law, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), corruption, and the highly-debated China’s Belt and Road initiative (BRI) (object of another book edited by Professor Chaisse). Most of the leading legal scholars and professionals who contributed to the book are based in Asia and working on a daily basis on issues relating to China. This diverse group succeeded in offering different, relevant and innovative contributions. The question that the book attempts to answer is whether China is aligned with the dogmas of international investment and trade law. China’s involvement in the global context is in partial contradiction with the national situation, which formed the basis for many commentators’ critical views of China’s accession to the WTO as a risk to the multilateral trading system in the long term. Did this accession lead to free trade or the end of market-based reform of the national economy? Environmental protection or market domination of the environmental industry? Aid for development or aid for resources?

Digital economy as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of countries and industries: a quantitative analysis

The paper touches upon various aspects of the digital economy and its stages of its formation. The authors of the research present relevant data on the development of the digital economy both in the world and the Russian Federation, and forecast some of the consequences of the introduction of digital technologies based on quantitative analysis and modeling. The authors have analyzed several business models that appeared after the spread of large databases, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other digital technologies. Based on the analysis as of 2020, it has been concluded that transition to digital technologies enhances the competitiveness of national economies.

Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Stability on the Level of Global Competitiveness of Western Balkan Countries

Abstract Competitiveness, as a complex concept, can be observed in different ways, from the perspective of an individual, group, company and/or state. The subject of this paper deals with competitiveness of national economies observed through factor analysis, with a particular focus on the level of macroeconomic stability. Through the application of the Analytical-Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, special attention has been paid to the comparative ranking of Western Balkan countries. The ranking has been made in relation to macroeconomic stability and the positions of countries in the ranking of the World Economic Forum, based on the Global Competitiveness Index, for three defined periods of time. The paper identifies key factors that affect the competitiveness of Western Balkan countries. Research findings show that macroeconomic stability has a strong impact on the level of global competitiveness of national economies.

DEFINING THE NOTIONS OF MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLY CHAINS, VALUE CHAINS AND CLUSTERS IN AGRICULTURE

Supply chain management as a new business philosophy in today’s competitive conditions is a source of numerous advantages for those enterprises that apply it. Due to its dynamic structure, it is a much wider term than that of logistics management, because it encompasses the process of conceiving, developing, optimizing and managing internal and external components of acquisition, transformation of material and distribution of finished products or services in accordance with the business strategic goals. The aim of the supply chain management is the creation of as great a value as possible for all value chain participants, especially for the final consumer, as he is at the end of the system of value creation and he validates the quality of supply chain via his purchase. When all enterprises –participants in the supply chain – do their business separately and act on their own separate business strategies, the sum of their expenses surpasses the expenses generated by integrated business of these enterprises within the supply chain. It is precisely because of this fact that, when an enterprise creates a unique system of goods and information flow with other members of the chain, it in fact enhances the efficiency of managing the entire chain. In that way, the value of the whole system increases for the consumer and competitive advantage of the chain is created. Since the clusters occur by connecting enterprises or chains of new value creation, the rest of this paper explains the meeting points between cluster concept and supply chain concept respectively, with special emphasis on agricultural clusters. The basic idea was that agricultural clusters are a geographical concentration of mutually connected SMEs, specialized suppliers and service providers, companies in related businesses, scientific and educational institutions, and government bodies and agencies in the sectors of agriculture and rural development. Therefore, the network of interdependent enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads), within agricultural clusters and related institutions, confirms that within every cluster there are numerous supply chains, that is, that the supply chain management is an integral part and an indispensable factor of a cluster. At the same time, there is a complementarity and symbiosis between the concept of supply chain management and cluster concept, that is, their combination can effectively advance the competitive advantage both of the enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads) and consequently regional and national economic competitiveness. The geographical proximity of cluster participants enables a more efficient access to specialized resources, information, human resources, institutions, and trainings; facilitates the coordination of activities within enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads) as well as among cluster members; creates larger possibilities for innovation; stimulates permanent comparison of performances and of creating more successful business models, so-called best practices; and contributes to the commercialization of products and services and entering the new markets, as well as creating of new enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads). More specifically, doing business in a cluster environment stimulates the competitiveness of enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads) and affects the promotion of supply chain management within enterprises (individual agricultural farmsteads).

Increase in exports of grain processing products

The implementation of strategic goals of the development of agro-industrial complex can be achieved due to the significant potential for growth in production volume of flour-cereals industry, competitive advantages. The article discusses the raw material reserves of domestic flour-cereal industry, sufficient for sustainable and balanced production of various types and varieties of flour, to fully meet the needs of the bakery, confectionery and pasta industries. Production indicators of flour output when all production capacities are loaded are presented, which determines the possibility of expanding export markets. The author states that flour and cereal industry, which is part of grain products subcomplex of agro-industrial complex, is included into the links of the added value chain, interacts with technologically related industries, which improve its structure, expand export opportunities, and contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of national economy. The importance of production of flour-milling products is determined by its contribution to the formation of food security in the country due to the significant increase in production of high-quality domestic food products. The author points out, that in Kazakhstan, the Roadmap on development of grain processing will be developed. The activities of the subsidiary LLP BioOperations (Tayinsha town, North Kazakhstan region) are aimed at production of bioethanol, wheat gluten, starch, flour and animal feed. The main direction of functioning of LLP "Aruana- 2010" is production of flour (wheat, bakery), providing it to trade enterprises and manufacture of bakery products. Flour of the "PATSHA" trademark is made from high quality grain, with high protein content, grown in ecologically clean fields of Kazakhstan.

ЗОВНІШНЯ ТОРГІВЛЯ ТОВАРАМИ ТА КЛЮЧОВІ НАПРЯМИ ЇЇ РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article seeks to explore the drastic changes in the modern economic realia in Ukraine which are characterized by intensification of globalization, elimination of barriers that hinder the development of economic relationships with other actors in the world economy. This opens up new opportunities for domestic enterprises to use external factors of development, attract international financial and technological resources, implement production and management best practices, and expand the existing markets. The purpose of this article is to provide insights on the trends of international trade in goods in Ukraine, identify the key vectors to address the international trade challenges in Ukraine and to specify the prospects for further development of international trade in goods. To attain the research objectives, the general research methods have been employed, in particular, the logical approach and generalization, and the methods of statistical and financial analysis – to assess the indicators of export and import of goods in Ukraine. Special emphasis is put on the significant effect from the drop in Ukraine's external turnover with the CIS countries (from 15.2% in 2015 up to 10.8% in 2019). Among the major reasons for the decline in foreign markets trading are geopolitical issues, complete or partial exclusion of Ukrainian enterprises from their direct participation in foreign economic activities, currency instability and volatility of the national economy, etc. According to the results of the study, it is argued that the lag in creating favorable environment to enhance production and international trading along with expanding the state budget revenues (behind imbalanced structure of exchange trade and its low efficiency) will reinforce the structural and investment crisis and extend the period of economic stagnation. All this reduces the opportunities to boost the national economy competitiveness and expand international trading. Thus, there is a need to reconsider the current approaches and actions to gain a competitive edge, in particular this refers to tackling the crisis challenges and facilitate post-crisis economic recovery. The study pinpoints a significant role of exports in shaping Ukraine's economy. Thus exports must become a driver in structural transformation of Ukraine’s economy, both in the short-run and in the medium term perspective. In this context, it is proposed that to continue to foster economic partnerships with the EU and other countries globally, Ukraine needs to accomplish the reforms within the country, in particular, improve the business climate, eliminate corruption and strengthen self-government. The Ukraine's international trade efforts should be aimed at increasing and accelerating exports of Ukrainian goods, implementing import substitution policies to improve Ukraine's trade balance; promoting the optimization of import structure; generating government to support Ukrainian exports, etc. Hence, further development of Ukraine's international trade and its implications for the national economy should rely on a balanced government policy to enhance domestic manufacturing, mitigate crisis effects, overcome unemployment, and strengthen the national currency.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МІГРАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ ТА ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ

Introduction. In the context of globalization, there is an intensification of migration of human resources, business, and intellectual property, which has both positive and negative effects on the economic development of the country. To minimize the negative consequences and prevent threats, it is necessary to develop an economic mechanism for regulating business migration in terms of creating favourable conditions for starting and running a business, eliminating the monopolization of economic sectors and the development of healthy competition. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to form a mechanism for regulating the migration of business and intellectual property to achieve sustainable development of the national economy. Results. It is outlined that the development of external migration processes in the migration of busi-ness and related tangible and intangible assets, intellectual property, business technologies is quite critical from the standpoint of influencing the economic security of the state. The intensification of business migration processes is mainly due, firstly, to disparities in the business environment of countries; secondly, systemic threats to the economic security of doing business in the country-the donor of business migration; thirdly, the extensive experience of successful positive business practices in the country-the recipient of business migration. Inadequate attention to the spread of business and intellectual property migration leads to weakening the potential of business activity, reducing competition, stagnation of recovery processes, deactivation of start-ups, deformation of the internal labour market, increasing the number of practices of stationary migration and resettlement, narrowing the creative sector components of the national economy competitiveness. Conclusions. The state policy of migration management in terms of ensuring the development of the national economy requires the formation of a new economic mechanism for managing business migration to preserve and increase the entrepreneurial capital of Ukraine. Keywords: business migration, state policy, national economy, intellectual property, economic mechanism, incentives, entrepreneurial capital.

Internationalization Higher Education for What?

This article examines national strategies on higher education internationalization in three East Asian countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. Specifically, through document analysis of five national educational documents since 2014, it examines what activities of higher education internationalization are underway and, more importantly, how nation states justify them. It finds that the three countries tend to associate internationalization with the countries’ global competitiveness and status. In addition, internationalization in the three countries focuses on regional cooperation, justified by its benefits for economic growth and national security. Drawing on the realist perspective in international relations, this article argues that internationalization of higher education at the national level in East Asia is instrumentalized to benefit national economic competitiveness and development and political security, while the important aspect of teaching and learning is overlooked.

Integrating the Goals of Innovative and Sustainable Development in Science and Technology in Russia

The long-term competitiveness of national economies directly depends on their innovativeness. The paper analyzes a set of indicators measuring the impact of science and technology on national competitiveness. Among the indicators analyzed are the number and type of enterprises engaged in R&D, the volume of budget funding of science, and the number of developed and used advanced production technologies. Emphasizing the differences between the sustainable state and sustainable development, the authors discuss the need and practicality of supporting innovations to ensure the sustainable development of the Russian economy and the integration of goals of innovation and sustainable development. The reasoning of conclusions and proposals is based on official statistics and understanding of most critical aspects in scientific and technological development.

Analysis on the Relationship between Accounting and Economic Benefits under the New Normal

<p>The new normal economy is the transformation of economic paradigm, economic development mode and economic growth mode. Exploring the relationship between accounting and economic efficiency under the background of the new normal promotes the improvement of the core competitiveness of enterprises, the improvement of core competitiveness of national economy, and the promotion of healthy and sustainable development. The article first briefly introduces the relationship between accounting and economic benefits under the new normal. Since the relationship between the two describes the interaction between accounting and economic benefits, we hope these views can effectively promote the healthy development of social economics.</p>

Reforming the education system to prevent labor migration

The world economy is in an unprecedented situation, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the health care crisis. It’s currently difficult to predict all the consequences, but there are undoubtful changes in migration flows, unemployment and poverty increase, and their impact on national economies and globally. The paper aimed at analyzing the cases of educational reforms in different countries, revealing new trends in education and learning that may prevent labor migration or mitigate it. To support feasibility of the study, a bibliometric analysis was implemented on the basis of Scopus tools and VOSviewer software. In this paper, the content analysis of several cases in a sphere of educational reform was performed, namely educational systems of some EU countries and their former members (UK, France, Finland) as well as the most developed world economies (USA, China, and Japan). The distance learning is considered as fundamentally necessary in today’s conditions and a milestone of the global educational system development. The paper investigates the essence and distribution of mass online courses as a typical type of distance learning. The case of virtual exchange that was managed and organized by several institutions within the COIL initiative was also analyzed the alternative to traditional learning. The recommendations about the further development of educational systems were made, as well as suggestions about the competitiveness of national economies due to the migration process. Acknowledgment and funding This research was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership” (No. 0120U102001).