Composite Nanofibers Research Articles

Significantly Boosted High-Temperature energy storage of polyetherimide film induced by BaTiO3/Al2O3/Ag composites nanofibers

Decoding of contact number among carbon nanofibers in polymer composites: A new insight to govern electron transfer through tunneling zones

Fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes for wastewater treatment

Mechanically strong and tough polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin organohydrogel fibers doped by tannic acid coated carbon nanotubes with high conductivity for dual-sensing of strain and temperature.

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes and barium Titanate reinforced PVA electrospun composite nanofibers for energy storage applications in electrical devices

Electrospun nanofibers of pea protein isolate: Effects of cold plasma treatment on structural, thermal, mechanical, and bioactive release characteristics.

The 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers loaded with Ag-TiO2: Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties for water pollution remediation

Rational design of integrated nanoscale separator-electrode architecture from polyacrylonitrile/starch/polyvinylpyrrolidone ternary nanofiber composites for high-performance supercapacitors

Fish-scale-inspired multifunctional superhydrophobic nanofiber composites with hierarchical conductive networks for high-performance strain sensors

Flexible photo-responsive nanofiber composites coupled triboelectric-photovoltaic effect for energy harvesting

Solid tumors are susceptible to recurrence due to residual cells persisting postresection, with surgical margin residues posing particular significance. Current adjuvant therapies for preventing recurrence often lack specific targeting capability for the surgical wound site and require repeated administrations, leading to suboptimal efficacy and systemic side effects. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite nanofibers embedded with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens were fabricated via electrospinning. This technique harnesses aggregation-enhanced fluorescence, which could produce second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence and enable photothermal therapy. When implanted at resection sites as a biodegradable patch, the system enables repeated NIR-II fluorescence-guided photothermal treatments, eradicating residual microtumors and thereby reducing recurrence risk. This "single-implant multitherapy" strategy provides a novel approach to postoperative management.

This study investigates the effect of boric acid (BA) loading on the structure and properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone–potassium iodide (PVP-KI) composite nanofibers. Nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning 7 wt% PVP solutions in ethanol with different BA contents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed nanoscale fiber formation, with optimized parameters reducing bead defects. Structural characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC. T Electrical conductivity, measured by the four-point probe method, ranged from 4.5 × 10−5 to 3.5 × 10−³ S/cm. Mechanical tests revealed that BA incorporation affected crosslinking and flexibility. Systematic evaluation showed that BA significantly influenced morphology, conductivity, and mechanical performance. The enhanced conductivity and flexibility of BA-loaded nanofibers highlight their potential for smart textile applications.

Niclosamide, a well-known anthelmintic drug used against parasitic infections, has gained attention for its potent anticancer and antibacterial activity. However, the use of niclosamide remains limited due to its highly hydrophobic nature and low systemic bioavailability. To address these limitations, we developed a biocompatible drug delivery system to combat the challenges of niclosamide usage. We fabricated niclosamide-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composite nanofibers and investigated their anticancer and antibacterial applications. Here, PEO enhances drug diffusion and bioavailability, while PCL provides biodegradability and controlled drug release properties. Four different compositions of PEO-PCL nanofibers were synthesized and infused with niclosamide. The synthesized nanofibers were thoroughly characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, confirming successful drug incorporation. To test the functionality of fabricated nanofibers, we examined the antibacterial properties using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC). Interestingly, these nanofibers have a significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) but not against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), suggesting selective action. Furthermore, we assessed the anticancer potential of drug-loaded nanofibers in HeLa cells using a cell cytotoxicity assay. A marked decrease in cell viability was observed when the cells were treated with niclosamide-loaded nanofibers. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that niclosamide-loaded PEO-PCL nanofibers are a promising and efficient drug delivery system with potential applications in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies.

In this study, the electrospinning technique was employed to encapsulate mountain germander (MG) polyphenolic extract into pullulan/zein (PUL:ZE) delivery systems stabilized with sunflower lecithin. The rheological and physical properties of the pullulan (PUL), PUL:ZE, and zein (ZE) polymer solutions were evaluated to assess their electrospinnability potential. Fabricated nanofibers were then characterized for their morphology, physicochemical, and thermal properties, as well as encapsulation efficiency and simulated in vitro digestion. The elastic component of the polymer solution, quantified by the Deborah number, showed a strong correlation with nanofiber diameter (r = 0.75). FT-IR spectra confirmed the role of sunflower lecithin as a mediator in the formation of hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions among PUL, ZE, and polyphenols. The circular dichroism spectra confirmed the influence of the MG extract on the change in the secondary conformation of the protein structure. The PUL:ZE delivery matrix proved to be suitable for the retention of phenylethanoid glycosides (encapsulation efficiency > 73%). The formulation 50PUL:50ZE was found to have the highest potential for prolonged release of polyphenols under gastrointestinal in vitro conditions. These findings propose a water-based electrospinning approach for designing polyphenolic delivery systems stabilized with lecithin for potential applications in active food packaging or nutraceutical products.

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan/LaB6 fiber nanocomposites: Synergistic enhancement of thermal, surface, dielectric, and bioactive properties.

Non-healing wounds present significant challenges to patients and healthcare systems, often causing infections and chronic pain due to impaired self-regeneration. Zinc (Zn) shows promise in biomedical applications, particularly wound healing, as its degradation releases Zn2+ ions that enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and antimicrobial activity. These properties make Zn ideal for bioresorbable wound dressings, scaffolds, and tissue repair coatings. This study aimed to incorporate metallic Zn particles into electrospun nanofiber meshes of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and PLGA/chitosan (PLGA–CH) and evaluate their wound healing potential. We electrospun polymer–Zn nanoparticle mixtures to fabricate composite fibrous meshes. We assessed Zn's impact on scaffolds' physical, chemical, and biological properties, including fiber morphology, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and Zn2+ release. Results showed Zn influences PLGA's physical properties without altering chemical composition. Zn-containing meshes released Zn2+ ions in a dose-dependent manner. Biological evaluations using 3T3 fibroblasts over three days revealed fiber composition-dependent cytotoxicity, with certain compositions supporting cell proliferation, suggesting potential for tissue remodelling. Given PLGA and chitosan's biocompatibility and biodegradability, incorporating Zn into composite nanofiber meshes presents a promising approach for wound healing and tissue engineering applications.

Human gut microbiota (GM) is essential for gut health, and its dysbiosis is associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and cancers. Natural GM modulators, including probiotics, bioactive phytochemicals, and peptides, have shown great potential in restoring microbial balance. However, their effectiveness is limited by stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery to the gut. Protein-based micro- and nano-transporters have recently emerged as innovative platforms capable of overcoming these delivery barriers and improving the therapeutic performance of natural GM modulators. Here, we critically review the design strategies, functional performance, and therapeutic outcomes of various protein-based carriers, including composite hydrogels, stimuli-responsive microgels, targeted nanocomplexes, mucoadhesive microcapsules, and electrospun nanofibers. Furthermore, we discuss how these advanced systems ameliorate gut dysbiosis, modulate immune responses, enhance intestinal barrier integrity, and promote beneficial microbial growth. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for clinical translation are outlined. Overall, this review aims to provide a mechanistic and practical foundation for the development of next-generation protein-based transporters for microbiota-targeted therapies.

Herein, an advanced conductivity model for polymer-carbon nanofiber (CNF) samples is introduced, stated as PCNFs. This model considers the length (l), radius (R) and amount of CNFs, interphase depth, percolation onset (PT), waviness, network portion, and tunneling length (d), by reasonable and meaningful equations. The proposed model is verified through the measured conductivity of samples and by studying the features’ influences on the PCNF conductivity. The model calculations display respectable fitting with the experimented facts from numerous CNF samples. Additionally, all factors sensibly affect the conductivity of PCNFs. Longer and thinner CNFs, higher CNF amount, thicker interphase, shorter tunnels, and lower percolation onset lead to higher conductivity in PCNF. R > 50 nm and l < 15 μm produce an insulative composite, but the top conductivity of 0.21 S/m is displayed at R = 10 nm and l = 25 μm. Accordingly, narrower and bigger nanofibers can improve the conductivity. Furthermore, an insulative material is produced by PT = 0.04 nm and d > 5 nm, nevertheless the conductivity maximizes to 0.25 S/m at the least values of PT = 0.01 nm and d = 2 nm. These results disclose that the lowest percolation onset and narrowest tunnels yield the highest conductivity in the composite.

Abstract This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of advanced polymeric composite electrospun nanofibers (NFs) containing magnetic oxide nanoparticles (NPs). By leveraging the method of electrospinning, the research aims to investigate polymer composites with enhanced interfacial properties, improved double-layer capacitance, and adequate biocompatibility. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) NFs embedded with Fe₂O₃ and MnZn-Ferrite NPs were comprehensively characterized using advanced techniques, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and alternating gradient field magnetometry. The incorporation of metal oxide NPs led to significant changes in the thermal, spectroscopic, and morphological properties of the NFs. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed increased oxidation, graphitic carbon content, and the formation of new nitrogen functionalities after heat treatment. Furthermore, interactions between nitrile groups and metal ions were observed, indicating the influence of nanoparticles on surface chemistry. Magnetic characterization demonstrated the potential of these composite NFs to generate magnetic fields for biomedical manipulation. Cytocompatibility studies revealed no significant impact on the viability or morphology of human mesenchymal stromal cells, highlighting their biocompatibility. These findings suggest the promising use of PAN-magnetic NFs in applications including targeted drug administration, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment. Graphical abstract

Janus-Structured Polyimide Composite Nanofiber Membrane Enabling Integrated Radiative Cooling, Thermal-Shock Resistance, and Thermal Insulation for Efficient Thermal Management in Complex Environments