To assess the prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), stratified by nodal status (N0 vs. N1), and to evaluate its influence on survival and perioperative outcomes. A retrospective review was conducted of 2787 patients with clinical T1-2 RCC who underwent nephrectomy at a single tertiary center. Patients were categorized by LVI status and pathologic nodal stage (N0 or N1). Clinicopathological features, perioperative outcomes, and oncologic endpoints-including recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS)-were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Among N0 patients, LVI-positive tumors were associated with adverse preoperative markers, higher Fuhrman grades, larger tumor sizes, and poorer perioperative outcomes. These associations were not observed in N1 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly lower RFS, DSS, and OS among patients with LVI in the N0 group (all p < 0.001), but not in the N1 group. In multivariable analysis for N0 patients, LVI remained an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio 1.804, 95% confidence interval 1.107-2.939, p = 0.018). LVI is a significant prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in node-negative RCC, but not in node-positive disease. These results support a stage-dependent interpretation of LVI and its incorporation into postoperative surveillance and individualized risk stratification for patients with low-stage RCC.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays dual-faced roles in physiological regulation and food quality, demanding detection tools with high sensitivity, specificity, and self-validating capability. Herein, a dual-mode biosensor integrating fluorescence (FL) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is developed for ultrasensitive detection and mitochondrial-targeted imaging of H2S. The biosensor is constructed based on an azide-functionalized metal-organic framework (UiO-66-N3) coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), where the electron-withdrawing -N3 group serves simultaneously as an FL quencher and a SERS reporter. Upon H2S exposure, the selective reduction of -N3 to -NH2 triggers an FL turn-on response and a concomitant SERS signal attenuation. This dual-response mechanism allows for quantitative H2S detection across a wide dynamic range (0.01-500 nM), with detection limits reaching as low as the pM level. Further functionalization with a mucin1 aptamer and a mitochondrial localization sequence empowers tumor-specific mitochondrial targeting and high-fidelity imaging of endogenous H2S. The biosensor demonstrates robust applicability in complex beer and wine samples and enables real-time tracking of mitochondrial H2S fluctuations in living cells. This work establishes a versatile and self-validating sensing platform that bridges materials design with practical bioanalysis, highlighting its broad potential in food safety monitoring and biomedical diagnostics.

Objective: To investigate risk factors for postoperative lymph node metastasis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after curative resection. Methods: This retrospective case-series study consecutively enrolled 230 patients who underwent initial curative hepatectomy and were pathologically confirmed as ICC at Peking University People's Hospital between January 2015 and September 2025. The cohort comprised 120 men (52.2%) and 110 women (47.8%), with an age (M(IQR)) of 59 (14) years (range:31 to 83 years). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses based on lymph node status (N0, N1, and Nx) were conducted to explore the impact of lymphadenectomy extent and postoperative adjuvant therapy on prognosis across subgroups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to assess the association between lymph node ratio (LNR) and survival outcomes. Results: Among the 230 ICC patients, 144 underwent lymphadenectomy, with a lymph node metastasis rate of 38.9% (56/144). Multivariable logistic regression identified carcinoembryonic antigen >4.7 μg/L (OR=5.895, P=0.030), preoperative radiological lymphadenopathy (OR=11.822, P=0.006), and large duct type histological subtype (OR=18.224, P=0.001) as independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Survival analyses showed that lymph node metastasis was associated with shortened OS and RFS (both P<0.01). In subgroup analyses of lymphadenectomy, retrieval of ≥6 lymph nodes prolonged RFS in the N1 group (P=0.004) but did not improve OS; in the N0 group, retrieval of <6 lymph nodes was associated with better OS and RFS compared with ≥6 nodes (both P<0.05). RCS analysis demonstrated a significant linear association between LNR and RFS (P=0.006), whereas no association was observed between LNR and OS (P=0.451). Regarding adjuvant therapy, adjuvant treatment improved OS in the overall cohort (P=0.039) but did not prolong RFS (P>0.05). In the N1 group, adjuvant therapy improved OS (P=0.031); in the N0 group, it improved RFS (P=0.031); however, no survival benefit was observed in the Nx group (both P>0.05). Conclusions: Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, preoperative lymphadenopathy, and large duct type histological subtype are independent risk factors for postoperative lymph node metastasis in ICC. Lymph node status significantly affects prognosis. Patients with lymph node-positive disease may benefit from retrieval of ≥6 lymph nodes and postoperative adjuvant therapy, whereas excessive lymphadenectomy should be avoided in lymph node-negative patients, in whom adjuvant therapy mainly contributes to delaying recurrence.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of two antihypertensive combinations, Amlodipine with Atenolol and Amlodipine with Telmisartan, among hypertensive patients attending a rural community health centre in Andhra Pradesh. The study aimed to evaluate the economic efficiency of these regimens in relation to their clinical outcomes. Specific objectives included assessing the clinical effectiveness of both combinations in controlling systolic and diastolic blood pressure and determining their respective cost-effectiveness ratios for the target population. The findings were intended to identify a clinically effective and economically sustainable antihypertensive therapy suitable for resource-limited rural healthcare settings. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over two months among 106 hypertensive patients, divided equally into two treatment groups (n1 = 53; n2 = 53). Blood pressure measurements were recorded at baseline and during two follow-up visits at one-month intervals. Drug costs were obtained from the hospital pharmacy index. Clinical effectiveness was assessed through reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pharmacoeconomic evaluation was performed using cost-effectiveness ratios and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Both combinations produced significant reductions in systolic blood pressure readings (p&lt;0.05) mean diastolic blood pressure reduction was almost similar in both groups, while mean systolicblood pressure reduction was significant. Pricing analysis showed substantially lower costs for the Amlodipine+Atenolol regimen. Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed more favourable outcomes for Amlodipine+Atenolol (C/E = 1.24) compared with Amlodipine+Telmisartan (C/E = 1.86). The ICER value (8.26) indicated that the Telmisartan combination provided minimal additional benefit at a significantly higher cost. Conclusion: Although both regimens effectively lowered blood pressure, Amlodipine+Atenolol demonstrated markedly superior cost-effectiveness. This combination represents a more affordable and sustainable option for hypertension management in rural primary care settings, supporting its preferential use in resource-limited populations.

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a malignant extramedullary tumor that occurs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The standard first-line treatment for MS is intensive chemotherapy according to the AML protocol, regardless of bone marrow involvement. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in the treatment of pediatric patients with MS requires further investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate treatment outcomes for MS in pediatric patients with a focus on assessing the impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) on treatment efficacy. Material and Methods: The study included 64 patients aged 0 to 19 years from 15 pediatric oncology centers in Poland who were diagnosed with MS between 1998 and 2024. An Excel database was created to collect data on clinical features and treatment methods and outcomes. Results: The probability of 5-year overall survival (pOS) for the entire cohort was 0.63 ± 0.07, while the 5-year event-free survival (pEFS) and 5-year relapse-free survival (pRFS) were 0.62 ± 0.07 and 0.72 ± 0.07, respectively. Treatment outcomes were compared between patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in first complete remission (ICR) (n1 = 17/64; 27%) and those who did not receive alloHSCT (n2 = 47/64; 73%). In the alloHSCT group (n1), the estimated survival probabilities were pOS = 0.49 ± 0.13, pEFS = 0.44 ± 0.14, and pRFS = 0.40 ± 0.14. In the non-alloHSCT group (n2), these values were pOS = 0.68 ± 0.08, pEFS = 0.68 ± 0.08, and pRFS = 0.84 ± 0.06. The difference in pRFS between groups n1 and n2 was statistically significant (p = 0.0049). Extramedullary relapses were more frequently observed in patients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) does not improve the outcome of patients with MS. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for sustaining remission in patients with MS after alloHSCT.

Introduction with Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the Histopathological Evaluation of Post-Operative Biopsies in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, DDCH. A total 85 cases were selected as study population as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. After data collection and processing, all statistical analysis were done by SPSS software windows version 29. Result: A large proportion of patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 62.35% in Stage IV. Perineural invasion was present in 30.5% of cases, and lymphovascular invasion was seen in 31.8%. Histologically, the majority of cases were Grade I (76.4%), and Anneroth's Grade II (40%) was the most common. Adjacent bone involvement was found in 37.6% of cases, while 20% of patients exhibited tumor necrosis. Salivary gland involvement was noted in 17.6% of cases. Pathological TNM staging revealed the highest number of patients in the PT4aN0Mx group (19.10%) and the N0 group (48.23%). The study also examined the depth of invasion, with most cases falling between 1-9 mm (18.82%) and 10-19 mm (18.82%). Extranodal extension was present in 12 cases, and several statistically significant associations were found between histopathological features, such as the highly significant relationship between perineural invasion and bony involvement. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study identifies key socio-demographic and clinical traits of oral cancer patients, revealing frequent perineural, lymphovascular, and bone involvement that indicate the disease’s aggressive nature. Medicine Today 2026, Vol.38 (1): 60-64

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a high rate of postoperative recurrence, and conventional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging does not fully reflect its biological heterogeneity. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in tumor progression and remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the spatial distribution of HIF-1α and its prognostic significance in the context of different lymph node metastatic states remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the densities of HIF-1α-expressing tumor cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in the primary tumors of NSCLC patients, and to assess their associations with lymph node metastasis and postoperative recurrence. 256 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens from NSCLC patients who underwent radical resection at Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 were retrospectively collected. Tissue microarrays containing both tumor center (TC) and invasive margin (IM) regions were constructed and multiplex immunofluorescence staining [HIF-1α/CD4/CD8/cytokeratin (CK)/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)] were performed to quantitatively analyze the densities of HIF-1α-expressing tumor cells (HIF-1α+CK+), HIF-1α+CD4+ T cells and HIF-1α+CD8+ T cells. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare cellular density differences between N0 versus N1-2 groups and N1 versus N2 subgroups, while Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to identify critical recurrence-associated factors. The study ultimately included 256 patients with stage IA-IIIB NSCLC, with a median follow-up duration of 37.05 months, during which 87 cases (34.0%) experienced recurrence. Comparative analysis revealed that in both TC and IM regions, the N1-2 group exhibited significantly higher densities of HIF-1α+CK+ cells (P values: 0.039 and <0.001, respectively) and lower densities of HIF-1α+CD8+ cells (both P values: <0.001) compared to the N0 group, while no statistically significant differences were observed in the densities of HIF-1α+CK+ cells, HIF-1α+CD4+ cells, or HIF-1α+CD8+ cells between N1 and N2 subgroups within either TC or IM regions (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, among N0 patients, a low density of HIF-1α+CD8+ cells in the TC was an independent risk factor for recurrence in NSCLC patients [hazard ratio (HR)=1.998, 95%CI: 1.077-3.705, P=0.028]. In contrast, among N1 and N2 patients, the densities of HIF-1α+CK+ cells, HIF-1α+CD4+ T cells, and HIF-1α+CD8+ cells in both the TC and IM regions were not significantly associated with NSCLC recurrence. In patients with NSCLC, lymph node metastasis is closely associated with alterations in the densities of HIF-1α-related cellular subpopulations in the primary tumor. A reduced density of HIF-1α+CD8+ cells in the TC of the primary lesion is significantly associated with postoperative recurrence in N0-stage NSCLC patients and may serve as a potential immunological marker for postoperative risk stratification.

Abstract Background: The comparative benefit of chemotherapy (CT) versus endocrine therapy (ET) in premenopausal women with stage I-III estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), and HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study examined differences in survival outcomes among patients with node-negative (N0) and node-positive (N1) disease stratified by treatment modality. Methods: We analyzed data from NCDB for women &amp;lt;50 years with ER+ and/or PR+, HER2−, stage I-III BC from 2005 to 2018. Collected variables included tumor size, grade, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, and treatment history (ET, CT, radiation therapy [RT]). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared between CT and ET groups using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify independent predictors of OS. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-sided α level of 0.05. Results: Among 376,303 eligible patients, 168,741 (44.8%) had N0 and 83,428 (22.2%) had N1 disease. Median age was 45 years (range: 18-50). In the N0 group, 71,733 (42.5%) received ET alone and 97,008 (57.5%) received CT. Compared to ET-only recipients, CT-treated patients were younger and more likely to have grade 3/4 tumors, larger tumor size, LVI, PR-negative disease, and no RT (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In the N1 group, 5,658 (6.8%) received only ET and 77,770 (93.2%) received CT. Similar trends were observed, although RT was more commonly given in CT recipients (P &amp;lt; 0.01). OS was superior in patients treated with ET alone versus CT across both nodal cohorts. Among N0 patients, 4-year OS was 99.2% with ET vs. 96.4% with CT, and 6-year OS was 97.3% vs. 92.7% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for both). In the N1 group, ET was associated with 4-year OS of 96.9% vs. 93.5% for CT, and 6-year OS of 91.0% vs. 87.0% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for both). On multivariable analysis (Table 1), larger tumor size, high grade malignancy, PR-negative status, heavy comorbidity burden, and absence of RT were associated with worse OS in all patients (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Interestingly, CT was independently associated with worse OS in N0 cohort but improved OS in N1 population. Conclusions: In premenopausal women with early-stage ER+/PR+, HER2- BC, ET alone was associated with superior OS in N0 disease. In contrast, CT improved OS in patients with N1 disease. These findings support the consideration of ET monotherapy as a potential alternative to CT in carefully selected N0 premenopausal patients. This work was limited by the inability to evaluate the role of ovarian function suppression. Future studies should explore the addition of ovarian suppression to ET as a strategy for safely omitting CT in N0 population. Citation Format: L. Lei, A. Marra, M. Canning, J. Switchenko, S. Gandhi. Survival Outcome in Premenopausal ER+/PR+ HER2− Breast Cancer Stratified by Nodal Status: a National Cancer Database (NCDB) Experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS3-10-14.

As a source of non-protein nitrogen, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is widely utilized in ruminant diets to reduce feed costs. However, the impact of its supplementation level on the flavor of sheep meat remains unclear, despite the known influence of fat on meat flavor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary NH4Cl supplementation levels on the lipidome and flavor compounds of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Tibetan sheep, providing a scientific basis for dietary optimization in Tibetan sheep farming. Eighty 2-month-old early-weaned Tibetan lambs were selected and randomly allocated into four groups, fed diets supplemented with 0% (N0 group), 1.49% (N1 group), 2.24% (N2 group), and 3.01% (N3 group) NH4Cl for an experimental period of 105 days. The study conducted histomorphological observations, lipidomics analysis, and determination of flavor compounds. The results showed that NH4Cl supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the contents of various unsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Tibetan sheep. Specifically, the total saturated fatty acid (total SFA) content in the N3 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups, while the total monounsaturated fatty acid (total MUFA) content was significantly lower than that in the N1 and N2 groups (p < 0.05). The absolute contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the sum of triglycerides (TGs) and diglycerides (DGs) in the N3 group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the other groups. Regarding flavor compounds, the contents of ketone aroma compounds, such as 2-propanone and 2-butanone monomer, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the N0 group than in the other groups. The ammonia content in the N1 and N3 groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the N0 and N2 groups, while the allyl sulfide content in the N2 group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the other groups. Correlation analysis revealed that the majority of TG and DG differential lipids were significantly positively correlated with allyl sulfide, and most differential lipids belonging to the PC, PE, and hexosylceramide (Hex1Cer) classes were significantly positively correlated with ammonia (|r| ≥ 0.80, p < 0.01). Conversely, PC (16:0_18:3) exhibited significant negative correlations with multiple beneficial aroma compounds (|r| ≥ 0.80, p < 0.01). The study indicates that dietary NH4Cl supplementation levels exceeding 2.24% are associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and reduced synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and beneficial flavor compounds, such as 2-propanone and 2-butanone, in subcutaneous adipose tissue. This is also associated with the abnormal accumulation of phospholipids and ceramides, which correlate strongly with elevated ammonia concentrations in adipose tissue and the generation of oxidation products such as propanal, potentially compromising meat flavor quality.

Cryopreservation of ram semen is an essential tool in assisted reproductive technology; however, oxidative stress generated during the freezing process may compromise sperm quality. This study evaluated the effects of Se and SeNPs on post-thaw sperm quality, PRDX5 expression, and oxidative status in cryopreserved ram semen. In this study, semen samples collected from five mature rams (three collections at 2-week intervals, yielding a total of 15 ejaculates) were frozen in liquid nitrogen using extenders supplemented with selenium (1 μg/mL, S1; 10 μg/mL, S2) or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; 1 μg/mL, N1; 2 μg/mL, N2) alongside a nonsupplemented control extender. Post-thaw sperm quality was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for motility, kinematic parameters, viability, membrane integrity (HOST) assays, chromatin condensation assessment, and morphological analysis. Total oxidant status (TOS) measurements and PRDX5 gene expression analysis were performed separately. Low-dose SeNPs (1 µg/mL) significantly improved total motility (55.73 ± 19.01%), progressive motility (25.05 ± 15.34%), viability (57.27 ± 19.30%), HOST-positive spermatozoa (50.87 ± 18.91%), and morphologically normal spermatozoa (88.27 ± 4.10%) compared with the control and high-dose sodium selenite groups (p < 0.05). Chromatin condensation abnormalities were lowest in the SeNP-treated group. S1 and N2 also improved motility and morphology compared with the control; however, the increases were numerically smaller than those observed in the N1 group. In contrast, S2 supplementation showed limited benefit, with values that were similar to those of the control. Morphologically normal spermatozoa were highest in N1, followed by S1 and N2, while S2 and the control exhibited the lowest values (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were detected in TOS or PRDX5 gene expression among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that low-dose SeNPs enhance post-thaw sperm functional integrity and cryotolerance without inducing measurable changes in bulk oxidative markers or gene transcription.

Bioorthogonal and synthetic biology-engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles for enhanced photo-immunotherapy.

BackgroundHashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland mediated by autoimmune disorders, often leading to hypothyroidism and a significant reduction in a patient’s quality of life. At the time of this writing, there is a lack of effective clinical treatments for early-stage HT. Kangjia decoction granules (KDGs) were developed based on clinical experience and results analysis, showing promising outcomes in improving antibody levels and quality of life in patients with HT. However, there is a lack of further evaluation of the efficacy and safety of KDGs.ObjectiveThis pilot study aims to further understand and validate the efficacy and safety of KDGs for treating HT through clinical research and comprehensively assess the benefits of this intervention for patients.MethodsThis study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants meeting the HT diagnostic criteria will be randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups (n1=n2=70). The intervention group will receive KDG treatment, whereas the control group will receive a placebo treatment. All participants will undergo treatment for 3 months. Changes in antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include antithyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), thyrotropin, also known as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormone (T4), serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid ultrasonography, IL17 mRNA and FOXP3 mRNA, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome efficacy scores, and quality of life scale scores. Throughout the treatment and follow-up periods, safety indicators, such as routine blood and urine tests, hepatic and renal function, electrocardiography, and major adverse reactions, will be monitored.ResultsThe research protocol and informed consent form received approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on December 14, 2022 (Approval No. 2022-123). Participant recruitment commenced in June 2023. All intervention and concurrent data collection activities were scheduled for completion by October 2025. Data management is still ongoing; therefore, data analysis has not yet been performed.ConclusionsThis study’s findings will offer initial clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of the TCM compound KDGs in modulating peripheral immunity in patients with HT, decreasing autoimmune antibody levels, ameliorating TCM syndromes, and enhancing quality of life. These results will serve as a basis for future large-scale trial designs.Trial RegistrationChina Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR2300070184; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=189169International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/80993

Hypothyroidism is common among females of reproductive age group. The prevalence is 10.95 % of which 3.47 % are unaware of the condition and its effect on lung function. To study the pulmonary function among hypothyroid females of reproductive age group and to identify the respiratory disease pattern and also to correlate free T3, T4 and TSH Levels with pulmonary function test parameters. This is a case control study, comprised of 156 participants divided into two groups (n1 and n2). Group 1 consisted of normal healthy female controls and group 2 consisted of hypothyroid female patients of age group 18-45 years. After recording anthropometric variables, vital signs and BMI, spirometry was performed and following parameters, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PIF and FEF25-75 % were assessed and analyzed. Statistical analysis and correlation wasdone. Hypothyroid patients showed a statistically significant decline in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%. Rho and Pearson's correlation showed a positive correlation between free T4 and FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, PIF, FEF25-75 %, with FEF25-75 % statistically significant. TSH showed a negative correlation with FVC, PEF and PIF with PEF statistically significant. Our study shows that patients with hypothyroidism are more prone to develop obstructive pattern of lung disease, with a decline in small airway and large airway function.

A professional golf tournament typically consists of four rounds, with each round lasting at least 3.5 hours. During the competition, golfers are required to adhere to the principle of “walking briskly and playing steadily” to complete the entire tournament. Adequate physical fitness and good aerobic capacity are essential for athletes to sustain their performance. Superior aerobic endurance serves as the foundation for completing a golf competition. This study aims to compare and analyze the aerobic endurance indicators of female college golfers at different skill levels during their training phases, in order to enhance the aerobic capacity of golf athletes. Method: Eight female golfers were divided into two groups: a group (N1) and a general level group (N2). Using the Cosmed pulmonary testing device and Polar heart rate monitoring devices, indicators such as Respiratory Frequency (Rf), Ventilatory-Perfusion Ratio (VE/VO ₂ ), Ventilatory-Carbon Dioxide Ratio (VE/VCO ₂ ), Energy Expenditure (EEm), Heart Rate Recovery (HR), and Relative Oxygen Uptake (VO ₂ /kg) were measured during the exercise phase of the treadmill test. The data were analyzed using t-tests. 1) The only significant difference between the N1 and N2 groups was in Respiratory Frequency (Rf) (P &lt; 0.05), while other indicators showed no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05). 2) The mean values of VE/VO ₂ , VO ₂ /kg, and HR were higher in the N1 group than in the N2 group. 3) In the N1 group, VE/VO ₂ and VE/VCO ₂ were positively correlated (P &lt; 0.05). In the N2 group, EEm was positively correlated with Rf (P &lt; 0.05), while HR was negatively correlated with VE/VO ₂ (P &lt; 0.05). 1) The N1 group had a higher VO ₂ /kg value than the N2 group, indicating more efficient energy uptake during exercise. 2) The N1 group had lower EEm values than the N2 group, suggesting that they consumed less energy during the same intensity of exercise. 3) The N1 group had lower Rf and VE/VCO ₂ values than the N2 group, indicating stronger metabolic adaptation during high-intensity exercise. The high-level group demonstrated superior aerobic capacity compared to the general level group. Excellent aerobic capacity enables golfers to maintain their competitive form and optimal performance during high-intensity, continuous competitions.

Photocatalyst mediated FL/PEC dual-mode strategy for microRNAs logic detection based on DSN enzyme assisted amplification strategy.

N1 and N2 neutrophil phenotypes may play differential roles in stimulating the endochondral ossification behaviors of ATDC5 cells.

Prognostic comparison of lymph node metastasis subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma: clinical implications of intranodal metastasis versus extranodal extension for optimizing R classification.

BackgroundThe accurate preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node (ALN) status is critical for therapeutic decision-making in primary breast cancer (BC), yet current methods are either invasive or lack precision. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of machine learning models based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in conjunction with clinicopathologic data, in predicting different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) lymph node (N) stages in patients with BC.MethodsThe data of 605 BC patients were retrospectively analyzed and separated into training and test sets. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, a predictive model was established via machine learning techniques. Clinicopathologic features were assessed through both univariable and multivariable logistic regressions (LRs) to select variables for constructing clinical models. The optimal radiomics and clinical models were identified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and integrated into a combined model. The clinical utility of this combined model was evaluated via decision curve analysis (DCA), which confirmed its superior diagnostic accuracy in detecting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).ResultsThe combined model yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.890 and 0.854 in the training and test sets, respectively. Additionally, in differentiating the N1 group from the N2–3 group, the combined model showed strong performance, with AUC values of 0.973 and 0.835 in the training and test sets, respectively. Moreover, the model effectively classified the N0, N1, and N2–3 groups, achieving a micro-AUC of 0.861 and a macro-AUC of 0.812.ConclusionsThe integration of radiomics features with clinicopathologic characteristics provides a robust predictive tool for ALNM, potentially offering a noninvasive and effective approach for clinical decision-making.

Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is a commercially important mariculture species in northern China. Papilla number has been recognized as a key economic trait in sea cucumbers. Notably, significant variation in papilla count exists among different populations. The genetic mechanisms controlling papilla development are not fully understood. In this study, 72 individuals from six geographically distinct sea cucumber populations (Group N1) and 35 individuals from their offspring (Group N2) were analyzed using reduced-representation genome sequencing (RRGS) and whole-genome resequencing (WGS), respectively. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis were conducted to identify the biological pathways and genetic basis underlying variation in papilla number. The GWAS analysis identified two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci on chromosomes 4 and 14 in the Group N1 that were significantly associated with papilla number. Within the vicinity of two SNPs, 48 genes were annotated as putative candidate genes, six of which have been reported to be associated with growth in A. japonicus or other aquatic animals. Selective sweep analysis identified 23 candidate genes in the JZ vs. YT within Group N1 and 39 candidate genes in the G1 vs. G3 within Group N2. Notably, functional enrichment analysis revealed that the Calcium signaling pathway was significantly enriched in both Group N1 and Group N2. This pathway has been demonstrated to regulate key cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation through the activation of downstream signaling cascades. The intersection of results from parental Group N1 and progeny Group N2 yielded a total of six key biological pathways, including biological process, cellular process, cellular anatomical entity, cellular component, membrane, and binding. Collectively, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying papilla number variation in A. japonicus and provide valuable insights for genomic selection in breeding programs.

Megalobrama amblycephala is a key freshwater fish species in Chinese aquaculture, valued for its high artificial propagation success and relative resistance to common aquaculture diseases. However, it is sensitive to hypoxia, and its molecular responses to hypoxic stress in the heart remain relatively unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on myocardial enzyme activities (creatine kinase, creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase), histological structure, and transcriptome changes in the heart of M. amblycephala. The fish were divided into five groups, including normoxia control (N0), hypoxia for 6, 12, and 24h (H6, H12, and H24, respectively), and reoxygenation for 24h (R24) groups. The results showed that hypoxia significantly increased myocardial enzyme activities. Histological analysis revealed that hypoxia induced slight swelling and disorganization of myocardial fibers, while reoxygenation partially restored their structural integrity. Transcriptome sequencing identified 4,269 DEGs, with 964, 1,159, 812, and 1,334 identified in the H6, H12, H24, and R24 groups, respectively, compared to the N0 group. KEGG pathway analysis identified circadian rhythm, cardiac muscle contraction, fatty acid degradation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathways as candidate molecular pathways involved in hypoxia tolerance. Notably, several key genes, including cry5, LOC125248347, cacng5b, atp2a1l, LOC125252961, aldh3a1, gcdha, edn1, atp2a1, gpc1a, and hsp90aa1.2, were significantly up-regulated in the H24 group, highlighting their potential roles in the adaptive responses to hypoxic stress. These findings provide new insights into the physiological, histological, and molecular responses underlying hypoxia adaptation in M. amblycephala, laying the groundwork for future studies on hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms in other economically important fish species.