Name-based Routing Research Articles

Data Lifetime Enhancement for Improving QoS in NDN

Because of the further development of the Internet, the high-speed and image-related services now have occupied most of the network resources. For this reason, the Next Generation Network (NGN) will aim at optimizing ISP networks. Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the Named Data Networking (NDN) project purposes to attain automatic caching of data and create a name-based routing mechanism for promoting reaction time and decreasing throughput. To present an applicable QoS mechanism for the NDN architecture, this paper proposes to classify different types of data and imports the idea of data lifetime, which means that an IP packet that has been in the network too long should be discarded, to take the place of traditional memory update methods, like the Fist In, First Out (FIFO) algorithm and the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm. In our proposed scheme, data must be classified at the source and different lifetime is defined for different data types in order to decrease the load of the Content Store (CS). Without additional service latency, our scheme reduces not only the cost of memory construction but also the service latency for NDN under low throughput situations. In addition, this scheme can regulate the data lifetime dynamically and optimize the length of the lifetime based on network parameters. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme decreases approximately 15% of service latency under low throughput situations.

NAME: A Naming Mechanism for Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network

This paper presents the design and implementation of the naming mechanism (NAME), a resource discovery and service location approach for Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN). First discuss the architecture of NAME mainly including Name Knowledge Base, Name Dissemination, Name Resolution and Name-based Routing. In the design and implementation of NAME, we introduce the simple namespecifiers to describe name, the name-tree for name storage and the efficient predicate-based routing algorithm. Future work is finally discussed for completing NAME and providing APIs for abundant applications.

Topology-aware content-centric networking

Making data the first class entity, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) replaces conventional host-to-host model with content sharing model. However, the huge amount of content and the volatility of replicas cached across the Internet pose significant challenges for addressing content only by name. In this paper, we propose a topology-aware name-based routing protocol which combines the benefits of location-oriented routing and content-centric routing together. We adopt a URL-like naming scheme, which defines register locations and content identifier. Node with copies sends Register messages towards a register using location-oriented routing protocols. All en-path routers record forwarding entries in forwarding table (FIB) as the "bread crumb" to this content. Following the bread crumb, routers know the "best" topology path to the available copies. An Interest is either forwarded towards a "known" copy by the content identifier, or towards the register nodes where it would find the bread crumb to the "best" copies. Compared with the existing flooding or name resolution methods, Our design shows a good potential in terms of scalability, availability and overhead.

정보 중심 네트워크를 위한 이름 기반 라우팅 프로토콜의 비교 및 분석

ICN (Information-Centric Network) is a next generation Internet communication technology for converting existing Internet communication paradigm to information-based communication paradigm to efficiently use a large amount of information that exists on the Internet. Therefore, unlike existing Internet communication technologies focused on the process of communication using the host address, ICN focuses on the purpose of communication for each information by defining the information of everything that exists on the Internet. For this purpose, ICN uses NbR (Name-based Routing) methods that assign a name to each piece of information, all routers participating in ICN have the physical storage so that they are able to share information with each other. NbR methods on ICN are divided into one-phase routing and two-phase routing depending on how to reach at the storage of each router. However, currently proposed NbR methods cause many problems because they do not reflect the unique characteristics of ICN. Therefore, this paper looked at various NbR issues from caching, access time, distribution, mobility, scaliability, and dissemination of information for an efficient NbR method, and analyzed existing methods proposed for ICN. This paper also proposed a research direction to study the efficient NbR for ICN based on the analysis information.

Network of Information (NetInf) – An information-centric networking architecture

Information-centric networking (ICN) is a promising approach to networking that has the potential to provide better – more natural and more efficient – solutions for many of today’s important communication applications including but not limited to large-scale content distribution. This article describes the Network of Information (NetInf) architecture – a specific ICN approach that targets global-scale communication and supports many different types of networks and deployments, including traditional Internet access/core network configurations, data centers, as well as challenged and infrastructure-less networks. NetInf’s approach to connecting different technology and administrative domains into a single information-centric network is based on a hybrid name-based routing and name resolution scheme. In this article, we describe the most important requirements that motivated the NetInf design. We present an architecture overview and discuss the different architecture elements such as naming, message forwarding, caching, and a name resolution service (NRS) in detail. As efficient caching and a scalable NRS are two main success factors, we present an evaluation of both elements based on a theoretical analysis, complemental simulation results, and prototyping results. The results suggest that a scalable NRS for 1015 and more objects with resolution latencies (well) below 100ms is possible, implying that a global Network of Information that removes the need for today’s application-specific overlay solutions is feasible.

Resource Name-Based Routing in the Network Layer

New network architectures and routing technologies are being proposed to reflect the changes in the current trend of Internet communication that are becoming more and more resource-centric; the demand for the hierarchically structured resource in the network is emphasized, not the location of the resource. Therefore, routing by the resource rather than routing by the conventional Internet protocol address is more suitable for the future Internet with some attractive advantages such as reducing the burden of resolving identifier to location and achieving higher scalability by using a provider-independent addressing structure. In this paper, we propose resource name-based routing within the routers in the network layer since te ardware architecture should also be able to support the paradigm shift from host-centric to resource-centric communication. Through evaluating the required network architecture and memory size in routers, we show the feasibility of resource name-based routing by using fully qualified domain names (FQDN) as an example of describing structured information. Using approximately 700 million existing FQDNs, the evaluation result shows that resource name-based routing is feasible even when considering the limitations of ternary content addressable memory size in routers.

Supporting the Web with an information centric network that routes by name

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a new paradigm in which the network layer provides users with content, instead of providing communication channels between hosts, and is aware of the name (or identifiers) of the contents. A fundamental ICN operation is the routing of content requests towards a node that is able to provide the requested content. To meet this goal, different routing architectures have been proposed so far.In this paper, we consider a network that uses a routing-by-name architecture, i.e. content requests are routed on the base of the content name by using a name-based routing table. We focus on the scenario of fetching Web contents, assuming to use ICN in place of traditional TCP/IP means. In this scenario we need to handle tens of billions of name-based routes, due to the high numbers of Web contents and to the limited aggregability of their names. Consequently, re-using the existing architecture of an IP router would result in two severe problems. First, the current Forwarding Information Base (FIB) technology is unable to contain all name-based routes. Second, implementing a so large Routing Information Base (RIB) requires a very costly hardware. In order to overcome these problems, we propose a routing-by-name architecture, named Lookup-and-Cache, where the FIB is used as a cache of routes, while the RIB is stored in a remote and centralized routing engine. By analyzing real Internet traces, we prove the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, which we also show to be feasible with current technology. In fact, our ICN nodes require to have only a limited set of routes in their FIB, even when supporting a high number of traffic flows.We have implemented our proposed Lookup-and-Cache solution within the CCNx software framework and we used this implementation to assess system performance, such as download delay, lookup rate and fairness.The paper is completed with a discussion on how ICN can be used not only to fetch Web contents but also for other scenarios.

A Survey on content-oriented networking for efficient content delivery

As multimedia contents become increasingly dominant and voluminous, the current Internet architecture will reveal its inefficiency in delivering time-sensitive multimedia traffic. To address this issue, there have been studies on contentoriented networking (CON) by decoupling contents from hosts at the networking level. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on content naming and name-based routing, and discuss further research issues in CON. We also quantitatively compare CON routing proposals, and evaluate the impact of the publish/subscribe paradigm and in-network caching.

Virtual Automation Networks: A Solution for Heterogeneous Automation Networks in Manufacturing

Abstract The contribution deals with an interesting technology for purposes of industrial automation. The Virtual Automation Networks (VAN) technology is an advanced Ethernet-based industrial communication system which much better corresponds to requirements of industry than all existing Industrial Ethernets. It enables an effective cooperation of public and private networks with a stress on security, safety and real-time properties. It solves also problems with implementation of different wireless technologies into heterogeneous communication structure of distributed industrial automation systems. Virtual Automation Networks project is under development in one of the integrated projects of the 6 th Framework Program. Authors present main problems of the virtual automation network as architecture, technological platform, network topology and device profiles in an overview. Finally, principal questions of the name-based routing, and OpenVPN tunneling is explained.