Carbon Nano Research Articles

CNTFET-based Data Independent Power Efficient and Robust 8T SRAM Cell

A new carbon nano-tube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) based Power Efficient and Robust 8T (PER-8T) SRAM cell is proposed to reduce sub-threshold leakage currents, data dependency by improving RBL swing due to which RSNM is improved. Leakage power is reduced by using only single pull-up transistor with High V t in storage latch. Half-select issue is eliminated since proposed work uses de-coupled read port. This CNTFET based proposed PER-8T cell is analysed for performance parameters like power, delay and stability and compared to 8T SRAM cells at 45 nm technology. All simulations are performed at supply voltage of 0.9 V considering Stanford Virtual Source CNTFET(VS-CNTFET) model. It shows that RSNM and WSNM are improved by 12.07%, 14.85%, 56% and 46.46%, 20.39%, 66.05% compared to single ended 8T SRAM cells available in recent literature. Effects of VS-CNTFET parameters such as dielectric material, temperature, oxide thickness and carbon nano tube diameter values on hold power is analysed and best values are considered. The cadence tool is used for measuring all design metrics at room temperature of 25 °C.

Simulation study of nanomaterials in heat pipe enhanced high power LED heat sink

To facilitate the simulation of heat dissipation of high-power LED lamps, a set of simplified models for tubular heat pipes and carbon nanotube arrays were first established to estimate their thermal conductivity. Then several kinds of radiators were designed. The application of nanomaterials and heat pipes in the heat dissipation of lamps was studied by the finite element method. It is found that the radiator with vertical suspended fins strengthened by a heat pipe and heat dissipation coating has a better heat dissipation effect than other radiators. Finally, the simulation study of thermal interface materials and heat dissipation coatings for lamps and lanterns heat dissipation is carried out. The results show that the thermal interface materials of carbon nanotubes and carbon nano coatings can enhance the heat dissipation performance of lamps.

Bright yellow fluorescent nitrogen and boron doped-CNPs based turn “off–on” probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of glyphosate and hypochlorite

In the present work, water-soluble fluorescent nitrogen/boron-doped carbon nano particles (N/B-CNPs) were prepared using o-phenylenediamine and boric acid precursors by a simple one step hydrothermal (HT) method. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) analysis showed that the N/B-CNPs are spherical in shape with an average size of ∼ 15 nm. The functional and structural composition of N/B-CNPs were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral studies. N/B-CNPs exhibited excellent photophysical property and photostability at different physiological conditions. N/B-CNPs showed bright yellow fluorescence at 566 nm upon excitation at 400 nm. N/B-CNPs were utilized as a fluorometric probe towards the simultaneous detection of glyphosate and hypochlorite. The fluorescence intensity of N/B-CNPs was selectively quenched in the presence of glyphosate (turn-off) and quenched emission intensity was restored in the presence of hypochlorite (turn-on). The fluorescence quenching mechanism was further ascertained using Stern-Volmer and time resolved fluorescence analysis. The detection probe showed a linear response for glyphosate over the concentrations range of 5.00 to 85.00 µM, with a limit of detection value of 0.088 µM. While in the case of hypochlorite the turn-on assay exhibited good linearity over the range of 5.00 to 50.00 µM with limit of detection as low as 0.12 nM. The N/B-CNPs turn-off/turn-on fluorometric assay exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards glyphosate and hypochlorite, even in the presence of other interference ions. The practical applicability of the proposed assay was demonstrated by fabricating a paper strip-based sensor and fluorescent thin film. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity of the N/B-CNPs was evaluated in plant by performing dosage dependent assay.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded AlSi/MWCNT Composite Cylinders

Experimental fabrication of functionally graded Aluminum Silicon-carbon nanotubes (AlSi-MWCNT) reinforcement is significantly less, despite substantial theoretical interest. Many studies focused on axially layered functionally graded material because of ease of fabrication. Full advantage of AlSi-MWCNT functionally graded material only is taken when designed to the various shapes. In this research work, functionally graded cylinders were produced with 2wt% MWCNT at the outer surface to provide a complex and wear-resistant surface. The interior surface is soft with AlSi to provide elasticity. FGM1 sample indicates 112% and 11% increase in maximum tensile strength compared to AlSi and AlSi-MWCNT1wt%. FGM1 sample shows a 37% increase in elongation percentage compared to the AlSi-MWCNT1wt% composite. Test samples showing the typical nature of barrelling. FGM1 sample exhibits compressive strength of 237MPa, exceeding by 245% that of AlSi and by 3.5% that of AlSi-MWCNT1wt%. Three samples consider for each test. Hardness value ranges from 65HV at the core to 115HV at the outer surface. Hardness value Exceeds 56% in the outer layer compared to an inner region of FGM2.There is a proper bond between the layers, and the same demonstrate with properties of tensile, compressive, and hardness. OM with porosity, SEM with EDX evaluates to predict structural gradation in FGM cylinder. KEYWORDS: Aluminum silicon (AlSi) alloy; Functionally graded materials(FGM); Multi wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNT); Nano-composites; Thermo-mechanical processing

To Improve the Strength of Concrete by Using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

Abstract: The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in concrete has been gaining attention due to their unique properties, such as high strength, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. This study focuses on investigating the effect of adding CNTs to concrete mixtures on the strength of the resulting material. The concrete specimens were prepared with different percentages of CNTs, and their mechanical properties were measured and compared to those of control specimens without CNTs. The results showed that the addition of CNTs significantly improved the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete. The findings suggest that the incorporation of CNTs in concrete mixtures could be an effective way to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and improve its performance in construction applications. Compared to the plain cement sample at 28 days. The highest increase in strength at 28 days for the 0.0045 wt.% MWCNTs and the 0.0030 wt.% MWCNTs was 43.4% and 37.79% respectively. It is concluded that nano composites with low concentration of long MWCNTs give comparable mechanical performance to the nano composites with higher concentration of short MWCNTs. Many of the MWCNIs were stretching across the micro-cracks showing CNT's breakage and pull-out. In addition to the compression test we had calculated the split tensile strength by adding the multi-walled carbon nano tubes by increasing the proportion as per the percentage. For 0.0015% MWCNT's, 0.0030% and 0.0045% the percentage of strength increased by 25.6%, 44.63% and 51.21% respectively.

Nanoparticles as Additive to the Diesel and Biodiesel along with Blends: A Review on Emission Characteristics and Performance of CI Engine

The depletion rate of fossil fuels are very high as well as they put negative impact on the environment. So the alternate fuels are required to meet the demand of the world. The bio based fuels and blends are the source which can be help for the sustainable development. The mild negatives of biodiesel, like its increased nitrogen oxide emissions, inconsistency with winter conditions, and frequent replacement cycles for engine parts like fuel filters, fuel tanks, and fuel lines owing to clogging, exceed its many advantages. By using nanoparticles as fuel additives, there is still room to improve the qualities of fuel and address its shortcomings. The role of nanoparticles additives increases the thermos-physical properties of the pure fuel, bio based fuel and blends. They directly affect how well the diesel engine performs. There are various nanoparticle additions that play diverse roles in the operation and emission process of the diesel engine. The common nanoparticles additives such as cerium oxide, aluminium oxide, magnesium, carbon nano tubes are the common additives which are directly used. This review article analyses the performance, emission traits, fuel characteristics, and issues with the nanoparticle additions. Additionally, this work aids researchers in their investigation of potential nanoparticle additions in the future.

Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Microcrack Structure and Composite Conductive Mechanism for Medical Robotic Applications.

With the advancement of intelligent medical robot technology, machine touch utilizing flexible sensors has emerged as a prominent research area. In this study, a flexible resistive pressure sensor was designed incorporating a microcrack structure with air pores and a composite conductive mechanism of silver/carbon. The aim was to achieve enhanced stability and sensitivity with the inclusion of macro through-holes (1-3 mm) to expand the sensitive range. This technology solution was specifically applied to the machine touch system of the B-ultrasound robot. Through meticulous experimentation, it was determined that the optimal approach involved uniformly blending ecoflex and nano carbon powder at a mass ratio of 5:1, and subsequently combining the mixture with an ethanol solution of silver nanowires (AgNWs) at a mass ratio of 6:1. This combination of components resulted in the fabrication of a pressure sensor with optimal performance. Under the pressure testing condition of 5 kPa, a comparison of the resistance change rate was conducted among samples using the optimal formulation from the three processes. It was evident that the sample of ecoflex-C-AgNWs/ethanol solution exhibited the highest sensitivity. Its sensitivity was increased by 19.5% compared to the sample (ecoflex-C) and by 11.3% compared to the sample (ecoflex-C-ethanol). The sample (ecoflex-C-AgNWs/ethanol solution), which only incorporated internal air pore microcracks without through-holes, exhibited sensitive response to pressures below 5 N. However, with the addition of through-holes, the measurement range of its sensitive response increased to 20 N, representing a 400% increase in the measurement range.

Experimental investigation of salinity gradient solar pond with nano-based phase change materials

ABSTRACT Heat energy storage is pivotal in modern times. However, the technology to efficiently stored heat energy is still in the research stage. Heat energy storage is possible through phase change material, exothermic chemical reactions, and solar ponds. The latter uses a natural phenomenon that relies on solar Energy and convective heat transfer. Solar ponds can store more heat energy throughout the day than other processes and meet higher energy demands. The working principle of a typical solar pond can be adopted to develop a compact setup that can store sufficient heat energy to meet the heat energy demand of a small family. Salinity gradient solar ponds are used for heat storage to meet the demand of rural and urban communities in arid and semiarid zones around the globe. Often the solar ponds are constructed on the ground by storing a large volume of salt water. The performance of the solar pond is affected by the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, a compact solar pond is constructed using aluminum plates and a glass cover. Sea water was used to store solar radiation in this experiment. The experiment was carried out in South India during the winter season when the intensity of solar radiation was minimum. The study aims to determine the performance of the solar pond and its thermal properties under low sunshine. Heat storage mediums comprising paraffin wax and additives of nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes were used to enhance the heat storage capacity of the solar pond. It was found that compared to the simple salinity gradient solar pond, the heat storage medium with carbon nanotube nanoparticles increased the maximum temperature attained by 26.5%. The carbon nano tubes infused phase change material increased the heat transfer, heat transfer coefficient, and the heat stored in the saline water by 244%, 713%, and 83.3%, respectively. It is concluded that the carbon nano tubes and phase change material augmented the performance of the solar pond even while the intensity of solar radiation was low.

A strategy resisting wrinkling of sandwich structures reinforced using functionally-graded carbon nanotubes

Sandwich structures have been widely applied in the wing and the horizontal tail of the aircraft, so face sheets of such structure might occur wrinkling deformation in the process of service, which will largely decrease capability of sustaining loads. As a result, this paper aims at proposing a reasonable strategy resisting wrinkling deformation of sandwich structures. To this end, an enhanced higher-order model has been proposed for wrinkling analysis of sandwich structures. Buckling behaviors of a five-layer sandwich plate are firstly analyzed, which is utilized to assess performance of the proposed model. Subsequently, wrinkling behaviors of four sandwich plates are further investigated by utilizing present model, which have been evaluated by using quasi three-dimensional (3D) elasticity solutions, 3D Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) results and experimental datum. Finally, the present model is utilized to study the buckling and the wrinkling behaviors of sandwich plates reinforced by Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). In addition, influence of distribution profile of CNTs on wrinkling behaviors has been analyzed, and a typical distribution profile of CNTs has been chosen to resist wrinkling deformation. Without increase of additional weight, the present strategy can effectively resist wrinkling deformation of sandwich plates, which is rarely reported in published literature.

Studying carbon fiber composite phase change materials: Preparation method, thermal storage analysis and application of battery thermal management

Carbon fiber composite phase change material (PCM) can serve as an excellent material for thermal storage system. This work presents a new composite PCM prepared with two raw materials of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (X) and Na2SO4·10H2O (Y), supporting materials activated carbon fibers (ACFs), and thermal conductivity agent nano carbon powder (C). The characterization results show that adding 1 wt% C can increase the thermal conductivity about 81.0 % of mixed materials (C, X, and Y) than that of mixed X, Y; Moreover, the addition of ACFs also increases the thermal conductivity by 130 %. DSC tests reveal that phase change temperatures of XY and CXY are respectively 36.47 °C and 35.67 °C, meantime the enthalpies are 220.84 J/g and 185.24 J/g, respectively. Thus, this new material is suitable for the lithium-ion battery thermal management system (BTMS) applying. The application results show that ACFs composited CXY (ACFs/CXY) tremendously cripples the battery's temperature rise rate after the melting point in comparison with no wrapping material, and the ACFs/CXY-based BTMS can effectively control the battery temperature below 60 °C for 1903 s at the high heating power of 6 W. The ACFs composite PCM has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, and easy acquisition, which reduces the cost of energy storage system, and has remarkable capacity of temperature controlling.

Mixed Matrix Cellulose Acetate Membrane Incorporated with Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tubes for Effective Anionic Dyes Rejection

Mixed Matrix Cellulose Acetate Membrane Incorporated with Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tubes for Effective Anionic Dyes Rejection

A review on the fresh properties, mechanical and durability performance of graphene-based cement composites

In real-world applications, composite materials based on cement that have excellent mechanical and durability properties are always preferred. The research establishment as a whole agrees that concrete, the most widely used building material in the world, must be produced at the nanoscale, where its chemical and physiochemical properties can be greatly enhanced. The microstructure of hydration gel has been reported in the current literature to be greatly improved by the high-surface volume ratio of nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano silica, and nano alumina, which when used as additives in cementitious materials as strengthening additives. Recent advancements in materials science and nanotechnology have resulted in another promising nanomaterial, graphene, which may be employed as a nano-sized addition for concrete mixtures. In terms of mechanical and durability properties, cement matrix mixed with nanomaterials based on graphene performs significantly better due to a significant reduction of micro-cracks owing to its high surface area and tremendous ultimate tensile strength of graphene (130 GPa) and elastic modulus (1.1TPa). In this paper, recent research on graphene-based concrete was critically reviewed. By contrasting the fresh, mechanical, and durability qualities, the performance of cement composite is examined. Additionally, a thorough discussion of the strategies for improving the dispersion characteristics of graphene and its byproducts (edge-oxidized graphene, graphene oxide, and minimized graphene oxide) was conducted.The optimum dosages of graphene/graphene derivatives in concrete with respect to compressive, tensile, flexural strengths, and permeability were articulated with respect to the existing research works. The key obstacles and potential of graphene-based reinforced cement composites will be reviewed in order to give positive insights and suggestions for future investigations.

Sintering and characterization of in situ formed porous cordierite ceramics with nano boehmite additions

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of sintering temperature and nano boehmite additions on the phase composition, densification, and mechanical properties of porous cordierite ceramics. Ceramic samples were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1400°C. Carbon powder was used as a pore forming agent to improve the porosity of the ceramic structure. Nano boehmite and carbon additions significantly enhanced ceramic porosity and average pore size in sintered samples. The bulk density and apparent porosity of the sintered samples were found to be 0.96–1.53 g/cm3 and 42.3%–65.6%, respectively. Sintered samples had cold crushing strengths of 1.5–14.3 MPa. The microstructure obtained by scanning electron microscopy was used to measure average pore size in sintered samples and was found to be 41.93 µm for stoichiometric composition (SC), 67.72 µm for SC and nano boehmite, and 102.98 µm for SC, nano boehmite, and carbon. The microstructure of the sintered samples revealed that the crystallinity of the in situ formed phases increased with the increase in nano boehmite additions.

Reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube anchored NASICON-type NaTi2(PO4)3 nanocomposite anodes for high-rate performance sodium-ion batteries

NASICON-structured NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) anode consist of an open 3D framework is received as a zero-stress anode for Na-ion batteries. Herein, we have reported a novel NTP/GO/CNT nanocomposite anodes, in which NTP particles are engineered with reduce graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nano tube (CNT) and wrapped using a low-cost facile sol-gel method. NTP-rGO10-CNT10 has been chosen as the optimum electrode after studying the effects of rGO/CNT ratio on the electrochemical performance of NTP. The combine effect of structural integrity, high electronic conductivity and high ionic diffusivity in NTP-rGO10-CNT10 leads to excellent electrochemical performance with regards to specific capacity (124 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), remarkable high-rate cycleability (62.5% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 10 C), and excellent rate capability (87 mA h g−1 at 25C). Using cyclic voltammetry investigation, we have estimated the capacitive and faradaic contributions to the total capacities of the composite electrode at various rate. Besides, carbon incorporated NVOPF obtained by carbo-thermal reduction delivers a specific discharge capacity of 106 mA h g−1 as cathode against sodium. Finally, a Na-ion full-cell with the structure of NTP-rGO10-CNT10│1 M NaClO4 in PC│NVOPF@C has been fabricated. This newly designed full-cell can deliver good electrochemical performance in terms of cycleability and power.

Comparing the flexural and morphological properties of dissimilar FFF-fabricated polymer composites

Additive manufacturing is becoming more and more significant for the production of engineering products. The global community of designers and manufacturers will undoubtedly benefit from identifying the process factors that could lead to superior mechanical behaviour. The incorporation of fibres and nanoparticles in polymer matrix is one of the most significant advancements in polymer fabrication. This study intends to investigate how the flexural behaviour of dissimilar polymer composites viz carbon fibre reinforced poly lactic acid (CF-PLA), carbon fibre reinforced poly ethylene terephthalate glycol (CF-PETG) and multi walled carbon nano tubes reinforced PLA (MWCNTs-PLA) are affected by process parameters viz nozzle diameter (0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm), and infill pattern (triangular, honeycomb, rectilinear) through fused filament fabrication (FFF). Flexural testing was carried out on the fabricated specimens, and post to the testing, fractography has been carried out and statistical analysis of the observations is performed utilizing analysis of variance and Taguchi method. According to the observations, flexural strength of the polymer composite specimen increases with increase in nozzle diameter (ND). The flexural behaviour is also directly impacted with the variation of infill pattern (IP). Process parameter variations affect target factors differently depending on the fabricating material. For flexural behaviour, IP contributes 68.27% to CF-PLA, while ND contributes 88.96% to CF-PETG and 77.59% to MWCNTs-PLA. Overall, the highest flexural strength, 70.372 MPa, is exhibited by the specimen with ND 0.6 mm and rectilinear IP for MWCNTs-PLA as fabricating filament material. This study will aid researchers and designers in developing FFF-fabricated electrochemical energy storage devices with improved flexural behaviour of functional parts for a wide range of applications.

Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive thrombin detection using graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nano onion-based nanocomposite

Thrombin (TB) is a protease enzyme functioning in the blood coagulation cascade. It plays an important function in a number of diseases, including thromboembolic disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer.Therefore, precise, and sensitive detection of TB in clinical samples is of utmost importance. In this work, we have first synthesized a nanocomposite comprised of carboxyl-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), carbon nano-onions (CNOs), and chitosan (CS), which was used to develop an electrochemical aptasensor for selective detection of TB. This nanocomposite modified GCE exhibited a remarkable electrochemical response and a greater surface area (216 %) than the bare GCE. The morphology of the nanomaterials and nanocomposite were characterized using FESEM, TEM, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The Layer-by-layer fabrication of the aptasensor was studied using the CV and DPV in Fe[CN]6]3/4− redox probeat pH 7.4. The designed aptasensor displayed sensitive detection of TB from 26.74 pM to 26.74 fM with a LOD of 8.61fM. Finally, this aptasensor showed promising potential in the quantitative determination of TB in human serum. This proposed aptasensor displayed excellent sensitivity, high specificity, and satisfactory reproducibility and can be useful in biomedical applications as well as for clinical purposes.

Cobalt ferrite for direct cracking of methane to produce hydrogen and carbon nanostructure: Effect of temperature and methane flow rate

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) was used as a catalyst for direct methane cracking. The reaction was accomplished in a fixed bed reactor at normal atmospheric pressure, while gas flow rate (20–50 mL/min) and reaction temperature (800–900 °C) were varied. The fresh CoFe2O4 morphology is sponge-like particle with inverse spinel structure as revealed from SEM and XRD results. The methane conversions and hydrogen formation rate were increased with reaction temperature, while catalyst stability and induction period decreased. Increases of gas flow rate > 20 mL/min led to a decrease the overall catalytic activity of CoFe2O4 for methane cracking. The XRD results of spent catalysts revealed that CoFe alloy was the active phase of methane cracking. TGA analysis showed that the largest amount of deposited carbon was 70.46 % at (20 mL/min, 900 °C), where it was 34.40 % at (50 mL/min, 800 °C). The deposited carbon has the shape of spherical carbon nanostructures and/or nano sprouts as observed with SEM. Raman data confirmed the graphitization type of the deposited carbon.

Study of various base materials with zinc and nano particle coatings

Study of the various base material mechanical properties to enhance the strength, hardness, durability, surface morphology, micro structure, etc. along with cost efficient is done. The coating is carried out on high chromium steel and mild steel materials by using zinc thermal spray process. Properties are investigated by zinc coating with carbon based nano particles (Graphene) and its effect on the mechanical properties. Lots of researchers are working on different materials and various coatings in manufacturing segment to improve production, cost and quality with environmental concerns of world. The materials may be failed due to lack of mechanical properties like wear resistance, strength, corrosion resistance, hardness, toughness etc. To overcome this type of problems, need to apply coatings to substrate material in proper proportion for achieving desirable mechanical properties. The issues that arise during high temperature coating preparation methods, such as laser cladding and thermal spraying, are first briefly discussed in this overview. Metals are under cooled frozen liquids in the form of bulk metallic glasses. Nano particle structural reinforcement are 100 times stronger than steel and the polymer materials electrical conductivity can be enhanced by using conductive fillers like carbon nano particles in incorporation. It also reveals that corrosion resistance of mild steel can be improved after coated with nano particles (Graphene).

Analysis of mechanical properties enhancement on composites of AA7175 by multi walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT)

Developed to meet the demands of appealing contemporary materials, nanocomposites are polyphase materials that include a matrix and nano-reinforcement. The major types of nanocomposites are as follows. They are categorized as fiber-reinforced nanocomposites, laminar nanocomposites, and particulate nanocomposites based on the reinforcing component, whereas they are classed as metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix nanocomposites based on the matrix ingredient. Due to its advantages over polymer and ceramic matrix, metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are the most common type of nanocomposites employed in industrial applications. To improve the physical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of conventional materials, nanocomposites are often formed by reinforcing nanoscale tubes, fibres, particles, or sheets. To keep up with technological advancements, drive market changes, and bridge technological gaps by revolutionizing the product, innovative nanocomposites must be used in advanced engineering applications. The high-strength, light-weight aluminium alloy matrix nanocomposites (AMNCs) are able to replace traditional materials to a greater extent in cutting-edge applications including the automotive, aircraft, marine, defense, leisure, and electronic industries. In this study deals with the property enhancement analysis by means of the assistance of Multi Walled Carbon nano tube (MWCNT) nano particles encouragement in AA7175 aluminium alloy. The main focus of this investigation on the tensile related mechanical properties such as tensile strength, percentage of elongation and yield strength. The composites were created with the mass fractions of 5.0 wt%, 4.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 2.0 wt% and 1.0 wt% of MWCNT with 95.0 wt%, 96.0 wt%, 97.0 wt%, 98.0 wt% and 99.0 wt% of AA7175 aluminium alloy. These composite mechanical properties were compared with the pure AA7175 aluminium alloy. Among the comparison of these composites values 3.0 wt% of MWCNT produce the greater results on the considered composites. The composite sample recorded high Ultimate Tensile Strength of 431.12 MPa, low Percentage of elongation of 9.58% and high Yield strength of 396.63 MPa.

High-performance lithium-ion batteries packs at low temperatures based on organic nano carbon source induced graphene film electric heater on quartz substrate

As the demand for electric devices continues to rise, there is a growing interest in ensuring the proper functioning of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures. However, the use of conventional heating pump systems for portable LIB packs can be limited due to high costs and complicated equipment. To address this challenge, we have developed a graphene film on a quartz substrate (GFqtz)-based electric heater using organic nano carbon source (ONCS) technology. This large-scale graphene film on a quartz substrate enables the proper function of portable LIBs at low temperatures (−20 °C). The GFqtz-based electric heater (2 cm2) demonstrated excellent electrothermal performance, with an equilibrium temperature of 180 °C at 14 V, heating rates over 1.3 °C s−1, and power density at 1.645 W cm−2. A LIBs pack was constructed using a thermal insulation space (10 cm3) with a GFqtz-based heater (5 cm2), which demonstrated the capacity of 2000 mAh at a current density of 500 mA h−1 and −20 °C, achieved by the 14 V heating voltage. As a result, the feasibility of portable LIBs pack at low temperature has been demonstrated by self-powering for heating. This approach provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for enabling the proper function of the portable LIBs at low temperatures.