Plant Names Research Articles

ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY PULAYA TRIBES OF THIRUMOORTHY HILLS, UDUMALPET TALUK, TIRUPPUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

The present work initiated to explore medicinal plants in Thirumoorthy hills from Pulaya tribes and a total of 54 plant species included in 31 families were found . The Ethnobotanical survey on Medicinal Plants was conducted between January to March 2022. More information about the traditional knowledge was collected randomly from the pulaya tribes of the thirumoorthy hills. The field visit was also done to collect information from the people regarding traditional and indigenous knowledge. A few tribal people were interviewed in this survey. Traditional medicines were still used by the peoples of pulaya tribes from the traditional medicinal experience of practicing individuals in the thirumoorthy hills. They use these plants for the treatment of various diseases listed in the table. Those plants are arranged with their botanical name, vernacular name, family, habit, parts used, preparation, used as and medicinal uses. KEY WORDS: Ethnobotanical Survey, medicinal plants, medicinal uses, pulaya tribes

Ethno-botanical Studies and Survey of Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plants of Chang-La (17,688 ft) and Taglang-La (17,582 ft) Region of Union Territory of Ladakh

The paper deals with the ethno-botanical studies and survey of rare and endangered medicinal plants of Chang-La and Taglang-La and surrounding villages (Meru, Lato, Gya, Sasoma and Rumtse). Although the region looks barren and lifeless, it actually represents a treasure house of diversity of plants with high medicinal, aromatic value and also fulfils other useful purposes (such as food, fodder, fuel and ritual requirements). Predominant species of these areas are:- Geranium wallichianum, Carum carvi, Aconogonom tortuosum, Cremanthodium elisii, Corydalis stricta, Oxytropis microphylla, Cicer microphyllum, Rosa webbiana, Caragana versicolor, Artemisia macrocephala, Dracocephalum heterophyllum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Astragalus tibetanus, Thalictrum foliolosum, Delphinium brunonianum. The medicinal plants surveyed during tour was widely used in Sowa- rigpa system of Indian medicine for curing various diseases and ailments as it has no side-effects compared to allopathic medicines. The present paper documents ethno-botanical information of sowa-rigpa traditional medicinal usage by the local people. Around 54 medicinal plants species botanical name, sowa-rigpa name, medicinal use, family, habitat and part uses are enumerated in this paper.

The 16th-19th Century Soundtoll Registers Online: Uncovering Traded Plant Diversity between the North and the Baltic Seas

Studies of European trade have largely focused on bulk commodities, ignoring minor products. The Danish Soundtoll Registers Online (STRO) document the North-Baltic Seas maritime trade from the 16th century to the 19th. They are an untapped resource to understand the trade of plant products. Here, we present an overview of plants recorded in the STRO from 1497–1857, based on thousands of handwritten vernacular plant name variations in Danish. We found 264 plant products corresponding to 140 botanical taxa. We confirm previous findings regarding bulk goods, such as wood, wine, and (sub)tropical spices, but also uncover trade of wild food plants and herbal medicines. Notably dodder (Cuscuta spp.) and purging cassia (Cassia fistula L.) were traded as frequently as currently well-known plant-based commodities such as tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.). This indicates their former importance. Through the botanically identified dataset we present here, the STRO reveal the diversity of historical plant trade. We discuss what this overview adds to the understanding of historic plant trade in Europe and outline suggestions for future research that can be addressed using these data.

Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000-2021).

Echinococcosis is a serious public health issue that affects people and livestock all over the world. Many synthetic and natural products have been examined in vitro and in vivo on Echinococcus species but only a few are used clinically, however, they may cause some complications and side effects. To overcome these limitations, new horizons of herbal drugs to cure echinococcosis are opening with every passing day. To summarize the developments during the last 21 years, we conducted this review of the literature to identify medicinal herbs utilized throughout the world that have anti-Echinococcus activity. From 2000 to 2021, data were carefully obtained from four English databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and OpenGrey. Botanical name, extraction technique, extract quantities, efficacy, duration of treatment, year of publication, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were all well noted. Ninety-one published papers, with 78 in vitro and 15 in vivo, fulfilled our selection criteria. Fifty-eight different plant species were thoroughly tested against Echinococcus granulosus. Zataria multiflora, Nigella sativa, Berberis vulgaris, Zingiber officinale (ginger), and Allium sativum were the most often utilized anti-Echinococcus herbs and the leaves of the herbs were extensively used. The pooled value of IC50 was 61 (95% CI 60–61.9) according to the random effect model and a large degree of diversity among studies was observed. The current systematic study described the medicinal plants with anti-Echinococcus activity, which could be investigated in future experimental and clinical studies to identify their in vivo efficacy, lethal effects, and mechanisms of action.

Wild Medicinal Plants of South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India

The present study deals with the observation, identification and documentation of medicinal uses of wild plants by the inhabitants of villages in the blocks of South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. The various medicinal plants are used by the local communities of the study area to treat a variety of health-related challenges and heal different pains and ailments. The study is therefore, undertaken from April 2017 to October 2019, to gather the knowledge and create a record related to important and unexplored wild medicinal plants used by the local population. Data were collected by interviewing local inhabitants or knowledgeable persons and medicine men with the help of a semi-structured and open-ended questionnaire. It provides a comprehensive account of 64 wild medicinal plant species with their botanical name, family, vernacular name(s), parts used and uses. The plant species belonging to 60 different genera and 34 different families were enlisted and found to be used in effective therapies. Among the identified plant species, most belong to the dicotyledonous families. It is observed that out of the surveyed species, 53%, 31%, 11%, 3% and 2% are herbs, trees, shrubs, climbers, and creepers, respectively. The study showed that the area is rich in curative flora. The plants and their parts are used in the treatment of numerous diseases like bronchitis, cut, wound, asthma, jaundice, headache, fever, ear and skin diseases, snake bites, dog bites, vomiting, stomach problems, etc. In this study, 8 species of the family Fabaceae were recorded and it is reported to be the most dominant one. It was found that many diseases are cured by multiple plants, e.g., asthma can be cured by Vachellia nilotica, Boerhaavia diffusa, Calotropis procera, Datura metel, Ficus religiosa, Solanum torvum; burns/boils can be cured by V. nilotica, C. gigantea, F. benghalensis. Sometimes, a single plant is used for curing multiple diseases e.g., B. diffusa can cure abscess, anemia, asthma, cough and cold. Bioassay of all these preparations should be approved for further scientific validation. In West Bengal, the uses of all wild plant taxa have not yet been recorded. The study recommends growing these plants under organized agriculture, as crops, for large scale production, utilization in daily meals in the form of various delicacies and creating awareness meant for conservation and hence, ensuring food and health security for the local growing population.

The Adventures of Alexander von Humboldt by Andrea Wulf

Reviewed by: The Adventures of Alexander von Humboldt by Andrea Wulf Stephen Bell Andrea Wulf (author) and Lillian Melcher (illustrator) The Adventures of Alexander von Humboldt. New York: Pantheon Books, 2019. Illustrations, chiefly color, author’s note, online links and sources, selection of Humboldt’s published diaries and letters, picture credits, and acknowledgements. $29.95 hardcover (ISBN 97815244747374); electronic (ISBN 97815244747381). This work treating humboldtian scientific exploration, or adventuring, stems from a rich research collaboration between Andrea Wulf, the author of a renowned biography of Alexander von Humboldt, and Lillian Melcher, a graduate of the Parsons School of Design, who undertook the graphic work. The format is that of a comic book and the work is classified as graphic nonfiction, a challenging category in classification. While other authorities are treated, mainly important scientific ones, the book is structured above all around the journey made by Humboldt with his French collaborator and assistant Aimé Bonpland to the Americas between 1799 and 1804. But since the dialogs between these two figures are imagined ones, there are heavy elements of storytelling here. These cannot escape issues of historiography. Wulf quickly brings up Humboldt’s extraordinary and laudable capacity for making connections between phenomena and that theme provides a main core for the treatment in the book. While the leading focus is the journey through parts of the Americas, there is scope for including earlier and later experiences. Important concepts are included in this way, such as deforestation and its consequences, or the powers of humans as ecological agents. This approach should be helpful for the stimulation of curiosity in teaching. Scientific influences are ultimately more complex, of course, than can be rendered in a book of this kind. Given the immense range of themes to treat, including ascents of both a major river, the Orinoco, and the Chimborazo volcano, considered at the time to be the highest peak on the globe, the artwork is impressive. Using the backdrop of some of the manuscripts and collected materials, including specimen plants, proves effective and should stimulate new readers toward Humboldt. Inclusion of pagination would not have helped the aesthetic impact of this book, but its absence makes it difficult to trace the use of the extensive sources behind the research work much of the time. The plates are designed in very [End Page 201] different ways. Some concentrate on the aesthetics of nature, are free of commentary, and encourage contemplation. Others are dense in text and invite close study, with the fold-out plate concerning Chimborazo perhaps the one of single greatest importance, in part for its guidance toward the enduring concept of vertical zonation. Humboldt is treated there as a predictor that global warming will affect the distribution of tropical plants. Plates particularly valued by this reviewer included one depicting South American crops and cultivation, conveying the idea that commercial crops sometimes depleted soils. The same plate also includes consideration of the vernacular names for plants, that definite adventure of the interface of knowledge systems between western science and vernacular lore. Thus, a tomato that would be named scientifically from Berlin in honor of Humboldt was commemorated by the local population as a cause of constipation, gaining a more earthy name. I also greatly enjoyed the image based on Humboldt’s profile of the physical profile from Acapulco to Mexico City, one that adroitly addresses the challenges of the sheer scale of the movement of the collections gathered by Humboldt and Bonpland, by linking Humboldt’s deep scientific work with the charm and lightness of Melcher’s new visual material. Complicated themes are treated with goodwill and humor throughout the book. What does not work so well in a shared journey is that the focus is always thrown toward Humboldt, who is presented as an invincible figure, while Bonpland is mainly a worrier and a naysayer. Early in the book, Bonpland is treated as a disappointment to Humboldt, mainly on account of his later perceived slowness to publish when back in Europe. This device skips the context and ultimately much of the achievement of Bonpland’s botanical work. The working relationship between Humboldt and Bonpland is a complex matter and one not easily...

Plant Diversity at Katyayani Temple Area, Kolhapur

Plant diversity has an important role in maintaining the ecological balance and they are the indicator of health of the ecosystem. Plant diversity refers to the variety and variability of plants in a given region. Plant diversity provides a space to birds for nesting, feeding and breeding. The present study was taken plant diversity carried out in the selected area of Katyayani Temple, Kolhapur district. Most of the species belongs to family Fabaceae at this region. Katyayani Temple is located at Kolhapur district (160 37’9.2208 and 74o12’0952.”). During survey Indentified 50 plants belonging to 27 families. Each plant is studies with respect to its botanical name, Common name and Family name.

Workshop Pembuatan Minyak Telon

Telon oil is a product from Indonesia that has been known for a long time which can be developed to be made independently by the community. Objective provide an introduction to herbal plants that can be applied in the community. The approach method used is to provide an explanation of the scientific name or Latin name for herbal plants in Indonesia to class XII students of SMK Bhakti Kencana Kendal. Furthermore, an introduction to the types of herbal plants and herbal chemicals that will be used in the manufacture of telon oil is carried out, followed by formulating the composition of telon oil which will be made with fennel oil, eucalyptus oil and coconut oil. The result of the activity is that students are interested and able to apply pharmacognosy science and herbal chemicals into dosage forms that are beneficial to health, namely the manufacture of telon oil

Richness of Wild Flowering Plants and Ferns in Northern Cyprus

Cyprus, the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, is situated just outside of the Gulf of 
 Iskenderun, south of Turkey. Its topography can be summarized as ‘The Coastal Belt, Northern Range, 
 Southern Range and Central plain’. The island has been divided into 8 phytogeographical divisions by 
 Meikle in 1977. The whole checklist of the vascular plants taxa, occurring in Northern Cyprus, has been 
 prepared. The checklist comprises of 1564 wild taxa (species and subspecies) belonging to various 
 families. Taxonomic status of the taxa has been updated according to two databases as follows ‘The 
 Plants Names’ and ‘International Plant Name Index (IPNI)’. Cyprus is a hotspot in Mediterranean basin 
 and its number of the endemic taxa are 143; 73 of them occurring as endemic in Northern Cyprus and 
 15 of them are distributed only in the area of Northern Cyprus. The list of the vascular plants is given 
 as tables and the endemic taxa is listed as a separate table in the article.

Natural Herbs used in normal Cough and Cold Condition

Natural herb Ajwain, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the highly valued medicinally important family, Apiaceae the essential oil from the fruits [7] are the phenols, mainly thymol and some carvacrol. The Indian Pharmacopoeia requires ajowan oil to contain not less than 40 per cent thymol. The remainder of the oil is called 'thymene'. Thymene, which constitutes c.45 per cent of the oil, has the following composition: p-cymene, 50-55; gterpinene, 30-35; a- and ß-pinenes, 4-5; and dipentene, 4-6%. Presence of minute 'amounts of camphene, myrcene and D3-carene is also reported. Kapoor is a tree of many faces as it is a giant, stately forest tree, native of the wet forests of tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. The species Camphora, refer to camphor, an important chemical constituent present in the oil found in the tissues of tree. The botanical name is derived from Greek language. It derived from the word 'kinnamomon' which means spice. This herb is recorded in Sanskrit also. This is also used by Egyptians as early 1485 BC for embalming purposes. Camphor tree is native to China, India, Mongolia, Japan and Taiwan and a variety of this fragrant evergreen tree is grown in Southern United States; especially in FloridaMenthol, Thymol, Phenol, Salicylic acid and Naphthol are amongst the fragrant chemical constituents obtained from this plant. Campher, Campherol, Cineol, Camphene, dipentene, terpineol, candinene, safrole, camphorace, laurolitsine, reticuline etc. Menthol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that is extracted from oil of peppermint, corn mint, or other mint plants. It is known for its minty, cooling odor, and taste , Various constituents of peppermint oil are limonene (1.0-5.0%), cineole (3.5-14.0%), menthone (14.0-32.0%), menthofuran (1.0-9.0%), isomenthone (1.510.0%), menthyl acetate (2.8-10.0%), isopulegol (0.2%), menthol (55.0%), pulegone (4.0%) and carvone (max. 1.0%). All three herbs gives relief from cough and cold, throat irritation and treating bronchitis.

Effect of environmental education on the knowledge of aquatic ecosystems and reconnection with nature in early childhood.

Blue and green ecosystems are considered a key for the improvement of cities sustainability, providing numerous ecosystem services and habitat for many species. However, urban streams are still neglected and degraded, specially in southern European countries. One important step towards the rehabilitation of these ecosystems is the awareness of their importance by citizens. This study aimed to assess the effect of 1-year of activities (field and laboratory) of an environmental education project on primary school children, in improving their knowledge on urban stream ecosystems and their problems. We analyzed students’ questionnaires before and after field and laboratory activities, drawings and group interviews. Initially, most children had incipient contact with rivers and streams, showing fears and lack of knowledge about them. As the project progressed, their perceptions changed, with a clear increase in the proportion of students recognizing the biodiversity associated to rivers (e.g., names of riparian trees, aquatic plants and invertebrates). Also, their fears decreased significantly, while their awareness to the impacts of artificialization and lack of riparian vegetation increased. Our results show that direct contact with nature have a positive role in the way it is understood by children, as well as promoting responsible and sustainable behaviors, being effective from the early primary-school years.

Genus mallotus (euphorbiaceae): a review on traditional medicinal use, phytochemistry and biological activities

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae family) includes 124 accepted names and distributes in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Some Mallotus species are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis, enteritis stomach, disorders, cholelithiasis, anti-cancer, gastric, and duodenal ulcers.
 Aim of the study: According to the Scifinder database, this is the first review study that focuses on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Mallotus genus (17 Mallotus species) to understand the link between the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivities. Thus, they provides a scientific fundamental for further research in the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of their species.
 Materials and methods: Information about the Mallotus genus was collected using various databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Sci-hub, Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, ACS publications, and SpringerLink between 1978 and 2021. Plant names were validated by “The Plant List” (www.theplantlist.org).
 Results: Up to now, total 325 compounds were reported from Mallotus species, including phloroglucinols, steroids, coumarins, benzopyrans, flavonoids, chalcones, galics, and bergenins. The extracts and phytochemical constituents of the Mallotus genus are a rich source of biologically active, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-virus, and other activities.
 Conclusions: The review indicated that the Mallotus genus is a promising source of biological activities compounds, special anti-cancer chromanes. The results of this review confirm the great potential of Mallotus species. Thus, it will be helpful for further research in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Mallotus genus.

Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region – Soloq, Libya

A field survey was carried out to highlight the most important and problematic weeds of barley crop at District Beir Bullerjam, Soloq Region, Libya for two seasons (2020 to 2021). The current study is based on field research where recorded most weed the grown species by survey followed by using quadrats and finally calculating the weed density and their frequency. samples from the fields of the barley crop using a quadrat of size 1 m × 1 m randomly thrown at different points in the fields. The plants were identified with the help of available literature and through comparison with the already identified plant species. Data inventory has been documented in the form of family, Botanical name, vernacular name and life cycle. A total of 67 weed species belonging to 54 genera and 21 families of angiosperms. The dominant families according to the number of species were Asteraceae (14 species), Fabaceae (11 species), Poaceae (9 species), and Brassicaceae (7 species). The most dominant life cycle was annuals having 57 followed by perennials having nine species and biennials represented by only two species.The results further revealed that the highest density (43.48 mˉ²) and (30.36 mˉ²) were recorded for Lolium rigidum and Melilotus indicus respectively, while the highest frequency were recorded for Melilotus indicus and Eruca sativa with 84% and 80 respectively.

An ethnobotanical study on the wild edible plants used by forest dwellers in Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur, India

Background: The study documented the wild edible plants (WEPs) used by forest dwellers in the Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary (YLWLS), Manipur, India. The inhabitants of YLWLS belong to the Thadou, Meitei, and Maring communities. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out from March 2018 to February 2020. The elderly local people, local healers, forest staff, and vendors in local markets participated in the survey. The respondents were selected through snowball sampling method. The ethnobotanical information was gathered from the respondents, especially the elderly people, local healers, forest staff, and vendors through interviews. The questionnaire used was a semi-structured type. The data was collected on parameters such as vernacular name, botanical name, family, the life form or habit of the species, information on flowering and fruiting, the plant part used, mode of consumption, medicinal use, marketability, and price. The voucher specimens of the wild edible plants were collected and identified with the help of literature. Results: One hundred and eight taxa belonging to 86 genera and 50 families of WEPs were documented. Zingiberaceae was the most dominant family with seven species used as WEPs. Herbs were most dominant with 42 species. Nine species bore flowers and fruits all year round. Maximum species (49 species) were consumed after cooking. Forty-nine species out of the 108 WEP species were consumed for their medicinal values. Sixty six species (61%) of WEPs were marketed. The highest-priced species were Asparagus racemosus (INR 180-220/kg; USD 2.41-2.95) and Cinnamomum verum (INR 150-200/kg; USD 2.01-2.68). The use of the pseudostem of Ensete glaucum as food is a new report for Manipur. Conclusions: The forest dwellers depend on the WEPs for their food, medicine, traditional ceremonies, and source of livelihood. Some species of WEPs could be propagated for conservation, management, and sustainable utilization, which would help in generating additional income for the locals. Keywords: Wild edible plants, forest dwellers, Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary, Manipur

A provisional checklist of European butterfly larval foodplants

Successful conservation of butterflies is dependent on knowing which larval foodplants they use. However, many published lists of larval foodplants have been copied from previous lists, which in turn have been copied from previous lists. Consequently, errors have crept in, and many plant names have long been superseded. This can result in duplicates in the list, with the same plant being given two different names. Most plant lists do not include the authority, which can make it difficult or impossible to identify which plant is being referred to. For the first time, a list of the current accepted plant names utilised by 471 European butterfly larvae is presented, with references. Where possible, errors in previous lists have been removed. The list of larval foodplants doubled from previous published lists. This has resulted in a list of 1506 different plant species in 72 different families. 86 plant records are only known at the generic level. Larval foodplants of 25 butterfly species are currently unknown. Whilst most plant families are utilised by less than six butterfly species, a few plant families are particularly favoured, with the Poaceae and Fabaceae being the most popular. Similarly, most plant species are only utilised by a few butterfly species, butFestuca ovinaandFestuca rubraare favoured by a large number of butterfly species. 20% of European butterfly larvae are monophagous, 50% are oligophagous, and 30% are polyphagous, withCelastrina argiolusable to use plants in 19 different families.

Diversity and use of medicinal plants for traditional women's health care in Northern Banyumas, Indonesia

Abstract. Utaminingrum W, Nofrianti, Hartanti D. 2022. Diversity and use of medicinal plants for traditional women's health care in Northern Banyumas. Biodiversitas 23: 1970-1976. This study aimed to record the diversity and utilization of medicinal plants for maintaining women's health in Northern Banyumas (Central Java, Indonesia) using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Semi-structured interviews with 97 informants were conducted to collect data on local plant names, plant parts, herbal preparation, and application of plants used for traditional women's health care. The value and importance of the plants to the people in the surveyed areas were quantitatively determined by the species use-value (SUV), the relative frequency of citation (RFC), and fidelity level (FL). The local community cited 21 plant species belonging to 10 families. The most frequently used plant part, preparation, and application were fruits and rhizomes (32.6% each), infusion (83.7%), and oral (88.4%), respectively. There were four use-category of the plants, i.e., post-partum, pre-menstrual syndrome, lactation stimulant, and leukorrhoea. The most valuable plants were Curcuma longa L., Piper betle L., and Kaempferia galanga L. with SUV of 0.41, 0.34, and 0.21, respectively. The C. longa and P. betle were also recorded as the most important plants with RFC values of 0.63 and 0.40. These findings confirm the status of Zingiberaceae as the main component of jamu (traditional medicine) to maintain women's health.

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the "NALIKE" community in the Bantwala taluk of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India

The "Nalike" community, also known as Panar, is one of the tribal communities in the Bantwala taluk in Karnataka's Dakshina Kannada district. In addition to the practise of ritual dance, the majority of the families in this community embrace traditional medication as a source of income. For the ethnobotanical survey, a total of 25 informants were chosen and documented 160 medicinal plant species from 65 families including their botanical name, trivial name, family name, plant parts used, and medicinal uses. The most frequent families are Leguminosae (17 species), Rubiaceae (9 species), Apocynaceae (7 species), Myrtaceae (7 species), and Lamiaceae (7 species). To cure various disorders, different portions of medicinal plants are employed in the manufacture of various types of traditional medicine such as decoction, infusion, paste, or powder. A total of 39 diseases were identified and classified into nine disease categories. All informants treat paralysis with Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, as well as other medicinal plants in various combinations, in the category of neurological illnesses.

DOCUMENTATION ON ANTIDIABETIC ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS FROM SATPUDA FOREST REGION OF EAST KHANDESH, INDIA

Study covers the area falls in Jalgaon district situated between 200 -17’ and 210 -26’ north latitude and 740 -47’ and 760 - 28’ east longitude. The study is confined to first two regions only and more specific to Satpuda mountainous ranges of India. Present study reveals about total no. of medicinal plant families ‘82 ‘composed of pteridophytes (3), Dicots (66), and monocots (13). The genera are 234, spread over pteridophytes (3), dicots (209) and monocots (22). Similarly, Species are 270 out of which pteridophytes are (3), dicots (244) and monocots (23). The most Prominent & common method of administration of medicinal plants is oral 252(56.00%) followed by external 109(24.22%), internal applications are 49 (10.08%), poultice 31 (6.88%), smoking 3 (0.66%) and inhalation 4 (0.88%) and steam bath 2 (0.44%). The present paper highlights 15 ethno medicinal plants used as antidiabetic with reference to Vernacular and Botanical name, part(s) used, quantity, mode of administration and dosage.

An overview on the brazilian electricity production based on biomass / Uma visão geral sobre a produção brasileira de eletricidade com base na biomassa

In Brazil, renewable sources have gradually assumed an important role in the generation of electricity. This work aims to present the main sources of biomass used for electricity production in the country such as sugarcane, black liquor, forest residue, charcoal, rice hulls, elephant grass, biogas (animal and agriculture waste) and biomass for blast furnace gas generation. Based on official data, the article presents the main biomass sources for electricity production, their power generation capability and respective geographical location along the country. Additionally, the names of main power generation plants based on biomass are listed, and their characteristics are discussed.

Placental Social Ethics: Designing for Epistemologies of Resistance

Placental Social Ethics: Designing for Epistemologies of Resistance