Black myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is a valuable raw material for the functional food industry due to its rich phytochemical composition and strong antioxidant potential. However, a significant research gap exists regarding the integrated impact of industrial processing and gastrointestinal (GI) digestion dynamics on the bioaccessibility of these bioactive compounds. The aim of the study was to optimize the extraction conditions of pasteurized and concentrated clear myrtle juice, to monitor changes in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS], ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]) during processing, and to evaluate the bioaccessibility of these properties under in vitro GI digestion. Production protocols were mathematically validated utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), in vitro GI simulations, and principal component analysis (PCA)-based multivariate analysis. The findings confirmed that optimized extraction conditions maximize bioactive recovery. Pasteurization significantly (p<0.05) enhanced phenolic bioaccessibility compared to concentrated juices by facilitating matrix destabilization. Conversely, thermal concentration induced substantial anthocyanin degradation, whereas the high antioxidant potential retained in the pomace underscored its viability for value-added valorization. These findings provide critical technological and industrial implications, indicating that mild thermal processing offers a strategic pathway for formulating black myrtle as a scientifically substantiated nutraceutical ingredient while supporting the development of innovative, functionally optimized beverage products.

Introduction: Consumer awareness of the health hazards of synthetic preservatives in food has led to an increase in studies on natural preservatives. Essential oils of Artemisia(Artemisia absinthium L.) essential oil of Myrtus(Myrtus communis L.) and green tea extract are compounds that have the potential to be used in food as natural preservatives. Methods: The antimicrobial and interaction effects of Artemisia and Myrtus essential oil and green tea extract were evaluated against three foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia colie. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by phenotypic method and the antimicrobial effect was determined by checkerboard assay. Tests were repeated three times. Results: MIC assay of Artemisia essential oil showed values ​​of 5/12 μg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia colie and 25 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of Myrtus essential oil was 25 μg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and 125/3 μg/mL for Escherichia coli. Also, the MIC of green tea extract was 50 μg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia colie. Furthermore, fractional antibacterial combination profile (FICP) showed antagonistic interaction (antagonistic effect) and synergistic effect (synergistic effect) between the three agents against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, while no significant interaction (indifference) was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the different antimicrobial potential of extracts derived from these three plants with significant contrast when combined with Escherichia coli, indicating caution in formulating multicomponent natural preservatives for this pathogen. The lack of synergistic or additive effects against Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes the importance of targeted selection and compatibility testing of plant antimicrobials for effective food safety interventions.

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species poses a serious threat to food safety and public health, highlighting the urgent need for natural antimicrobial alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This study investigated the antibacterial potential and mechanism of action of seven essential oils (EOs), Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha pulegium, Artemisia absinthium, Myrtus communis, Thymus algeriensis, Thymus capitatus, and Eucalyptus globulus, against multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The antimicrobial activity was first assessed by the agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The most active EOs were further evaluated through time–kill kinetics, cell lysis, salt tolerance, and membrane integrity assays to elucidate their bactericidal mechanisms. Results showed that E. globulus, T. algeriensis, and M. communis exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects, particularly against C. jejuni, with MIC values ranging from 3.125% to 6.25%, while C. coli was more resistant. Time–kill and lysis experiments demonstrated rapid bacterial reduction and significant decreases in optical density, indicating cell disruption. Additionally, EO treatments reduced salt tolerance and induced leakage of cytoplasmic materials, confirming membrane damage. Overall, these findings suggest that selected essential oils exert potent antimicrobial effects through membrane disruption and osmotic imbalance, offering promising natural strategies to control MDR Campylobacter in food systems. The application of such bioactive compounds could contribute significantly to improving food quality, extending shelf life, and enhancing food safety.

Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis Seeds Exhibit Potent Antioxidant Capacity, Enzyme Inhibition, and Selective Cytotoxicity Against Lung, Breast, Prostate, and Liver Human Cancer Cells

Human sexuality is an important aspect of functionality, and many patients believe that it determines their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction can lead to stress, strained relationships, and a decrease in self-esteem. The majority of modern medical treatments for improving female sexual function are associated with significant side effects and high costs. Traditionally, M. communis has been used to treat sexual impotence. Here, we present the protocol of an interventional clinical phase II study to test the hypothesis that vaginal gel containing Myrtus communis extract can improve sexual function in women of reproductive age. In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled and highly blind clinical phase II trial, 80 women aged 18--40 years with sexual dysfunction meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomized to an intervention group receiving a vaginal gel containing myrtle leaf extract (n = 38) or an active control group receiving a placebo gel with an identical appearance (n = 38). Randomization will be performed via a permuted block technique with random allocation software. This study will be conducted at the women's clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. Blinded assessments of outcome variables will be conducted twice: before treatment and one month after treatment. The primary outcome measure was sexual function. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of the vaginal gel Myrtus communis on the sexual function of married women during reproductive age. The study design presented here fulfills the criteria of a high-quality clinical phase II trial of sexual function. IRCT.behdasht.gov.ir Identifier: IRCT20230723058892N1.

IntroductionHuman sexuality is an important aspect of functionality, and many patients believe that it determines their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction can lead to stress, strained relationships, and a decrease in self-esteem. The majority of modern medical treatments for improving female sexual function are associated with significant side effects and high costs. Traditionally, M. communis has been used to treat sexual impotence. Here, we present the protocol of an interventional clinical phase II study to test the hypothesis that vaginal gel containing Myrtus communis extract can improve sexual function in women of reproductive age.Methods/DesignIn a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled and highly blind clinical phase II trial, 80 women aged 18--40 years with sexual dysfunction meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomized to an intervention group receiving a vaginal gel containing myrtle leaf extract (n = 38) or an active control group receiving a placebo gel with an identical appearance (n = 38). Randomization will be performed via a permuted block technique with random allocation software. This study will be conducted at the women’s clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. Blinded assessments of outcome variables will be conducted twice: before treatment and one month after treatment. The primary outcome measure was sexual function.DiscussionThis randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of the vaginal gel Myrtus communis on the sexual function of married women during reproductive age. The study design presented here fulfills the criteria of a high-quality clinical phase II trial of sexual function.Trial registrationIRCT.behdasht.gov.ir Identifier: IRCT20230723058892N1

The composition and biological activity of bee pollen are strongly influenced by its botanical origin, which is determined by the regional flora and environmental conditions. In Algeria, despite the growing consumption and traditional use of bee products, especially in the Mediterranean region known for its rich floral biodiversity, scientific studies on bee pollen remain scarce. This study aims to characterize bee pollen from the Mediterranean region of Algeria by identifying its botanical origin and evaluating its total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and minerals. A total of 27 bee pollen samples were collected and subjected to palynological analysis to determine their floral sources. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined by standard colorimetric assays, and antioxidant activity was assessed using RSA with a DPPH assay, ABTS+•, and FRAP methods. The results revealed significant variability in the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of the samples, depending on their botanical origin. Pollen types such as Brassica napus type, Acacia, Myrtus communis, and Sinapis alba showed notably higher phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, whereas Hedysarum and Daucus carota pollen exhibited the lowest values. The mineral profile, including macro- and microelements (such as K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Na), was determined to explore the nutritional value and potential correlations with biochemical parameters. These findings highlight the influence of floral biodiversity on the bioactive potential of bee pollen and underscore the value of Algerian bee pollen as a promising source of natural antioxidants.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Myrtus communis L. extract, known for its antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties, to enhance cognitive function and mitigate disease progression in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fifty elderly patients with mild to moderate AD residing in a Kerman nursing home were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted between November 2019 to February 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 25), receiving M. communis L. capsules (500mg each capsule), or a control group (n = 25), receiving placebo capsules. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after four weeks using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scales. Statistical analyses, performed using SPSS version 22, considered a significance level of p < 0.05. All fifty patients completed the four-week trial. Baseline characteristics-including sex, mean age, and education level-were well-matched between the intervention and control groups. After four weeks of treatment, the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function, as evidenced by significantly higher MMSE scores compared to the placebo group (23.4 ± 0.25 vs. 19.6 ± 0.25; p < 0.0001). Concurrently, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in dementia severity, indicated by lower CDR scores compared to the control group (0.8 ± 0.04 vs. 1.5 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that M. communis L. holds promise as a potential complementary therapy for AD, capable of improving cognitive function and potentially slowing disease progression. However, further research is necessary to corroborate these results, elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, and optimize treatment parameters before definitive conclusions can be drawn. irct.ir, ID: 20170702034861N8. Registered on 26/08/2019.

Myrtus communis ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced cardiopulmonary injury in rats: TROD-GROG-003 study

Background: The parts of Myrtus communis ( known as Al-Yas) were collected in Oct. 2023 from several areas in Baghdad, Iraq. Methodology: An aqueous extract was prepared using the traditional method, and gold nanoparticles were subsequently synthesized from the plant extract. Four different concentrations of AuNPs were prepared. Various methods are used to characterize green-manufactured gold nanoparticles and to determine phenol content. The Folin Ciocalteu assay method and the Aluminum chloride method were used for flavonoid determination. Results: The total phenolic content, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, was determined using the following equation, where the phenolic concentration was 33.4 mg/g. According to the straight-line equation, the total flavonoids were 17.66 mg / g of the extracted total flavonoids. A change in the extract color due to a reduction reaction serves as the first indicator for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Additionally, results showed that the diameter of the extract molecules was 253.0 nm, while it was 65.27 nm for green-synthesized AuNPs from crude extract and 44.99 nm for AuNPs from flavonoid. UV-Visible spectroscopy of aqueous extract was absorbed at 285 nm, and it was 550 nm for green synthesized AuNPs from crude extract, while it was 555 nm for AuNPs for flavonoid. Also, FE-SEM images revealed differences in the characteristics of crude extracts and AuNPs derived from crude extracts or from purified flavonoids. Conclusion: These results were promising for obtaining nanoparticles with unique properties via a green method that is environmentally safe.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the in vivo radioprotective effects of Myrtus communis (MC) on the gastrointestinal system.METHODSA total of 30 female rats were divided into four groups: i) Control; ii) irradiation (IR) only; iii) MC-pretreated; and iv) MC-treated. The rats received oral MC extract (100 mg/kg/day) for 4 days before exposure to 10 Gy IR or continued until sacrifice. On the fourth day of IR exposure, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed on the ileum, pancreas, and liver tissues.RESULTSMalondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels decreased in both MC-treated groups, while glutathione levels and Na+-K+-ATPase activity increased (p<0.01), with significant histopathological improvements compared to the IR-only group.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study demonstrate that MC significantly decreases ionizing radiation-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage in the gastrointestinal systems of rats. Therefore, it may be regarded as a new candidate with radioprotective potential for future clinical application.

Synthetic dyes are widely used in textiles, paper, plastic, and other industries, which are toxic and harmful to the environment and humans. Adsorption is an efficient method to control wastewater. Cellulose is an abundant, renewable, and eco-friendly polymer produced by plants and trees. This study examined the possibility of using extracted free cellulose from corrugated cardboard (CC), cellulose composite with AgNPs of Myrtus communis L. extract (CAgM) and cellulose composite with AgNPs of banana peel extract (CAgB) for the removal of the cationic dyes, Safranine-T (ST), from aqueous solutions. The scope of this research included the characterization of sorbents using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy, determination of time contact, adsorbent mass, pH and temperature effect on the effectiveness of dye sorption using 50 mL of solution. The use of waste paper materials as sorbents was found not to pose any severe risk of aquatic environment contamination. Safranine-T (ST) sorption intensities were the highest at pH 8 and pH 10. The waste paper sorbents proved particularly effective in removing cationic dyes, like in the case of CC and CAgM, which had a sorption capacity that reached 89.16% and 84.22 %, respectively, and 84.04% towards CAgM. An adsorption isotherm study showed that the best equation used to describe the adsorption system is the Freundlich equation, with excellent correlation R2 &gt; 0.9707.

General Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections and is increasingly associated with multidrug resistance mediated by extended-spectrum and metallo-β-lactamases. Specific Background: The rapid dissemination of ESBL- and MBL-producing P. aeruginosa has compromised the efficacy of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, creating an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Knowledge Gap: Evidence remains limited regarding the effectiveness of phytochemical nanoemulsions against genetically characterized MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Aims: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a Myrtus communis essential oil nanoemulsion against clinical ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa and examined its association with β-lactam resistance profiles. Results: Among 350 clinical samples, 40 P. aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, with prevalent VIM, IMP, CTX-M, and SHV genes. The formulated nanoemulsion exhibited a mean droplet size of 96.15 nm and demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.07 mg/µL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.2 mg/µL, effectively inhibiting most MDR isolates. Novelty: This study integrates molecular resistance profiling with nanoemulsion-based phytotherapy against MDR P. aeruginosa. Implications: Myrtle nanoemulsion represents a promising adjunct or alternative antimicrobial approach for managing life-threatening MDR infections, particularly in settings with limited therapeutic options.Highlight : ESBL and MBL genes were highly prevalent in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Myrtus communis nanoemulsion showed stable nanoscale properties. Low MIC and MBC values confirmed strong antibacterial activity. Keywords : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Myrtus communis nanoemulsion, Antibiotic resistance, ESBL and MBL genes, Antibacterial activity

The present study aimed to determine the phytochemical characterization, anticancer and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from nine commonly used medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) including Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (Poaceae), Cistus creticus L. (Cistaceae), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), Pinus cembra L. (Pinaceae), Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, and Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton (Asteraceae) taxa from Türkiye. The chemical composition of the EOs was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their antioxidant activities were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging methods. In addition, the anticancer potential of the EOs were assessed using MTT assay against human cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), gastric carcinoma (NCI-N87), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human prostate carcinoma (LNCaP clone FGC-Luc2) cancer cells, as well as non-cancerous human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The antioxidant activities of the EOs varied from 35.21 to 79.12%. Consistent with their antioxidant activities, the anticancer activities of the EOs of C. citratus, L. nobilis and, C. creticus exhibited significantly higher anticancer activities compared to the others. However, almost all EOs were found to inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Among the tested concentrations, the highest anticancer activity was observed against against MCF-7 cells, followed by NCI-N87, LNCaP, and HepG2 cancer cells, with the IC50 values ranging from 15.10 ± 1.00 to 78.12 ± 0.32 µg/mL, respectively. The major components of the EOs distilled from studied MAPs were found as anethole, borneol, carvacrol, citral, α-pinene, eucalyptol and β-citral at different concentrations in the EOs. Overall, it can be clearly concluded that the EO samples distilled from studied MAPs contain valuable bioactive compounds and accordingly exhibit remarkable biological activities.

This study investigated the biochemical composition of three plant species growing in northeastern regions of Libya: Linaria triphlla (Om lawlad), Malva parviflora (Khabiza), and Myrtus communis (Birsim). Leaves and stems were analyzed to determine antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, carbohydrate levels, and mineral concentrations (sodium, potassium, calcium). Spectrophotometry was used to estimate antioxidants, phenols, and carbohydrates, while flame photometry measured mineral content. Results revealed notable variations between leaves and stems. Total phenol content fluctuated between 194.61–295.45 ppm in leaves and 283.449–313.770 ppm in stems, indicating higher phenolic concentrations in stems. Antioxidant values showed minimal variation, ranging from 9.703–9.96 ppm in leaves and 10.198–10.528 ppm in stems. Carbohydrate levels were generally low, with values between 0.016–0.134 ppm in leaves and 0.155–0.419 ppm in stems. Mineral analysis demonstrated greater differences. Sodium concentrations ranged from 0.625–1.208 ppm in leaves and 1.88–16.88 ppm in stems, showing a marked increase in stems. Potassium levels were consistently higher in stems compared to leaves, while calcium concentrations were relatively small in leaves (0.12–0.68 ppm) but higher in stems (0.375–1.541 ppm). Overall, the study highlights those stems of the selected plants generally contain higher levels of phenols, minerals, and carbohydrates compared to leaves, while antioxidant capacity remains relatively stable across plant parts. These findings provide insight into the nutritional and biochemical properties of native Libyan plants, emphasizing their potential value in food science, pharmacology, and traditional medicine.

Myrtus communis L. (common myrtle) is one of the important aromatic and medicinal plants of the family Myrtaceae. Its organs contain sufficient quantities of essential oils, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin pigments, and fatty acids, which make it a promising object for the pharmaceutical and perfume industries. In the Russian Federation, M. communis has been cultivated as an ornamental and essential oil plant on the Southern Coast of Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus since the 19th century. In the Southern Coast of Crimea conditions, M. communis leaf blade and fruit morpho-anatomical characteristics were investigated. However, data on the stem structure is still limited overall. Therefore, the aim of this work was a comparative analysis of the non-woody (young) and woody stem anatomy, as well as the detection of the localization of essential oil and phenolic compounds in its tissues. It was estimated that the young and woody stems of M. communis differed in color and shape and a possible contribution of the axial organs to a whole portion of the essential oil yield was determined. For the first time it was shown that the woody stems of M. communis had a special type of phellem cells that were elongated in the radial direction with thin cell walls. The special structure of the secon- dary dermal tissue may cause freezing of shoots and limit the spread of M. communis beyond the humid and dry subtropics of the Russian Federation. Qualitative histochemical studies revealed accumulation of essential oil in the cavities of young and woody stems, with suberization of the endogenous secretory structure sheath layer cells and a tendency for their destruction as the periderm develops. Phenolic compounds are found in stem tissues, some of which are structurally linked to cell walls, while others accumulate in the protoplasts of the epidermis, parenchyma, and phloem, in the greatest quantities in young (non-woody) organs.

Abstract This study was carried out under lath house conditions at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, during the period from March 1st to July 1st, 2024. The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of vermicompost extract, mannitol, and riboflavin (vitamin B2) on key biochemical characteristics of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) seedlings. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was implemented. The experimental factors included two levels of vermicompost extract (0 and 2) ml L −1 , foliar application of mannitol at three concentrations (0, 2, and 4) g L −1 , and riboflavin at three levels (0, 50, and 100) mg L −1 . The findings revealed that applying vermicompost extract at 2 ml L −1 significantly enhanced several biochemical traits, including total chlorophyll content 1.635 mg g −1 , carbohydrate percentage 17.758%, nitrogen 2.564%, phosphorus 0.556%, potassium 1.695%, and protein content 16.027%. Similarly, foliar spraying with mannitol at 4 g L −1 resulted in the highest recorded values for total chlorophyll 2.200 mg g −1 , carbohydrates 19.165%, nitrogen 3.339%, phosphorus 0.655%, potassium 1.841%), and protein 20.868%. Moreover, the application of riboflavin at 100 mg L −1 led to significant improvements in total chlorophyll 1.699 mg g −1 , carbohydrate content 17.875%, nitrogen 2.616%, phosphorus 0.559%, potassium 1.708%, and protein 16.353%. The interaction between the tested factors (both two-way and three-way combinations) demonstrated synergistic effects, leading to marked enhancements in the biochemical composition of Myrtle seedlings. Notably, the triple interaction among vermicompost extract, mannitol, and riboflavin produced the most favorable outcomes, highlighting the efficiency of integrated application strategies to improve the quality of Myrtle seedlings.

Physiological and phytochemical responses of the superior populations of Iranian myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) to water stress conditions

Gamma Irradiation-Induced Modulation of the Chemical Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, and Antioxidant Potential of Myrtus communis

Inflammation is a fundamental protective biological mechanism; however, its chronic progression can lead to severe pathologies. Conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are often associated with considerable adverse effects. This necessitates the urgent search for novel, safer therapeutic agents, particularly among medicinal plants. Myrtus communis L. is well-recognized for its therapeutic properties, and its leaves have been traditionally utilized in folk medicine for the management of various inflammatory conditions. The aim of the work was to comparatively evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of thick extracts obtained from the leaves of Myrtus communis L., cultivated in natural conditions (in vivo) and those obtained by microclonal propagation (in vitro), given the growing demand for effective and safe natural anti-inflammatory agents. Materials and methods. Thick extracts of Myrtus communis leaves were obtained using fractional maceration with 70 % ethanol, followed by concentration via a rotary evaporator. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on the serotonin-induced edema model in white rats, by measuring the increase in paw volume. Experimental groups received the extracts (100 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (25 mg/kg). Additionally, the influence of the extracts on biochemical markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, TBARS) and the blood protein profile was studied. Acute toxicity assessment was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines, starting with a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Results. The myrtle leaf extracts demonstrated potent anti-exudative activity, reducing paw edema by 33.55 % (in vivo extract) and 35.69 % (in vitro extract), results that are comparable to the effect observed with ibuprofen (42.11 %). The mechanism of action is likely linked to antagonism against serotonin receptors. Furthermore, the extracts significantly reduced the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, concurrently contributing to the restoration of the serum protein profile. The extract obtained through microclonal propagation (in vitro) exhibited slightly superior efficacy, suggesting a potential advantage for this biotechnological approach. Acute toxicity assessment confirmed that both extracts belong to Category 5 of the toxicity classification (LD50 ≥5000 mg/kg for the in vivo thick extract and LD50 2000–5000 mg/kg for the in vitro thick extract), confirming their low acute toxicity. Conclusions. Concentrated Myrtus communis leaf extracts derived from plants grown under natural conditions and via microclonal propagation demonstrate marked anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative activity. Biotechnological cultivation approaches may offer a promising means of obtaining raw materials with enhanced biological efficacy.