Nano-sized Oxide Research Articles

Improved cytotoxic and optical characteristics of silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles on human liver cancer cells

The unique properties of nano-sized metal oxide particles differ from those of their bulk counterparts, and they have numerous biomedical applications, particularly in innovative cancer treatments involving Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. This study utilized Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), with Ag concentrations ranging from 5% to 20%, to assess their cytotoxicity on human liver cancer cells (HepG2). Characterization results revealed that the doping of Ag did not alter the brookite and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs, although the band gap decreased as the doping concentration increased. In addition, the cytotoxic activity was improved with high doping levels which are owing to enhanced optical factor. The findings recommend that Ag-doped TiO2 NPs encourage cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells.

Toxicological insights into graphene family materials: Cytochrome P450 modulation and cellular stress in liver cells.

Graphene family materials (GFM), including pristine graphene (GN), graphene oxide (GO), and nano-sized graphene oxide (nGO), are increasingly utilized across industrial, environmental, and biomedical domains. Despite their potential benefits, the hazardous effects of GFM, particularly on liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and cellular functions, are not fully understood. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) are enzymes conserved across species, which play a crucial role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, drugs, environmental pollutants, and endogenous compounds, are key to understanding the biotransformation and detoxification processes impacted by GFM. This study investigates the effects of GFMs on CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4) in a recombinant CYP system and HepG2 liver cells, alongside an assessment of cellular stress responses. In HepG2 cells, GFMs induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, and cytotoxicity, with GN causing the most pronounced effects. GO exhibited the strongest inhibition of CYP enzymatic activity, particularly CYP1A2, in a dose-dependent manner in a recombinant CYP system. None of the tested nanomaterials significantly altered CYP expression, except for nGO, where a slight increase in CYP3A4 protein expression was observed. These findings highlight the significant influence of GFM physicochemical properties on their hazardous potential, especially their ability to disrupt metabolic processes and induce cellular stress. This study emphasizes the critical need for evaluating the safety of GFM in light of their widespread application and potential environmental and human health implications.

Development of a Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Quantification of Acetaminophen Traces onto Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Black Carbon and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 Nano-Sized Particles

Recently, the development of an advanced electrochemical sensor has received tremendous attention in the field of drug monitoring. The La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (LSCF) nano-sized oxides were synthesized by a simple sol-gel citrate method, modified with black carbon (BC) and prepared as a carbon paste electrode (CPE) for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCM) traces presence in PBS electrolyte through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as sensing techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ferrocyanide test were characterization techniques. The calculated crystallite size d, was found to be 208.317 nm by XRD and 65.05 nm by SEM analysis. In conclusion, the modified prepared sensor LSCF/BC/CPE demonstrates a very satisfactory response, sensitivity, and selectivity towards PCM molecules compared with literature with a very low detection limit of 36 nM, high sensitivity of 75 µA.µM−1.cm−2, with a wide linear range from 0.1 µM to 180 µM by DPV technique. The modified LSCF/BC/CPE sensor demonstrated excellent results in the real pharmaceutical sample with a very good recovery of 94.56 % and a satisfactory relative standard deviation of 3.26 %.

Preparation and Adsorption of Nano-sized Manganese Oxide from Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Walnut Shell Reducing Agent

Preparation and Adsorption of Nano-sized Manganese Oxide from Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Walnut Shell Reducing Agent

Preparation of Nano-sized Magnesium Oxide by Electrospinning Technique and Its Adsorbability to Methylene Blue

Preparation of Nano-sized Magnesium Oxide by Electrospinning Technique and Its Adsorbability to Methylene Blue

High-power ultrasonic spot welding of copper to type 304L austenitic stainless steel

The demand for a robust welding technique capable of joining copper and steel is driven by their extensive application across various industrial sectors. Addressing the limitations of current welding methods, this study explores the effectiveness of ultrasonic welding in joining commercially pure copper to type 304L stainless steel. The effects of different welding parameters on the characteristics of the welded joints were investigated. The results demonstrate the successful welding of the two metals without inserting an interlayer despite the metallurgical immiscibility of copper and iron. The interfacial bond density and the joint strength were found to increase with the applied welding energy. A joint strength of approximately 80% of the base copper strength was obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis unveiled a well-bonded interface with excellent continuity between the two metals. A diffusion layer containing nano-sized chromium-rich oxide or intermetallic compound particles was observed. It was noticed that copper penetrated the partially disrupted chromium-rich oxide layer reaching and developing intimate contact with the newly uncoated stainless steel surface. A synergy of mechanical interlocking and solid-state metallurgical adhesion was revealed for the bonding mechanism in addition to potential metallurgical interactions at the interface.

Investigation of the Tribological Effects of Nano-Sized Transition Metal Oxides on a Base Oil Containing Pour Point Depressant and Viscosity Modifier

This study investigates the tribological effects of nano-sized metal oxides (ZrO2, CuO, Y2O3 and TiO2) in Group III type base oil containing 0.3% pour point depressant (PPD) and 5% viscosity modifier (VM) to enhance friction and wear performance. The homogenized lubricant samples with varying concentrations of oxide nanoparticles (0.1–0.5 wt%) on a linear oscillating tribometer performed static and dynamic frictional tests. Optical and confocal microscopy surface analysis evaluated the wear of the specimen, and SEM and EDX analyses characterized the wear tracks, nanoparticle distributions, and quantification. The cooperation between PPD and nanoparticles significantly improved friction and wear values; however, the worn surface suffered extensively from fatigue wear. The collaboration between VM and nanoparticles resulted in a nanoparticle-rich tribofilm on the contact surface, providing excellent wear resistance that protects the component while also favorably impacting friction reduction. This study found CuO reduced wear volume by 85% with PPD and 43% with VM at 0.5 wt%, while ZrO2 achieved 80% and 63% reductions, respectively. Y2O3 reduced wear volume by 82% with PPD, and TiO2 reduced friction by 20% with VM. These nanoparticles enhanced tribological performance at optimal concentrations, but high concentrations caused tribofilm instability, highlighting the need for precise optimization.

Exploring the Influence of Biochar-Supported Nano-Iron Oxide on Phosphorus Speciation Transformation and Bacterial Community Structure in Aerobic Pig Manure Composting Processes.

Existing studies have demonstrated the positive effects of nano-sized iron oxide on compost maturity, yet the impact of nano-sized iron oxide on phosphorus speciation and bacterial communities during the composting process remains unclear. In this study, pig manure and straw were used as raw materials, with biochar-supported nano-sized iron oxide (BC-Fe3O4NPs) as an additive and calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a co-agent, to conduct an aerobic composting experiment with pig manure. Four treatments were tested: CK (control), F1 (1% BC-Fe3O4NPs), F2 (5% BC-Fe3O4NPs), and F3 (5% BC-Fe3O4NPs + 5% CaO2). Key findings include the following. (1) BC-Fe3O4NPs increased compost temperatures, with F3 reaching 61℃; F1 showed optimal maturity (C/N ratio: 12.90). (2) BC-Fe3O4NPs promoted stable phosphorus forms; Residual-P proportions were higher in F1, F2, and F3 (25.81%, 51.16%, 51.68%) than CK (19.32%). (3) Bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria dominated. BC-Fe3O4NPs altered community composition, especially on day 7. Firmicutes dominated CK, F1, and F3; Proteobacteria dominated F2. At the genus level, day 7 showed Corynebacterium (CK), Clostridum (F1, F3), and Caldibacillus (F2) as predominant. (4) Pearson correlation analysis revealed shifted correlations between phosphorus forms and bacterial phyla after BC-Fe3O4NPs addition. Firmicutes positively correlated with NaOH-OP in F1 during the thermophilic phase, facilitating phosphate release and adsorption by BC-Fe3O4NPs. The significance of correlations diminished with increasing additive concentration; in F3, all phyla positively correlated with various phosphorus forms.

Valence State and Catalytic Activity of Ni-Fe Oxide Embedded in Carbon Nanotube Catalysts.

The catalytic activity of Ni-Fe oxide embedded in CNTs was investigated in terms of valence states and active oxygen species. Ni-Fe oxides were prepared by the sol-gel combustion process, and Ni-Fe oxides embedded in CNT catalysts were synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. The lattice structure of the Ni-Fe oxide catalysts was analyzed, and the lattice distortion was increased with the addition of Fe. The specific surface areas and pore structures of the Ni-Fe oxides embedded in CNTs were determined through the BET method. The nano-sized Ni-Fe oxides embedded in CNTs were observed using morphology analysis. The crystallinity and defects of CNTs were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, and the ID/IG ratio of Ni1.25Fe0.75O/CNT was the lowest at 0.36, representing the high graphitization and low structural defects of the CNT surface. The valence states of Fe and Ni were changed by the interaction between catalysts and CNTs. The redox property of the catalysts was evaluated by H2-TPR analysis, and the H2 consumption of Ni1.25Fe0.75O/CNT was the highest at 2.764 mmol/g. The catalytic activity of Ni-Fe oxide embedded in CNT exhibited much higher activity than Ni-Fe oxide for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 in the temperature range of 100 °C to 450 °C.

High sodium conductive polymer electrolyte-based nanoclusters in supercapacitor

High sodium conductive polymer electrolyte-based nanoclusters in supercapacitor

Topical Application of Nano-Sized Graphene Oxide Cream Ameliorates Acute Skin Inflammation in Mice

Topical Application of Nano-Sized Graphene Oxide Cream Ameliorates Acute Skin Inflammation in Mice

Inhomogeneous distribution of oxides in various 9Cr ODS alloys and their mechanical performance at room temperature and 650 °C

Inhomogeneous distribution of oxides in various 9Cr ODS alloys and their mechanical performance at room temperature and 650 °C

Mechanical Behavior of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel Directly Consolidated by Rotary Swaging.

Among the main benefits of powder-based materials is the possibility of combining different constituents to achieve enhanced properties of the fabricated bulk material. The presented study characterizes the micro- and sub-structures and related mechanical properties of ferritic steel strengthened with a fine dispersion of nano-sized Y2O3 oxide particles. Unlike the typical method of preparation via rolling, the material presented herein was fabricated by direct consolidation from a mixture of powders using the versatile method of hot rotary swaging. The mechanical properties were evaluated at room temperature and also at 1300 °C to document the suitability of the prepared steel for high-temperature applications. The results showed that the imposed shear strain, i.e., swaging ratio, is a crucial parameter influencing the microstructure and, thus, material behavior. The workpiece subjected to the swaging ratio of 1.4 already exhibited a sufficiently consolidated structure with ultra-fine grains and featured high room-temperature microhardness values (up to 690 HV0.5), as well as a relatively high maximum flow stress (~88 MPa) when deformed at the temperature of 1300 °C with the strain rate of 0.5 s-1. However, the dispersion of oxides within this sample exhibited local inhomogeneities. Increasing the swaging ratio to 2.5 substantially contributed to the homogenization of the distribution of the Y2O3 oxide particles, which resulted in increased homogeneity of mechanical properties (lower deviations from the average values), but their lower absolute values due to the occurrence of nucleating nano-sized recrystallized grains.

Synthesis of nanosized phases with a garnet structure using supercritical СО2 fluid

Synthesis of nanosized phases with a garnet structure using supercritical СО2 fluid

Manufacturing of heavy tungsten alloys from nano-sized metal oxides via simultaneous reduction-sintering powder treatments

Manufacturing of heavy tungsten alloys from nano-sized metal oxides via simultaneous reduction-sintering powder treatments

Investigation of microstructural and thermal stability of Ni-Y-Zr ternary nanocrystalline alloy

Investigation of microstructural and thermal stability of Ni-Y-Zr ternary nanocrystalline alloy

Impact of multi-scale microstructural heterogeneities on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured and post-processed Nb-based C103 alloy

Impact of multi-scale microstructural heterogeneities on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured and post-processed Nb-based C103 alloy

Optimizing nano-TiO2 and ZnO integration in silica-based high-performance concrete: Mechanical, durability, and photocatalysis insights for sustainable self-cleaning systems

Optimizing nano-TiO2 and ZnO integration in silica-based high-performance concrete: Mechanical, durability, and photocatalysis insights for sustainable self-cleaning systems

Nano-Sized Graphene Oxide Attenuates Ovalbumin/Alum-Induced Skin Inflammation by Down-Regulating Th2 Immune Responses in Balb/c Mice.

Graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based material with oxygen-containing functional groups, can be applied in biomedicine for drug delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue regeneration. We have previously shown that nanoscale-sized graphene oxide (NGO), an oxidized graphene derivative, exhibits effective anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of sepsis mediated by T helper (Th)1-promoting cytokines such as IFNγ and TNFα. However, whether NGO influences Th2-induced skin inflammation remains unclear. To address this issue, we employed an ovalbumin (OVA) plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-induced Th2-mediated skin inflammation model in conjunction with OVA-specific DO11.10 T cell receptor transgenic Balb/c mice. In vivo NGO injection upon OVA/Alum sensitization down-regulated OVA-elicited antigen-specific Th2 cells and GATA3-expressing Th2-type regulatory T cells. Next, we examined the effect of NGO injection on OVA/Alum-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation. NGO-injected mice exhibited significantly decreased Th2 disease phenotypes (e.g., a lower clinical score, decreased epidermal thickness and Th2 cell differentiation, and fewer infiltrated mast cells and basophils in skin lesions) compared with vehicle-injected control mice. Overall, our results suggest that NGOs are promising therapeutic materials for treating allergic diseases such as AD.

Controllable synthesis of carbon supported cobalt monoxide anode and high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide cathode with enhanced lithium-ion storage

Controllable synthesis of carbon supported cobalt monoxide anode and high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide cathode with enhanced lithium-ion storage