National Ceremonies Research Articles

Exploring the Capability of Elementary School Teachers as Musical Conductors in Formal School Activities

Leading a choir at official school events is one of the skills that a school teacher should have. School events attended by students or fellow teachers usually begin with singing songs together, such as in national ceremonies or other formal school activities. However, it turns out that not all teachers are confident and capable of being conductors when their role is needed. Teachers at Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Cicayur 1, a state-owned elementary school in Cisauk District, Tangerang Regency, have such experience. A community service activity has been carried out for three months, attended by all fifteen teachers at the school, including the principal, to explore and train the skills to become conductors for the teachers. Activity began with the preparation stage, coordinating with the school for smooth implementation. At the implementation stage, activities were carried out using lecture, demonstration, practice, and assignment methods. At the evaluation stage, the assignment result was reviewed from seven videos containing the teacher's performance while leading a song at a formal event as a conductor. The videos show that teachers still need more practice to do better, especially in terms of song expressivity, accuracy of song tempo, stability of song tempo, and tempo matching with music score. If teachers' abilities as conductors can be improved, in the future, it is expected that teachers will be able to teach students how to become professional conductors, and the school can consider organizing extracurricular activities for choirs.

Improving musical skills for members of military band unit of Indonesian Army in administrative officer military area command IV Diponegoro Semarang

Military music has a very significant role in every military event and government activity such as national ceremonies, important military ceremonies, and internal military activities. Military music also functions as a signal giver to high-ranking leaders such as the President and his staff, the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Generals, and high commanders in the military. Since music is important within military units, a special unit called a military band unit was formed with the task of organizing military music activities and providing military music services to arouse a spirit of nationalism, professionalism, and patriotism for the personnel of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The phenomenon that occurs in the military band unit is that not all personnel, especially the Army, have an academic background in music. Members from several units such as combat units can only play wind and percussion instruments but do not understand the basic techniques of music and playing musical instruments. This is because some members join the band unit due to the lack of personnel in the unit, and it is added to the high demands of members who are able to play music well. The solution to addressing this problem is to organize training to improve the musical skills of members of the military band unit, namely (1) reading and writing musical notation, (2) correct techniques in playing musical instruments, especially wind and percussion instruments, and (3) maintenance of musical instruments that are used daily.

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CLASSIFICATION OF LEXICON OF WEDDING CEREMONIES IN UZBEK CULTURE

The article deals with the classification of some lexicon of wedding ceremonies used in Uzbek culture. There are some samples of Uzbek folklore lexicon being translated for study in foreign countries and particular characteristics of the units that represent various national ceremonies, weddings, and related rituals.

Pelanggaran Etika Birokrasi dalam Pemerintahan di Indonesia

In government ethics, there is a prevailing assumption that through the appreciation of good ethics, an apparatus will be able to build a commitment to make himself an example of goodness and maintain government morality. Good government officials and have high morals, will always guard themselves in order to avoid disgraceful acts, because they are called to maintain the mandate given, through imaging the behavior of daily life. Within the scope of the government profession, for example, there are certain values ​​that must be upheld in order to maintain the image of a government capable of carrying out its duties and functions. Trends or symptoms that arise today, many bureaucratic apparatus in carrying out their duties often violate the rules of the game that have been set. Cases related to ethical violations in the government bureaucracy such as corruption and gratification (bribery) involve many professions in violating ethics such as state administration officials, regional heads, legislators, prosecutors, judges, police, tax officials, and so on. Bureaucratic Ethics is part of the rules of the game in the Bureaucracy or Civil Service organization which structurally has regulated the rules of the game, which we know as. Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, which has been regulated by the Civil Service Act. To be more effective in delivering the code of ethics, the code of ethics can be read together -the same on certain occasions which is sometimes followed by a discourse from a ceremonial leader called a ceremonial inspector, the intention is to create favorable moral conditions in experienced organizations and to cultivate the necessary mental attitude, as well as to create good morals. The Code of Ethics is usually read in flag ceremonies, monthly ceremonies or ceremonies anniversary of the organization concerned, and national ceremonies. In order to create a more ethical Bureaucratic Apparatus according to the above expectations, it is necessary to make efforts and training in that direction as well as to enforce strict and clear sanctions for those who violate the code of ethics regardless of their rank and position. Anyone who violates the code of ethics, whether it's superiors or subordinates, must be dealt with firmly to create a deterrent effect. Therefore, in relation to the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, it must really animate, appreciate and implement the employment rules that have been determined or set as the rules of the game for the Bureaucratic apparatus. Keywords: bureaucratic ethics, government

Training Africa: mass displays and coaches in the service of Israel’s Foreign Policy in the 1960s

ABSTRACT In the 1960s, hundreds of Israeli advisors, agricultural experts, engineers, and instructors were sent to Africa to promote Israel’s foreign policy, garner international support, win allies, and sidestep the ring of Arab hostility that surrounded Israel. The Histadrut, Israel’s largest labour union, sent many of these experts, while Hapoel, the sports association affiliated with the Histadrut, sent sports instructors who organised mass gymnastics performances in national ceremonies. Their assistance was highly appreciated by the African host governments. The paper discusses the instrumental role of sport in foreign policy, and the circumstances that led to Israel’s withdrawal of its involvement in Africa.

Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter yang Terkandung di Dalam Ritual Bersamaan Hari Kemerdekan di Pura Pucak Desa Pelapuan Kecamatan Busungbiu Kabupaten Buleleng

The purpose of this study was to describe the values ​​of character education contained in the ritual along with Independence Day at Pucak Temple Pelapuan Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. Character values ​​in the development of education are very important things to do in order to realize a better nation's civilization. At the same time, in order to strengthen the values ​​of the nation's character, it can be done in various ways in everyday life. The values ​​of the nation's character have actually been contained in almost every human behavior that lives in various regions throughout Indonesia. The most basic problem with regard to realizing the values ​​of the nation's character education is to identify them in a number of behaviors in social life. The results of research in ritual activities carried out at Pucak Temple Pelapuan Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency have shown an effort to realize the values ​​of the nation's character in relation to the implementation of Hinduism. Hindus who carry out these activities simultaneously carry out two types of activities that support each other. First, religious rituals carried out by Hindus as a form of worship to the great power who resides in the temple to ask for waranugraha in order to overcome the struggle of life. Second, Hindus who carry out religious rituals also carry out national ceremonies by singing the anthem Indonesia Raya, Menhening Cipta, and chanting Pekik Merdeka as a form of love for the Republic of Indonesia. The ritual process is associated with the theory of symbols as a form of appreciation of Hindu religious teachings using symbolic media. The implementation of these activities is associated with Value theory, which is a manifestation of the implementation of the values of the nation's character as formulated by experts.

PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA PERBATASAN ( STUDI FENOMENOLOGIS DI DESA PERBATASAM SUMATERA UTARA DAN SUMATERA BARAT )

This study aims to reveal: morals education implementation of housewives in multi-ethnic villages, provincial border areas, both in the event of grief, joy, and activities of the village government. Implementation morality of the intended housewife is the prominent behavior that is shown to others in social activities.The research methodology is a qualitative phenomenological model, with key data sources are 15 housewives aged 20 to 47 years, the instruments used are guidelines for structured interviews and observations, and data processing that starts from collecting, validating, analyzing, triangulating, and making conclusion.Research results: 1. Housewives are always vigilant in the use of daily time to be in a place of disaster, dress neatly without opening aurat, and giving donations; 2. Participating in the village program, especially national ceremonies, and village training activities in the field of creative handicrafts; 4. Developing the morals of their children by relying on the Alquran Education Park

Nation-building in Turkey through ritual pedagogy: the late Ottoman and early Turkish Republican era

ABSTRACTIn the modern world, festivals and commemorative ceremonies, national pledges, songs are all used to help students connect to each other and their wider society, particularly to the nation state and its ideals. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how such rituals were used to different ends in terms of nation-building in the Republic of Turkey. The Western-oriented identity of the Turkish Republic began to take shape during the Ottoman era, and education played a very significant role in this. This paper first introduces the educational rituals of the Otoman state to set the scene for the main discussion, which centres on the development of new rituals in the Turkish Republic. Religious and sultanic rituals were replaced by new rituals which fostered Turkish identity and promoted secular nationhood. To this end, the most effective educational rituals – national festivals, flag-raising ceremonies and Turkey’s student pledge – are examined in detail.

Culture Wars, Local Government, and the Australia Day Controversy: Insights from Urban Politics Research

ABSTRACTIn recent years, numerous Australian local councils have made headlines by deciding to cease or move the national Australia Day celebrations and citizenship ceremonies in recognition of the dispossession and trauma suffered by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Focusing on the controversial decision of Yarra City Council in Victoria to cancel its 26 January Australia Day celebration and citizenship ceremony, this article examines key issues arising from urban culture war conflicts and the policy options available to Australian local councils when faced with contentious ideological issues.

The Role and Place of Mediation in the Structural and Functional Studies of the Cycle of the Ukrainian Wedding Ceremonies

The aim of the article. The study of rituals, in particular of a family cycle, makes it possible to expand existing concepts of national culture and to deepen knowledge of how the ancestors lived and breathed and what they sought.Research Methodology. Structural and functional studies of traditional wedding ceremonies provide a broad perspective for obtaining new scientific results. The doctrine on mediation is a leading one in the structural theory and it gives grounds for its successful applying for the study of national wedding ceremonies.Results. Mediation in the structural theory is the main mechanism for provoking further action, which gives the participants an opportunity to perform the rite. The fulfillment of the mediation function in the national ceremonies of the wedding cycle is connected with the arrivals of mediator characters to the places of rites and the fulfillment of the necessary traditional ritual actions. In the rites that carry out the transition of the participants to new social statuses — engagement, wedding, tiny room — there is not one, but two media actions of various levels: classical, which reconciles the contradictions between antinomic couples and mediation, intended to provoke the course of further ritual action. Since the wedding initially divides all characters into two groups, characters from the bride’s team and the groom’s team are alternately involved in the mediation.Novelty. The study attempts to explore national rituals with the help of a struc-tural and functional method for the first time.The practical significance. The created structure of a large cycle of wedding ceremonies can contribute to further studies of traditional national rituals.Keywords: family rites, Ukrainian wedding, structural and functional method, mediation mechanism, mediator characters.

National Identity, Collective Events, and Meaning: A Qualitative Study of Adolescents’ Autobiographical Narratives of Flag Ceremonies in Finland

Although collective events are central to group identity processes, little is known about how young people experience and remember national ceremonies in which they have participated. This qualitative study analyzes 80 autobiographical narratives written by upper secondary school students about flag ceremonies from their past in Finland. The analysis reveals that the narratives fall into three categories ((Dis)honored, Deserved and Loved Flag) according to how the social context, participants’ actions, narrator’s role, and emotions are described, all of which combine to create a dense web of meanings associated with this common national ceremony. The results also indicate that different group contexts—family and peer group networks and the national context—are inextricably linked in the narratives and that the meanings associated with these contexts tend to fuse. The findings highlight the importance of analyzing national collective events and related autobiographical memories to better understand the sources of national identity’s emotional power.

Sharing values to safeguard the future: British Holocaust Memorial Day commemoration as epideictic rhetoric

This article explores the rhetoric, and mass mediation, of the national Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) commemoration ceremony, as broadcast on British television. I argue that the televised national ceremonies should be approached as an example of multi-genre epideictic rhetoric, working up meanings through a hybrid combination of genres (speeches, poems, readings), author/animators and modes (speech, music, light, movement and silence). Epideictic rhetoric has often been depreciated as simply ceremonial ‘praise or blame’ speeches. However, given that the topics of praise/blame assume the existence of social norms, epideictic also acts to presuppose and evoke common values, in general, and a collective recognition of shared social responsibilities, in particular. My methodology draws on the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, given, first, its central prominence in analysing argumentative strategies in discourse and, second, the ways it facilitates a reflexive ‘shuttling’ between text-discursive features, intertextual relations and wider contexts of society and history. Here, I examine how a catastrophic past is invoked in speech and evoked through image and music, in response to the demands that uncertainty of the future ‘places upon one’s conscience’.

Celebrations and Occasions Witnessing Fire Works in Accordance with the Mamluk Historical Sources

Fireworks is an attractive term for both eyes and ears when just uttered. There is a special kind of magic in fireworks, that term which always has strong correlation with joy and excitement. This is because it is connected with those stunning displays witnessed during throughout ages. It connects the past to the present as humanity has been enjoying its thrilling displays for quite a long while. A question mark frequently hangs over the usage of fireworks during the Mamlūk period. Did the Mamlūks really know fireworks?! Answering this question needs further searching the historical roots of fireworks during this era. This study celebrations and occasions witnessing fireworks in accordance with the Mamlūk historical sources, leaves no shadow of doubt that Mamlūks used fireworks. It tackles the historical marks of the fireworks' usage in the and occasions which took place in the Mamlūk period. Actually, fireworks played a magnificent role in religious festivals, national ceremonies, river and family celebrations. In addition, they were a means of entertainment as well as power show off during this period. الألعاب النارية تعبير يخطف الأبصار والأسماع بمجرد النطق به وذلک لارتباطه في الأذهان بالعروض الرائعة التى تشهدها السماء أثناء والمناسبات المختلفة. تعد الألعاب النارية موضوعا شيقا جديرا بالدراسة، فقد تميز بأنه من الموضوعات التي تربط الماضى بالحاضر فلا نزال نستمتع بتلک العروض الممتعة الخاصة بالألعاب النارية حتى يومنا هذا. وقد کان استخدام المماليک للألعاب النارية دائما ما يثير الدهشة ويدفع إلي التساؤل: هل عرف المماليک الألعاب النارية حقا ؟! وقد کان هذا سببا کافيا ودافعا قويا إلى البحث في الجذور التاريخية للألعاب النارية خلال العصر المملوکى . هذا وقد تضمنت هذه الدراسة وعنوانها الاحتفالات والمناسبات التي شهدت استخدام الألعاب النارية في ضوء المصادر التاريخية المملوکية، الحديث عن شتى الإشارات التاريخية الواردة عن استخدام الألعاب النارية في مختلف احتفالات ومناسبات هذا العصر. فقد کانت للألعاب النارية دورا کبيرا في الدينية والقومية بالإضافة إلى احتفالات النيل. وکذلک استخدمت في المناسبات الأسرية. وإلى جانب کونها مظهرا من مظاهر البهجة والترفيه فقد کانت کذلک وسيلة لإظهار قوة الدولة المملوکية.

Does Participation in National Commemorations Increase National Attachment? A Study of Dutch Liberation Festivals

AbstractIt is generally assumed that national commemorations have the power to increase national attachment. This is because such ceremonies highlight shared history, communicate core values, and have the potential to decrease conflicts in societies, while celebrating and mourning together enhances attachment to the group. Remarkably, only a limited number of studies have empirically studied the relation between participation in national commemorations and feelings of national attachment. Studies that have addressed this question focused mainly on the intentions of the organizing elite, employed qualitative research designs, or suffered from methodological problems such as causality. In this study, we examined participation in Dutch liberation festivals by means of survey data. We compared people's feelings of national attachment before they visited the liberation festival with people's feelings of national attachment after they visited the festival, but no evidence was found for the integrative role of national ceremonies. In the concluding section, we discuss potential reasons why the expected positive relation was not found and formulate suggestions for future research.

A Thematic Analysis of Selected Tingabisa Songs

This research work intends to categorize, classify and analyze the themes of selected Tingabisa songs that are sung by various families, clans and nations groupings during national ceremonies. Ting...

国家儀礼を契機とした景観形成―近代期における京都駅前を事例として―

本稿は，近代期における天皇の即位大礼を契機とした京都駅前の変容過程を，「景観形成」という分析視角から検討した。大正天皇の即位大礼（大正大礼）においては，京都駅前に恒久的な建造物は建設されなかった。大正大礼後には，商業的競争を通じて京都駅前に洋風建築が建設された。昭和天皇の即位大礼（昭和大礼）では，この洋風建築の建設が進展する一方で，これと対立する風致保全という景観認識が生まれた。こうして，駅前の景観をめぐる葛藤が顕在化した。昭和大礼後では，複数の主体がこの葛藤に対処する過程を通じて，駅前の景観が形成された。以上の過程から明らかになったのは次の２点である。第１に，国家儀礼を契機とした「観光都市京都」の形成過程は，調和的なものではなく，葛藤に満ちたものであった。この過程においては様々な利害が交錯し，様々な実践が空転した。第２に，このような葛藤を通じて「観光都市京都」の特異性が形成された点が明らかになった。諸主体は，この駅前の景観をめぐる葛藤に巻き込まれながら，駅前の景観形成を進展させた。その過程で，駅前には，京都という地域ゆえの特異性と評価できる景観が形成された。

The Ming Empire’s financial crisis and implement of Juanna (捐納) policy, in Wanli(萬曆) reign

In Wanli(萬曆) reign, there were 3 major military campaigns (3大征=Bobai Rebellion in NingXia(寧夏), Japanese invasion of Korea, Yang Ying Long(楊應龍) Rebellion) and uncountable natural disasters (flooding and drought) occurred around China. The Wanli Emperor (萬曆帝) gave relief or tax exemptions for people, that suffered from the natural disasters. BR In the empire’s 27SUPth/SUP year, The emperor had 2 sons born after the other. The empire’s ordered the people to bring 24 million Liang (兩) silver from Taicang warehouse (太倉庫). At that time, the Ming Empire’s total income was only about 4 milion liang silver. But they already spend over 4 milion liang silver in maintaining border military legions. Also, when Empire performed national ceremonies, they had to purchase precious treasure such as goods made from gold or jade and expensive perfumes. They spent 24 million liang silver. This amount of money was about 5 times more than their normal annual income. The Ministry of Revenue, have no way to maintain that amount of budget.BR Ming Empire had to find a source of income, in order to maintain the excessive budget. They frequently used Juanna system(捐納制). At that time Wanli Emperor used Juanna as a temporary solution, but the Ministry of Revenue thought Juanna was the most effective and best solution for this economic crisis.

Demonstrating for a Kosovo Republic in Switzerland: emotions, national identity and performance

National ceremonies are often designated as a means of crafting or strengthening the ‘national identity’ of the participants, thanks to their potentially emotional effects. This article seeks to examine in greater detail the relationship between emotions, ‘national identity’ and performance. First, it presents evidence from the literature to demonstrate the crucial role played by emotions in the process of national identification, then highlights the conditions responsible for generating these. Second, it explores these issues by adopting an oral history approach in relation to the demonstrations organised by Albanian-speaking migrants from Yugoslavia in Switzerland in the 1980s. This approach makes it possible to explore issues from the participants' own perspective. The marchers' narratives not only provide a taste of the demonstrations' excitement but also provide clues about the conditions that lead to the emotions they experienced. They are particularly insistent about locating the demonstrations within a much broader life picture.

조선시대 궁궐 후원 농경지(農耕地) 조영의 특성

본 연구는 조선시대 궁궐 내에 조성된 농경지 조영의 양상과 공간적 특성을 분석하여 유교적 농본 중심의 시대상이 궁궐 안에서 특수한 권농의 공간으로 반영되었음을 구명하고자 하였다. 대상지는 경복궁 후원, 창경궁 후원과 경복궁 신무문 밖 후원이 되며, 문헌조사를 중심으로 수행되었다. 궁궐 후원 농경지는 "농사직설"의 편찬, 친경례와 기곡제의 설행으로 대변되는 조선 통치집단의 권농정책의 연장선상에서 임금이 자신의 거주지인 궁궐 안에 한 해 농사의 풍흉을 가늠할 포지를 조성한 것이며, 국초부터 일제 강점기 직전까지 각 궁궐에서 운영되었다. 조선시대 후원 농경지 4개소에 대한 분석 결과로는 첫째, 세종 때 조성된 경복궁 후원 농경지는 현 향원지 내부에 존재하고 있었으며, 선진농법을 확인하기 위한 시험포지로 조성되었다. 성종이 조영한 창경궁 후원 농경지는 조선 최초의 친경례 직후에 조성되어 적전친경의 맥락으로 이해해 볼 수 있다. 인조는 경덕궁이 임시로 거처했던 시어소임에도 불구하고, 체류의 기간이 장기화되자 정전의 뜰을 파고 농포로 조성하였는데, 조선시대 정치사에서 후원 농경지의 비중이 매우 높았다는 것을 시사한다. 고종이 조성한 경농재 일곽의 농포는 선대의 권농행보를 계승하면서 창경궁 후원 농경지의 공간 구성을 그대로 가져온 특성을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 관수와 수체계, 관경대의 명칭, 입지에 있어서 일정한 공통점이 도출되었는데, 이는 조선시대 농본공간의 보편적 형식으로 판단하였다. 본 연구에서는 후원 농경지 외에 궁궐 내에서 내관들에 의해 관리되던 채전과 국가의 큰 제사에 쓰일 과일을 위한 궁궐 내 과수원의 운영 양상을 고찰하여 조선시대 궁궐 조경이 엄숙함, 질서정연함이나 장식성에만 치중되지 않고, 실생활에 도움이 되는 실용적 생산적 조경공간으로 존재하고 있었음을 밝힐 수 있었다. 또한 궁궐에서 왕실의 주도로 생산적 조경의 다양한 활동이 전개되고 있었고, 임금이 솔선수범하여 선진농법을 시험하였다는 점은 우리의 고유한 궁궐조경의 일면이 되며, 조선의 독자적인 궁궐문화로서 그리고 여타의 유교 국가에는 없었던 유일한 애민농본의 조경으로 보아야 할 것이다. This study aimed to investigate the Confucian-oriented agriculture phase of the Joseon Dynasty, which was reflected at the palaces, by analyzing constructional aspects and spatial characteristics of farmlands at the palace rear gardens. The objective sites were the rear gardens of Gyeongbok Palace, Changkyung Palace, and the outside of Sinmoomoon(神武門) This study was based on literature reviews. The farmlands at the palace rear garden were constructed to self-estimate the year's harvest condition within the palaces. It was a part of the agriculture encouragement policy on governing the group of Joseon like publishing the Nongsajiksul(農事直說) and establishing the Chingyeongnye(親耕禮: king's own cultivation ceremony) and Kikokje(祈穀祭: the rite of praying for grain). In addition, farmlands of the rear garden were operated from the beginning of the state almost until the Japanese colonial era. The results were summarized as follows: First, Gyeongbok Palace rear garden's farmland which begin at the reign of Sejong(世宗) existed at the present Hyangwonji(香遠池) area. It was constructed in order to check the advanced agricultural technologies. The rear garden's farmland in Changkyung Palace, which was executed during the reign of Seongjong(成宗), was constructed right after the initial Chingyeongnye of the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, it might be understood as the context of the king's own cultivation of the Jeokjeonchinkyung(籍田親耕). Injo(仁祖) dug for farmland in the ground of the Gyemgdeok Palace(慶德宮) though there was some stay palace, when his stay dragged out for too long. This bespeaks that those farmlands at the palace rear gardens were of great importance in the Joseon political history. The farmland near Gyeongnongjae(耕農齋), which was made during the reign of Gojong(高宗), inherited predecessor's walks of the promoting agriculture and exhibited spatial compositions such as the rear garden's farmland at Changkyung Palace. Secondly, irrigation, its water systems, the name of observatory to study farming[觀耕臺] and location requirements for farmland had something in common. It was assumed as universal forms of physiocracy-space in the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, by considering aspects of operating about vegetable garden managed by eunuchs and of the orchard in palace to cultivate fruits for national ceremonies, it could be assumed that landscape architecture of royal palace in the Joseon Dynasty did not only focus on solemnity, orderliness and fanciness but also on the practical and productive which was helpful in life. In addition, the diverse activities of productive landscape architecture led by the royal family in palaces, and the initiatively tested advanced agricultural technologies by the king were considered as an aspect of the Korean traditional specific royal palace landscape architecture. That is considered sole landscape not only to love of the people but also the 'agriculture-first' principle which were absent from other nations.