Volume Percentage Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Statistical and numerical analysis of magnetic field effects on laminar natural convection heat transfer of nanofluid in a hexagonal cavity

This paper presents a statistical and numerical investigation that examines the optimization and sensitivity analysis of the unsteady laminar natural convective heat transfer flow of Fe3O4-water nanofluid in a hexagonal cavity considering the impacts of a sloping magnetic field in one-component nanofluid model. The inclined walls of the cavity are maintained at a constantly low temperature, while the bottom wall is uniformly heated. The upper wall, however, is regarded as adiabatic. The nanofluid thermal conductivity model incorporates the impact of Brownian motion. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method has been employed to solve the governing dimensionless equations. The results are provided regarding the average Nu, streamlines, and isotherms. The study uses response surface methodology to analyze the sensitivity of parameters such as the Ha, Ra, and nanoparticle volume percentage. Using a response surface policy allows for optimizing the process and identifying the most favorable circumstances to achieve the maximum thermal transfer rate. The flow pattern of the nanofluid is significantly affected by the magnetic field and its alignment. The numerical results indicate a significant rise in the average Nu as the nanoparticle volume percentage, magnetic field inclination angle, nanoparticle type factor, and Ra increase. Conversely, the Hartmann number and the nanoparticle's diameter have contrasting effects. When considering Brownian motion, the average Nu grows by 225.89 % for Ra = 106 with ϕ = 0.03 and 25.28 % for the other case. The optimal condition for heat transfer occurs when Ra = 106, Ha = 4, and ϕ =0.03 while keeping the other parameters constant.

Electromagnetic mixed convective flow of dusty hyperbolic tangent hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface: A quadratic regression analysis using RSM

This article investigates the flow dynamics of electrically conducting dusty hyperbolic tangent fluid over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat source effects. Moreover, the suspension of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and Tantalum nanoparticles in engine oil as base fluid at 300 K is considered. The flow and thermal dynamics are analysed using Xue and Hamilton Crosser's thermal conductivity models. Moreover, using various ranges, the effect of the Richardson number on forced, mixed and natural convection is examined. The governing partial differential equations of the flow model are converted into ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver BVP4C along with the shooting technique in MATLAB. The Xue model enhances the heat transfer rate by 3.55% compared to the Hamilton Crosser model ϕ1 = 0.03, ϕ2 = 0.01, R = 0.1, Q = 0.6, βt = 0.2, βv = 0.07. A moderate adjustment to the Richardson number can reduce skin friction by 0.889% in the case of forced convection. The absence of dust particles enhances the thermal and momentum boundary layer thickness. Tantalum nanoparticles outperform Al2O3 in terms of temperature and velocity. It is possible to regulate the temperature and velocity of the backflow by changing the heat source parameter and the nanoparticle volume percentage. The maximum achievable heat transfer rate in the fourth experimental run is 0.2609 when R = 2.5 and Q = 1.5 as determined by the quadratic regression analysis.

Inspection of numerical and fractional CMC and water-based hybrid nanofluid with power law and non-singular kernel: A fractal approach

A number of thermal devices might benefit from the usage of nanofluids in solar power. In this research, the idea of MHD mixed convective hybrid nanofluids including grapheme oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles with water (H2O) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as base fluids in a perpendicular channel to analyze the heat transfer of the flowing fluid with the help of recent definition of fractional derivatives namely Fractal fractional derivative. The problem is expressed as PDEs with beginning and boundary conditions, and it is analyzed analytically using the Laplace transform method. The velocity, temperature, and concentration measurements are also shown in series for their appropriate Laplace inverse. Delays in parameters like nanoparticle volume sharing rate have a significant influence on these techniques. Skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are computed for the longitudinal channel's left and right walls, and the necessary numerical results are presented in tabular format. As a result, it is discovered that the rate of heat transfer reduces as the volume percentage of nanoparticles and the Fractal time fractional value rise. Furthermore, when comparing nanofluids, water-based (H2O + GO + MoS2) hybrid nanofluids have a greater influence on governed model than (CMC + GO + MoS2)-based hybrid nanofluids.

Heat transfer in radiative hybrid nanofluids over moving sheet with porous media and slip conditions: Numerical analysis of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity

Our current numerical investigation aims to estimate the thermal transport properties of hybrid nanofluids on a moving surface that is being shrinked horizontally. The hybrid nanoparticles consist of alumina (Al2O3) and copper (Cu), suspended in water as the base fluid. The transportation phenomenon takes place in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium, which is a porous material that exhibits thermal radiation, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and the effects of velocity and thermal slip conditions. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted using suitable similarity transformations into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The equations were solved using the shooting technique with the RK-IV algorithm in the MATHEMATICA program. Dimensionless velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt numbers all provide numerical outcomes. Graphs and tables show the results of an investigation into the influence of different physical characteristics on these numbers. The velocity profile exhibits an upward trend when the velocity slip and nanoparticles volume fraction rise, but a downward trend when the viscosity and Prandtl number are varied. if the thermal slip and variable Prandtl number grow, the temperature profile falls. Conversely, if the nanoparticles volume fraction and variable thermal conductivity increase, the temperature profile increases. The skin friction and Nusselt number exhibit an upward trend as the volume percentage of nanoparticles and the viscosity of the system rise. At a Prandtl number of 6.2 and a nanoparticle volume fraction of 1 %, the Xue model demonstrates a heat transfer rate increase that is 5.32 % superior to the Yamada-Ota model and 3.18 % superior to the Hamilton-Crosser model for nanofluid. In the case of hybrid nanofluid, the Xue model exhibits a 19.01 % superiority over the Yamada-Ota model and 12.197 % superior to the Hamilton-Crosser model.

A Vertical Surface Flow Analysis of MHD Nanofluids Influenced by Radiation, Viscous Dissipation, and Joule Heating with Soret and Dufour Effects

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of radiation and activation energy on mass transfer nanofluids flowing across an expanding sheet in a vertical direction, as well as joule heating, viscous dissipation, Soret and Dufour, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. The boundary layer (BL) equations for nonlinear momentum, energy, solute, and nanoparticle volume fraction are reduced by using similarity transformations. After that, the shooting technique and bvp4c are used to numerically solve the boundary layer equations. Schmidt and Eckert’s numbers, along with Soret effects on velocity, temperature, and the volume percentage of nanoparticles, cause an increase in skin friction. Fluid temperature rises significantly with Eckert number. As the Dufour and Schmidt numbers rise, so does the local Nusselt number. A greater thermophoresis parameter, enhanced skin friction, and an increased Schmidt number.

Entropy analysis of Hall effect with variable viscosity and slip conditions on rotating hybrid nanofluid flow over nonlinear radiative surface

PurposeWith possible uses in engineering and industrial processes, this work aims to further our knowledge of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in complicated flow configurations. This study looks at how Al2O3−Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluids move across a nonlinear radiative 3D unsteady surface. It tries to figure out what happens when the Hall current, variable viscosity, viscous dissipation, velocity and thermal slip conditions work together. The goal of this analysis is to provide insight into the system's thermodynamic behavior and the ways in which these elements affect the flow's entropy generation. MethodologyThe controlling system is converted into nonlinear nondimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) by applying suitable non-similar transformations. In this work, the governing equations are simulated using the local non-similarity (LNS) approach up to the second truncation level using the numerical technique bvp4c in MATLAB. FindingsThe temperature, velocity, entropy production, skin friction in both directions, and Nusselt number profiles of the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are detailed in many figures. The tabular form contains the results of computing the local Nusselt number for linear, nonlinear, and radiation-free scenarios. The velocity profiles in both directions and the temperature profile grow as the rotation parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter increase. Conversely, the velocity profiles drop when the variable viscosity parameter falls, while the temperature profile increases. When the unsteadiness parameter A is set to 0.5 and the nanoparticle volume fraction is 1%, hybrid nanofluid has 4.26% lower x-direction skin friction than nanofluid and 3.62% greater y-direction friction. When the unsteadiness parameter A = 0.5 and the nanoparticle volume percentage is 1%, a hybrid nanofluid has a 2.77% higher Nusselt number than a nanofluid. The generation of entropy was also enhanced by an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles, radiation, temperature ratio, and Brinkman number. We evaluate and contrast the results of this study with those of earlier research.

Thermal analysis of the water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow comprising diamond and copper nanomaterials past an extending surface

This research demonstrates that hybrid nanofluids are superior to traditional fluids in terms of their capacity to transmit heat. An intensive investigation of hybrid nanofluids is needed to fill gaps in knowledge of heat transmission improvement methods. Therefore, scientists and researchers are combining different solid particles in various base fluids to boost the material's thermal conductivity. That's why the author has combined diamond and copper nanoparticles in a water solvent to examine the two-dimensional, steady, and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid micropolar nanofluid flow over a permeable extending surface through the porous media. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model is used to assess the heat and mass diffusion occurrences in temperature and concentration distributions. The similarity transformations are used to convert the PDEs along with their related boundary constraints into a set of nonlinear ODEs. A semi-analytical method known as HAM is used with the help of MATHEMATICA software to perform an analytical analysis on the set of nonlinear ODEs. The impacts of many important factors on the velocity, microrotation, thermal, and concentration functions are demonstrated through graphs and discussed in detail. The study results demonstrate that velocity distribution is a declining function of the magnetic field and porosity parameter. The magnetic field, Brownian motion, heat source, thermophoresis, and radiation parameters have positively influenced the thermal profile, while the thermal relaxation parameter has a negative influence on it. Nanoparticle volume fraction improves the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Heat transfer and skin friction are both amplified by the magnetic field. The skin-friction coefficient improves with an increase in the permeability parameter and the volume percentage of nanoparticles. Also, nanoparticles volume fraction enhances the mass transfer rate. Hybrid nanofluids have superior thermal characteristics over regular fluids.

Effect of magnetic field and key parameters values on natural convection and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid in a corrugated enclosure

This work enlightens the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convective hydrothermal scenario and entropy generation analysis in a corrugated enclosure filled with MoS2–SiO2–water hybrid nanofluid. Three discrete uniform heaters are kept fixed to the enclosure bottom wall. The enclosure top wall and the remaining parts of its bottom wall are isothermally cooled. The enclosure has adiabatic vertical walls. A higher-order compact (HOC) finite difference technique is used to determine the solutions to the dimensionless governing equations. To demonstrate the accuracy of the mathematical model, experimental and numerical verifications are accomplished. The numerical investigation is accomplished for Rayleigh number ( Ra = 10 4 − 10 6 ), aspect ratios of heater length ( AR = 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 , 0.8 ), nanoparticle volume percentage ( ϕ = 0 − 4 % ), and Hartmann number ( Ha = 0 − 120 ). The numerical outcomes are presented and studied by means of isotherms, streamlines, and the average Nusselt number. Furthermore, local entropy generation resulting from heat transmission, fluidic friction, and magnetic field, along with overall entropy formation and Bejan number are analyzed. This study reveals that the aspect ratio AR = 0.2 enhances the convective flow process at Ra = 10 6 , even when a magnetic field is present. The heat transfer rate increases as a function of the Rayleigh number, while it exhibits a decreasing trend with the aspect ratio of heater length and Hartmann number. Total entropy generation reduces as the Hartmann number and aspect ratio of heater length increase. Bejan number graphs show a reverse pattern as compared to total entropy generation. It has been noted that an increase in the Hartmann number from 0 to 120 decreases the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation by 19.77 and 46.63%, respectively, for AR = 0.2 , Ra = 10 6 , and ϕ = 4 % .

Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Nanofluid Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Corrugated Enclosure with an Inner Conducting Block

Current work deals with a numerical analysis of convective heat transfer and entropy generation inside a rectangular cavity with a corrugated bottom filled with MoS2–SiO2-water hybrid nanofluid. Here, a conducting solid body is attached to the top wall, and discrete heaters are attached to the bottom wall of the cavity. The numerical solutions of the governing equations are derived utilizing a higher-order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme and validated with the existing computational and experimental results. Present numerical results are then studied in detail, emphasizing isotherms, streamlines, and local entropy generation with respect to specific parameters like Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the volume percentage of nanoparticles (0% ≤ Φ ≤ 4%), the thermal conductivity of solid body (1.95 ≤ ks ≤ 16.00) as well as the aspect ratio of heater length (AR = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The impacts of key factors on the Bejan number, average Nusselt number, and overall entropy generation are also investigated. The results show that an increase in the thermal conductivity of the solid body from 1.95 to 16.00 increases the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation by 9.17% and 40.07%, respectively, for AR = 0.2, Ra = 106, and Φ = 4%. In addition, the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation decrease by 59.11% and 61.99%, respectively, for ks = 16.00, Ra = 106, and Φ = 4% when the aspect ratio of heater length increases to 0.8.

Thermal characteristics of MHD [formula omitted] water nanofluids flow past a stretching/shrinking wedge in the view of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

Wedge flow has a variety of potential uses, including thermal systems, geothermal power plants, aerodynamics and cooling of nuclear power plants. In this framework, the modified Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is implemented to examine the thermal characteristics in the dissipative flow of a viscous nanoliquid over a shrinking/stretching wedge. The laminar and two-dimensional flow of CoFe2O4/ water over a wedge domain is scrutinized. The self-similar solutions using bvp4c together with the stability analysis are estimated to demonstrate the physical existence of first and second solutions under relevant parameters used in the study. The findings reveals that the reverse flow phenomena, the novel form of decreasing flow exhibits physical existence which is significantly different from those in the stretching flow scenario. Thermal relaxation has a substantial impact on energy flux, which results in oscillatory heat conduction with a narrower temperature. When the volumetric friction of nanoparticles grows from 0.0 to 0.02, the local skin friction coefficients rises. The upper branch elucidation is stable and physically realistic, while the second branch solution is imaginary and having no physical existence. The rise and fall in temperature and velocity is perceived with suction parameter. However, the dropping of velocity is seen with the nanoparticle volume percentage.

Fourth-grade nanofluid model with dissipative and nonlinear radiative properties transported peristaltically via a flexible diverging duct holding a porous media under the influence of concentration and heat convection in an induced magnetic field

The major goal of this work is to give a thorough examination of the effect of double diffusion convection (DDC) in addition to a generated magnetic field on peristaltic movement of fourth-grade nanofluid across a vertical sophisticated asymmetrical microchannel using a nondeformable porous media as a basis for intricate pumping systems inspired by biological processes for hazardous waste. The mathematical formulas pertaining to flow, heat/mass transfer under the influence of viscous dissipation, nonlinear heat radiation, and Joule heating were developed using Buongiorno’s framework for nanofluids with combining the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics. Mathematical analysis has been conducted under the suppositions of an extended wavelength and a relatively small Reynolds number. Magnetic field induced axially, density of current, magnetic force function, thermal characteristics, nanoparticles proportion gradient, an additional stress tensor, pressure gradient, and stream function are all given explicit formulas. The constructed function (ND Solve function) within the Wolfram software (Mathematica) is employed to computationally resolve the ensuing system of coupled nonlinear differential equations. Numerical and pictorial evidence is presented to highlight the significance of different physiological characteristics of flow volumes. Further, contour visualizations and circulation bolus have been used to highlight the trapping phenomena, one of among the most noteworthy peristaltic motion occurrences. The main results showed that, despite the dissolvent concentration and the volume percentage of nanoparticles having the opposite effects, the resistance of a substance to heat is shown to climb as the Soret and Dufour numbers rise. At larger levels of the electromagnetic Reynolds number, Strommer’s number, electric field parameter, and thermal Grashof number, stronger axial induced magnetic fields (IMFs) are also provided.

Magneto-Stefan blow enhanced heat and mass transfer flow in non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear elongated surface

The present article explores the flow and heat transfer properties of a non-Newtonian ternary nanofluid over a nonlinear stretched surface by considering magnetic, chemical reaction, and Stefan blow effects. The ternary nanoliquid considered here are of three distinct nanoparticles such as Ag, MoS2, and SiO2 due to their high thermal conductivity, thermal stability and lubricating particles each dispersed in a base fluid (H2O). Using similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the flow, heat transfer, and nanoparticle concentration distribution are turned into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In order to deal with this system, the shooting strategy is utilized – a numerical method renowned for its efficacy in solving nonlinear boundary value problems. Furthermore, the effects of critical parameters such as the Jeffrey parameters, magnetic field strength, Stefan blow parameter, and nanoparticle volume percentage on flow and heat transmission characteristics are comprehensively investigated. It is observed that the velocity field augments when Stefan blow parameter Sb > 0 (mass blowing) and reduces when Sb < 0(mass suction). It is noteworthy to observe that an increase in the Prandtl number (Pr) corresponds to a decrease in the temperature field. The findings of this research possess the potential to provide practical ramifications in diverse technical, biomedical, and industrial sectors, including but not limited to polymer processing and nanomaterial creation. These findings hold significant value in situations where precise control of fluid flow and heat transfer is essential for maximizing overall performance and efficiency.

MHD unsteady flow of carbon nanotubes over nonlinear radiative surface with anisotropic slip conditions: computational analysis of irreversibility for Yamada-Ota model

In this study, the Yamada-Ota model is used to look for an analysis of irreversibility when there is nonsymmetric magnetohydrodynamic flow inside a nanoliquid made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) across an unsteady three-dimensional stretching surface. In this investigation, both single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) are considered, as they are both suspended in a water solution. Anisotropic slip conditions, nonlinear thermal radiation, and an induced magnetic field are all accounted for in the model. The PDEs are changed into a group of nonlinear Equations using the non-similarity transformations and then solved by using the BVP4c program in MATLAB. The effects of important parameters like magnetic field strength, unsteadiness, nanoparticle volume fraction, slip conditions and nonlinear thermal radiation are also looked at. Increasing the nanoparticle volume percentage results in a greater velocity field for SWCNTs than for MWCNTs. The profile of entropy production exhibits an upward trend in relation to the parameters Φ, M , Br, Rd and θ w , however, it has a downward trend in relation to the parameter α. The Bejan number profile shows an upward trend in the concentration of α, while showing a decline in the cases of Φ, M , Br, Rd and θ w .

Scrutinization using both numerical and analytical techniques for Darcy Forchheimer flow in the gyrotactic microorganism of nanofluid over a rotating disk

The current investigation explores the impact of Darcy Forchheimer’s flow of nanofluid due to a spinning disk with slip conditions and microorganisms. The mechanism of fluid flow over a rotating disk incorporates the theoretical as well as the practical interest of it in applied sciences and engineering. Energy and mass transport equations are produced with thermal radiation and chemical reactions. The modeled couple of nonlinear PDEs are simplified to the system of ODEs using the self-similar solution. Analytical solutions are found for the resulting nonlinear ODEs using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) technique, while numerical solutions are found using ND-solve and bvp4c. The convergent of the series solution is investigated. The graphical evaluation of prospective parameters encompasses the examination of their consequences on several factors, including the velocity profile, temperature profile, volume percentage of nanoparticles, and profile of microorganisms. The occurrence of radiation parameter, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion effects is commonly observed to contribute to the augmentation of heat transfer. We computed the percentage result in numerical as well as analytical study. The utilization of the provided observations can effectively contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer devices, centrifugal compressors, internal combustion engines, and microbial fuel cells.

IMPORTANCE OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MODELS IN ANALYZING HEAT TRANSFER OF RADIATIVE HYBRID NANOFLUID ACROSS A STRETCHING SHEET USING DARCY-FORCHHEIMER FLOW

Hybrid nanofluids' enhanced thermal efficiency has important applications in many fields of industry and engineering. The goal of this study is to find out how different thermal conductivity models affect important factors in the Darcy-Forchheimer flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid made of Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; - Cu and water across a moving surface that can let some fluid pass through it. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermal radiation, joule heating, and viscous dissipation are all included in the study. Partial differential equations (PDEs) are made more manageable by reducing them to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via a similarity transformation. After that, Mathematica’s shooting technique and the Runge-Kutta algorithm are used to numerically solve these ODEs. The study analyzes the effects of key factors on the major physical quantities of interest and presents the findings graphically and tabularly. The research also shows that differing thermal conductivity models lead to significantly varied average Nusselt values. The rate of heat transmission improves with the addition of (&amp;phi;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and S. The Xue model in the hybrid nanofluid shows a 0.7&amp;#37; increase in heat transfer rate compared to the nanofluid, while the Maxwell model shows a 0.64&amp;#37; increase and the Yamada-Ota model shows a 1.01&amp;#37; increase. Importantly, for all the considered models of thermal conductivity, the research shows that the average Nusselt number increases linearly with the nanoparticle volume percentage. Finally, the data shows that the Yamada-Ota model consistently produces far higher average Nusselt values than the other models.

Numerical study using hybrid nanofluid to control heat and mass transfer in a porous media: Application to drying of building bricks

This paper?s main objective is to perform a numerical analysis of the heat and mass transfer that occurs during the mixed convective drying of porous walls containing hybrid nanofluid. The porous wall, used to dry the brick, is positioned in a vertical channel and has three different phases: a solid phase, a hybrid nanofluid phase, and a gas phase. In order to accomplish this, we created a 2-D code using COMSOL Multiphysics to resolve the equations relating mass, momentum, species, and energy. The impact of various parameters, including ambient temperature, initial hybrid nanofluid saturation, and nanoparticle volume percent, on heat and mass transmission was examined after this numerical code?s validity. As the volume percentage of nanoparticles rises, it is discovered that the temperature of the porous medium is significantly lowered. The heat and mass transfer of the water-Al2O3-MgO hybrid nanofluid has been discovered to be much less than that of pure water and the water-Al2O3-SiO2. As the ambient temperature rises, it takes less time for the second phase to dry.

Anomalous enhancement of energy transfer using two-phase hybrid nanofluid across an elongational sheet with binary chemical species on the sheet surface

The Tiwari-Das nanofluid model has a serious anomaly, while estimating the mass and energy transport rates. Due to the absence of clear correlations and the fact that desirable parameters fluctuate with the characteristics of nanofluids, make it unable for precise predictions. To overcome on this dispute the Tiwari-Das model is coupled with Buongiorno's theory in the current model. The Eyring-Powell fluid with suspended Zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron (Fe2O3) keeping different volume percentage of nanoparticles are used to create a fluid mixture. The flow originates due to stretching sheet. The flow is subjected to upright Lorentz forces, while binary chemical species are consider on the sheet surface and far field. Furthermore, the ratio, reaction diffusion and frictional dissipation are also considered. The dimensionless governing equations are reduced to first order employing shooting mechanism and solved computationally using RK-4 approach. The outcomes for frictional coefficient, energy and mass transfer rate of hybrid nanoparticles and chemical species are reviewed using various statistical charts. From the computational outcomes for drag coefficient, we can adjudged that the frictional coefficient diminished on escalating fluid primary parameter and magnetic number. Increased percentage of nanoparticles, also detract the frictional coefficient. The mechanism of slip for nanoparticles are encouraging for energy transfer. The enhancement of energy and mass is significant with diffusion ratio parameter Nbt. The influence of Lewis number is diminishing function of mass transport rate. The effect of homogenous reaction is encouraging for mass transport, while the heterogeneous and Schmidt number are diminishing.

Heat transfer in a non-isothermal walled square closed space filled with ternary hybrid nanofluids

The application of hybrid nanoparticles with the purpose of enhancing thermal processes is an important technology that could have ramifications for a wide range of interventions used in a variety of industries. In this research paper, the impact of a ternary hybrid type nanofluid on heat energy transfer and free convection flow in a square closed space is explored using numerical simulations with different wall conditions. The wall at the bottom side of the closed space is heated uniformly, the vertical wall at the left side is linearly heated or uniformly heated, and the vertical wall at the right side is either linearly heated or cooled, while the wall at the top is thermally insulated. The equations controlling the flow and heat energy transfer are resolved using the finite element method with quads and triangles as elements. With varying values of nanoparticle volume percentage and Rayleigh number, numerical results for the mean Nusselt numbers of various fluids are analysed in detail, along with the profiles of streamlines and isotherms.

Theoretical Examination of the Volume Concentration and Nanoparticles Density Influence on the Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nanofluid in 2D Cavity Including the Square Heater

Nanofluid is one of the solutions of heat transfer, which can apply in devices fields as nuclear power, Nano-electronics systems, and solar fluid heating. In this work, the natural convection of Cuwater nanofluid is examined using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) as a mesoscopic approach. The main objectives of this work are to study the performance and pattern of Cu-water nanofluid and to demonstrate that the nanofluids behave differently while improving their energy transfer compared to pure fluids. The set goal was achieved by solving the tasks: based on the streamlines and isotherms profiles to demonstrate how the convection process and temperature gradients improve. Also, conducting study on heat transfer of nanofluid by calculate the Nusselt number. Depending on the nanoparticle volume percentage, the Grashof number Gr , and the hot obstacle have a significant impact on the convection flow and rate of heat transfer. The most important result is the enhancement of heat transfer with the increasing of volume fraction for a particular Grashof number, also it improves with the rising of Grashof number for a particular nanoparticles volume fraction. Therefore, the aspect ratios of the enclosure have played a significant part in Nusselt number variation. In addition, we found that the Nusselt number avg Nu is higher in the case of cavity without hot obstacle more than for cavity with hot obstacle, so the heat transfer improves in the case of cavity without hot obstacle. The significance of the obtained results consists that the nanofluid is one of the ways to improve heat transfer due to its specific characteristics and properties.

Exploration of motion of methanol experiencing alumina and silica nanoparticles with emphasis on multiple solutions

There is an increasing industrial demand to improve the thermal characteristics of fluids as they flow over stretching/shrinking and rotating surfaces. Heat transfer liquids, thermal exchangers, and coolants in electronics are examples of applicable applications. The thermal transport characteristics of hybrid nanofluids are improved by the inclusion of composite nanoparticles. Because the hybrid nanofluids can improve thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids. However, several investigations are still needed to fully comprehend its features. Hence, this study investigates the fluid flow and thermal transport properties of thermally radiated hybrid alumina-silica/methanol nanofluid in a three-dimensional domain through a permeable porous shrinking surface. The hybrid nanofluid flow model of PDEs is transformed into ODEs by using similarity conversion, which is then numerically solved in MATLAB using the bvp4c solver. The characteristics of hybrid nanofluid velocity, thermal distribution, friction drag, and heat transport rate are graphically depicted for various physical flow parameters. The outcomes reveal that the range of first and second solutions can be augmented by increasing nanoparticle volume percentage. Furthermore, the results suggest that increasing the suction parameter can improve the effective heat transfer performance of the hybrid nanofluid whereas thermal radiation and heat source/sink parameters have no effect on delaying the boundary layer separation.