The National Academy of Sciences Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) Genetics Panel recommended no second-generation genetic damage study of the offspring of the atomic bombings in Japan.

Introduction. Plants of the genus Lamium possess antioxidant, hemostatic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. Their properties are due to the content of various biologically active substances (BAS), namely flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. Therefore, it is advisable to obtain extracts with increased levels of these groups of BAS. Aim. To optimize the extraction of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids from the genus Lamium plants. Materials and methods. During the study Lamii albi herba and Lamii purpurei herba , collected in the vicinity of Minsk in May 2024, Lamii maculati herba and Lamii galeobdoli herba , collected by the V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in the Volkovysk region in May 2024, were used. Quantitative determination was carried out by spectrophotometric method by reaction with aluminum chloride for flavonoids and by reaction with Arnov reagent for hydroxycinnamic acids. Results and discussion. The study optimized extraction of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids from the genus Lamium plants. It was determined that ethanol 100 % was the most effective extractant for flavonoid extraction, while 2-propanol 40 % was the most effective for hydroxycinnamic acids extraction. Conclusion. The most effective solvents and their concentrations for extraction of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids were established. The results of this study will enable the optimal extraction of beneficial components from the genus Lamium plants, which will further support the development of medicinal products using these herbal raw materials.

A brief overview of the main results obtained on the spectral-luminescence properties of triplet excitons in crystalline and glassy benzophenone is given. The studies were mainly performed at the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Brief information on the achievements in the physics of triplet excitons in organic semiconductors is also presented. The peculiarities of phosphorescence and the structure of the glassy benzophenone phase are discussed. The conditions for the existence of excitonic phosphorescence in molecular crystals are considered. The achievements of various authors in the molecular spectroscopy of triplet state have been analyzed. It is shown that among molecular crystals, benzophenone is one of the most convenient objects for studying phosphorescence and spectral properties of the triplet state of organic compounds.

ABSTRACT Background In efforts to improve replication rates across sciences, graduate student training can foster an understanding of best practices. One consideration is to identify the psychological underpinnings that motivate early-career researchers to avoid questionable research practices (QRPs) and engage in transparent research behaviors. Recent findings demonstrate efficacy by leveraging identificatory processes, or how researchers identify with ethical science. This study examined whether the extent to which individuals incorporate ethical scientific principles into their identities can motivate disinterest in QRPs. Method As part of a baseline data collection effort for a systemic ethics training program at a Carnegie R1 institute, graduate students provided initial measures assessing endorsement of scientific values as outlined by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) and the extent to which those values are part of their identity. They also reported their perceptions of the defensibility of various QRPs, and their willingness to engage in them. Results Greater endorsement of NASEM values was associated with less endorsement of QRPs. This association was mediated by inclusion of these values in one’s own identity. Results provide initial evidence for how institutes can foster psychological profiles of an ethical researcher in developing training modules for graduate students.

Background. Liver transplantation is the only treatment for patients with decompensated end-stage liver disease. Recipient portal vein thrombosis is associated with increased mortality risks both pre- and post-transplant, and is associated with higher technical complexity of the surgical procedure. The aim of this study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of vascular inflow reconstruction during liver transplantation in the setting of portal vein thrombosis. Materials and methods. From December 2019 to February 2026, 9 liver transplants were performed in recipients with portal thrombosis in the Department of liver transplantation and surgery of State institute "Shalimov's national scientific center of surgery and transplantation to National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine”. The general characteristics of the patients, the indicators of postoperative complications and mortality were studied. Results. In all cases, physiological reconstruction of the vascular venous inflow was performed, in 6 cases in the form of eversion thrombectomy from the portal vein with subsequent end-to-end anastomosis, in 2 cases – interpositional jump graft between the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein, in 1 case – reno-portal shunting. Clinically significant postoperative complications were noted in 3 recipients, 1 patient died on the 51 postoperative day from septic complications. Conclusions. Portal vein thrombosis in a potential liver recipient requires an individual and variable approach to performing venous vascular inflow reconstruction in liver transplantation based on both anatomical and physiological and hemodynamic characteristics.

We examined outcomes of a quality improvement (QI) culture implemented through Mayo Clinic Quality Academy by retrospectively reviewing data from QI projects credited from 2019 to 2024. Data analyzed included roles, member count, region, project details, priorities, financial outcomes, methodologies, and lessons learned. During the study period, Mayo Clinic Quality Academy credited 1106 projects involving 10 063 members (median, 8 members per project). Physicians participated in 52.4% of projects, allied health professionals in 83.6%, and nurses in 55.2%. Among all projects, teamwork (54.0%) and efficiency (52.8%) were the most common organizational priorities; among National Academy of Medicine priorities, efficiency was the most common (32.2%), followed by safety (20.7%) and patient-centeredness (18.9%). Model for improvement was the most prevalent QI methodology (29.2%). Most participants (93%) believed the QI project changed the way they work. Cultivating a QI culture influences health care delivery by emphasizing efficiency, teamwork, operational performance, patient outcomes, satisfaction, and financial benefits.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and low serum vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of CVD. However, their combined effect in patients with HUA has not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating vitamin D levels and CVD in patients with HUA, examine whether vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with increased CVD prevalence, and determine the correlation between low vitamin D levels and CVD severity. The study employed a cross-sectional design and included clinical data of 483 patients with HUA admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 01/09/2023 and 01/11/2024. According to the criteria by the National Academy of Medical Sciences, participants were stratified into three groups based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations: VDD group (< 12 ng/mL, n = 150), vitamin D insufficiency group (12 ng/mL ≤ 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, n = 226), and vitamin D sufficiency group (≥ 20 ng/mL, n = 107). CVD prevalence was higher in the VDD group than in the vitamin D sufficiency group (p < 0.05), and the Gensini score—which reflects the degree of coronary stenosis—was higher in the VDD group than in the vitamin D sufficiency group (p < 0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r = −0.154, p = 0.004), total cholesterol (r = −0.181, p < 0.001), triacylglycerol (r = −0.202, p < 0.001), and Gensini score (r = −0.27, p = 0.002). Logistic regression identified vitamin D (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.90–0.97], p = 0.001) and age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.03–1.09], p < 0.01) as influential factors for CVD. Among patients with HUA, those with VDD exhibited a higher CVD prevalence and greater coronary artery stenosis compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. Vitamin D status was independently associated with a reduced risk of CVD, while age with an increased risk of CVD, in patients with HUA.

Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) are essential providers in rural communities but face persistent financial challenges due to narrow operating margins and dependence on public payers. This study examines how changes in payer mix affect both overall and payer-specific profit margins in CAHs from 2011 to 2023. Using data from the National Academy for State Health Policy Hospital Cost Tool and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, we analyzed 15 819 hospital-year observations from 1384 CAHs. We estimated multivariable linear mixed-effects models with profit margin as the dependent variable and 4 payer categories (Commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and Uncompensated Care) as independent variables. Regression models included fixed year and state effects. Each percentage point increase in Medicare and Medicaid payer mix relative to Commercial payer mix was associated with a 0.10% and 0.09% point increase in overall hospital operating margin. Higher Medicare, Medicaid, and Uncompensated Care payer mixes corresponded to higher Commercial profit margins. Hospitals with high public-payer dependence may need high margins on their Commercial cases to offset losses from public payers. Policy efforts to sustain Medicaid coverage and preserve Medicare's cost-based payments are essential to the financial viability of critical access hospitals.

Understanding how professional well-being has been conceived and studied in nursing: A critical literature review.

Advanced therapies require soft skills: insights from a National Academies Working Group.

This study profiled the sprint speed of young male rugby union players in a national pathway academy, comparing different technologies for determining maximal velocity (Vmax), while also examining age-group and positional effects. Data were collected from 140 players using a 40m sprint during a single testing day. The data included anthropometric measures (age, body mass, and height), split times (10m, 20m, 30m, and 40m), maximum momentum, Vmax, and time to Vmax (tVmax), captured across three measurement systems: timing gates, local positioning systems (LPS), and foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMU). Effects were interpreted using equivalence testing. Here, regions of practical equivalence were informed by practitioner opinion of the acceptable amount of measurement error when measuring maximal speed and target change values for sprint times. Measurement comparisons showed practical equivalence only for Vmax between timing gates and LPS, suggesting they could be used interchangeably. All age-group and positional differences were not practically important with 10-m metre sprint times being practically equivalent between backs and forwards. Our findings emphasise the importance of measurement choice during speed profiling to inform speed and momentum development for young rugby players.

ABSTRACT This article examines ethics instruction in GIS and Spatial Data Science curricula. Our point of departure is the widely endorsed recommendation of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine that formal ethics education be integrated throughout data science curricula. This call resonates in our field, reflected in the recent centering of ethics within a prominent model curriculum. These developments raise two questions: What is the current state of ethics education in our field, and what strategies are available to advance it? We report on an assessment of ethics instruction in Penn State University's Online Geospatial Education program, highlighting two pedagogical approaches—guided discussion of ethics scenarios and student analysis of case studies—while noting constraints posed by the limited number of ethics scenarios and case studies. The article concludes by demonstrating an AI‐assisted method for generating ethics scenarios and case studies to expand geospatial ethics instruction.

Radon-222 ingestion from drinking water is commonly treated as a minor exposure pathway relative to inhalation of radon released into indoor air. This interpretation derives largely from the modelling framework consolidated by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS), which estimated that ingestion contributes approximately 10% of the total radon-in-water dose. However, the NAS explicitly recognised that the ingestion risk partition is governed by a poorly constrained biological parameter - the fraction of radon absorbed across the gastric wall prior to exhalation - and noted that plausible values could span up to two orders of magnitude. Because this parameter directly determines the ingestion dose coefficient, the widely cited 10% contribution represents a central estimate within a broad admissible range rather than a quantitatively constrained value. Despite this, the 90/10 partition has been embedded in subsequent international guidance without empirical narrowing of the governing biokinetic parameter. In parallel, radon-222 is excluded from total indicative dose screening frameworks for drinking water, reinforcing its marginalisation within ingestion-based assessments. The ingestion coefficient is therefore operationally stabilised in regulatory practice, while its quantitative basis remains sensitive to unresolved biological assumptions. This technical note argues that radon ingestion should not be regarded as a quantitatively resolved exposure pathway from an environmental radioactivity perspective. We show that (i) earlier assessments assigning a larger ingestion contribution remain compatible with the uncertainty bounds acknowledged by the NAS; (ii) standard ingestion models treat in-vivo decay and downstream progeny production as negligible under the same biokinetic assumptions that govern radon absorption and clearance; and (iii) radon dissolved in water functions within the uranium-238 decay chain as a transfer mechanism linking short-lived and longer-lived contributors to ingestion dose. Together, these considerations indicate that the apparent stability of the inhalation-ingestion partition reflects modelling continuity and regulatory convention more than empirical constraint.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) updated the 2019 joint clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the primary care management of asthma. This synopsis provides primary care providers with a summary of the updated 2025 recommendations regarding evaluation and management of veterans and military members with asthma. In 2024, the VA/DOD convened a guideline work group (WG), including clinical stakeholders, to update the joint VA/DOD guideline and conformed to the National Academy of Medicine's tenets for trustworthy CPGs. The WG drafted 12 key questions, reviewed systematically identified literature (20 July 2018 through 15 May 2024), evaluated the evidence, created algorithms, and advanced 21 evidence-based recommendations in accordance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. The WG strongly recommended inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and streamlined management of asthma by suggesting a combination of ICS and rapid-onset long-acting β-agonist as both reliever and controller agents and step-up therapy by increasing ICS and/or adding long-acting anticholinergic agents. The WG also supported the management of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity for better control of asthma. The WG suggested against the use of indoor air filtration devices. Finally, the WG outlined decision points for referral to a subspecialist.

Oncology is a data-rich environment reflecting the increasing incidence of cancer in the US aging population, transformation of cancer into a chronic disease due to advances in treatment, and the emergence of new data categories such as genomics. Concomitantly, healthcare systems are challenged to meet regulatory and voluntary reporting of cancer data to support government, quality certification, research and strategic partnership needs. The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop entitled "Enabling 21st-century applications for cancer surveillance through enhanced registries and beyond" with representation from NCI Comprehensive Cancer Centers, oncology and medical informatics professional societies, industry, CDC, NCI, and patient advocacy groups. The proliferation of cancer registries has resulted in heterogeneity in data vocabularies and data transport standards. Federal policy is complementing private initiatives to modernize cancer data architecture that would support a Learning Health System. However, business models are needed to provide sustained investments in data infrastructure. A computational approach to cancer registries would set the stage for interoperability and data sharing within a learning health ecosystem. Healthcare systems need to invest in their data infrastructure to improve data quality and adaptation of new data sources such as genomics and wearables. The ecosystem must evolve business models to sustain these investments.

Proceedings From the Minnesota Learning Health Systems Symposium: The Role of Academic Partnership and (De)Implementation Science.

Cognitive sequala of loneliness in long COVID: Differential associations by loneliness subtypes.

The fatty acid composition of seed lipids was studied in several sage Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) species introduced in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. A significant variation in the fatty acid content of seed lipids was observed in the species. The average content of palmitic acid was approximately 7% in all but one species, S. tomentosa Mill. (0.12%) being the only exception. Seeds of S.aethiopis L., S. sclarea L., S. deserta Schang, and S. pratensis L. were found to be rich in α-linolenic acid (>40%). The linoleic acid content ranged from 17.3% in S. aethiopis to 64% in S. officinalis L. and S. tomentosa. The proportion of fatty acids was shown to be species specific. The contribution of the genotype (species) to the variability of major fatty acids ranged from 62 to 98%; therefore, the contribution of meteorological conditions ranged 2-38%.

Annual report on the activities of the State Institution «Academician O.F. Vozianov Institute of Urology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine»

In the present paper an attempt has been made to Artificial, intelligence is growing quickly. The cybernetics was defined as a description of control and communication in living organisms and machines, by Norbert Wiener in 1948. Unfortunately, the part of living organisms is often underestimated. Recently, the initiative. A New Biology for the 21st Century of the US National Research Council of the National Academies, announced a goal of re - integration of the many sub - discipline of biology, and the integration into biology of physicists, chemists, computer scientists, engineers, and mathematicians to permit deeper understanding of biological systems. The similar aspect is expected to be a part of the next European framework Horizon 2020. Contemporary situation has to deal with two complementary issues: 1) The system theory and the artificial intelligence already produced plenty of theories, methods, and algorithms for processing and analysis of the digital (sampled and quantizied) signals, including images, to perform generous amount of possible results for given tasks. Various methods were gradually conditioned properly in specific or general way.2) On the other hand, biology (biochemistry, biophysics, systems biology) is able to generate troubling problems, which are mathematically analogous to the problems already solved in the other scientific fields. Thus, the interdisciplinary collaboration has a possibility to increase an impact of the joint solution.