Myracrodruon Urundeuva Research Articles

Environmental stress, future climate, and germination of Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds 1

Abstract: Myracrodruon urundeuva, a native species from the Brazilian Caatinga, is widely distributed across its endemic region, where it also plays an essential socioeconomic role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental stress on the germination of M. urundeuva seeds harvested in different years (2010 to 2013). Seeds were germinated at constant temperatures between 10 to 40 °C, osmotic potentials from 0 to -0.8 MPa (in polyethylene glycol 6000 solutions), and from 0 to -0.5 MPa (in NaCl solutions). The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with three replicates of 50 seeds, in a factorial scheme (harvest year x stress intensity) for each environmental stress. Germination data were then analysed using thermal, hydro and halo time models, and future germination responses projected according to climate change scenarios. The germination thermal thresholds ranged from 7.4 to 53.3 oC. The germination base osmotic threshold (using polyethylene glycol) was -0.6 MPa and the base osmotic threshold in NaCl was -0.43MPa. Seeds from different harvest years showed distinct tolerance to environmental stresses. The thermal, hydro and halo-time models were efficient to describe the germinative response of seeds, and the climate models allowed to identify the germination responses of M. urundeuva in future climate. According to the models for future climate (RCP 8.5), the reduction of rainfall by 2100 will directly affect seed germination and seedling recruitment of M. urundeuva.

English

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the external and organoleptic characters, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatic and microbiological parameters of the honey from Myracrodruon urundeuva allemão (Anacardiceae - Aroeira) of the Jequitinhonha River Valley / Brazil, in order to create its geographical indication. In the first stage a data survey was carried out to characterize the production of honey in the Jequitinhonha Valley. In order to evaluate the use of land as well as the forms of agriculture in relation to beekeeping. For characterization of the aroeira honey of the area, the microscopic, physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the honey was evaluated in samples collected in AAPIVAJE. Samples were collected for convenience. Honey production did not correlate with the area occupied, in hectare, by none of the types of land use in the middle region of the Jequitinhonha River Valley. There was also no significant correlation between honey production and the form of agriculture. In general, all samples of honey analyzed had satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics in terms of parameters of sugars, moisture, ashes, pH, acidity, color, taste and consistency. The analyzed samples were free of commercial sugar and dyes and present diastase activity. In this study we can see that all honey samples had a low microbial count of coliforms at 30°C and coliforms at 45°C (thermotolerant), indicating good hygienic-sanitary quality of the honey extraction and processing procedures. In the same way, it was observed that the counts of fungi and yeasts of all the honey were within the recommended parameters in the legislation of Apis. The presence of Salmonella was not detected in any sample of aroeira honey. This study will contribute to the geographical indication for aroeira honey, produced only in the middle region of the Jequitinhonha River Valley.   Key words: Apis mellífera, honey quality, sugars, diastase enzyme, moisture, ashes, acidity, microbial.

Screening of native tropical trees for phytoremediation in copper-polluted soils

Due to the limited number of studies on phytoremediation using native tree species in tropical soils, the aim was to identify new phytoremediator species from tropical climate with the purpose of promoting an increase in the diversity of tropical native trees used in phytoremediation projects. Seven native tree species from Brazil were selected: Cedrela fissilis, Handroanthus serratifolius, Copaifera langsdorffii, Hymenaea courbaril, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Cecropia sp. and Myracrodruon urundeuva. Seedlings of these species were planted in pots with an unpolluted Arenosol, and then spiked with 60, 100 and 500 mg kg−1 Cu. Height and stem diameters were measured over 60 days. Biomass and total Cu concentration were determined in leaves, stem and roots. Copper in bulk soils and rhizospheres was analyzed by a sequential extraction method. All species accumulated high concentration of Cu in roots (>300 mg kg−1), so they could be used as phytostabilizators for this metal. Copper mobilization increased in the rhizospheres, but it was mostly absorbed by roots. Cecropia sp., M. urundeuva and C. langsdorffii are hyperaccumulators of Cu (>300 mg kg−1 in shoots), so they are potential phytoextractor species. This study evidence the potential of seven tree species native from tropical regions for phytostabilizing copper-polluted soils.

Mycorrhization and phosphorus may be an alternative for increasing the production of metabolites in Myracrodruon urundeuva

‘Aroeira-do-sertao’ (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao; Anacardiaceae) is one of the most-used medicinal species by the population of northeastern Brazil and is on the list of plants threatened with extinction. In this context, alternatives that could contribute to reduced extractive use must be designed to establish crops of this species, which have high concentrations of metabolites. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the addition of phosphorus (P) to soil increases the production of primary and secondary metabolites in some plants. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of mycorrhization in ‘aroeira’ can be maximized by the application of P. The dry matter and the concentration of metabolites were evaluated. Mycorrhization increased the accumulation of phytomass, which was also favored at the highest dosage of P tested. The production of phenols and total proteins was maximized by mycorrhization only at an intermediate dosage of P. The inoculation did not favor the synthesis of flavonoids and soluble carbohydrates. The production of proanthocyanidins was influenced only by phosphate supplementation. It is concluded that the mycorrhization of seedlings of ‘aroeira-do-sertao’ associated with P fertilization maximizes the production of total phenols and total foliar proteins, making the phytomass more attractive to the herbal industry and resulting in the use of P fertilization.

Response of four woody species to salinity and water deficit in initial growth phase

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of forest species under conditions of salinity and water deficit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a triple factorial scheme with four forest species (Neem - Azadirachta indica A. Juss, ‘Aroeira’ - Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr Allemão, ‘Ipê’ - Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex. DC.) Standl and ‘Sabiá’ - Mimosa caesalpiniifoliaBenth), two salinity levels (1.2 and 8.6 dS m-1) and two water regimes (with and without water restriction). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter were measured. For all the studied variables, there was statistical significance for the factors species (A) and salinity (B), individually. However, water deficit (Factor C) and the interaction among factors (A x B x C) did not cause any statistical effect. The 50% reduction in water replacement for the four species studied was not enough to cause significant damage to plant growth, with a mean reduction in dry matter production lower than 10%. It was observed that the tolerance index found varied according to the imposition of the stresses, being caused mainly by salinity. Based on shoot dry matter production, the species Neem behaved as moderately tolerant, while the other species were moderately sensitive to salinity. The applied water deficit was not enough to intensify the effects of the salt stress under the conditions of the present study.

In vitro screening of plants from the Brazilian Caatinga biome for methanogenic potential in ruminant nutrition.

Thirty-nine plants naturally found in Brazilian Caatinga semiarid biome were screened using an in vitro fermentability testing focused in apparent organic matter digestibility (aOMD), gas, methane (CH4), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Three independent in vitro runs were carried out and plants were classified by CH4 concentration as proportion of gas and per unit of apparent digested organic matter (aDOM). According to its CH4 concentration on produced gas (mL/L), the plants were classified as low (> 110), medium (from 60 to 110), and high (< 60) anti-methanogenic potential. From evaluated plants, 3, 24, and 12 were classified as high, medium, and low anti-methanogenic potential. High anti-methanogenic potential plants Cnidoscolus phillacanthus (CnPh), Chloroleucon foliolosum (ChFo), and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (AnMa) produced 21.3, 34.3, and 35.9mL CH4/L of gas. Methane concentration for Myracrodruon urundeuva (MyUr) was 61.1mL/L and classified as medium potential. However, CH4 production per unit of aDOM was similar between MyUr and AnMa (3.35 and 2.68mL/g, respectively). Molar proportions of acetate and propionate in SCFA produced by ChFo fermentation were 0.02 and 0.78mmol/mol. Acetate to propionate ratios were 0.79, 0.03, 1.39, and 1.36 for CnPh, ChFo, AnMa, and MyUr, respectively. Greater aOMD were observed for Opuntia sp. and Calotropis procera (632 and 601g/kg, respectively), which were classified as medium mitigating potential plants. AnMa, ChFo, CnPh, and MyUr are promising anti-methanogenic plants for ruminants. Selecting forages to feed ruminants in Caatinga is a potential strategy for enteric CH4 emission reduction, and our in vitro results can support future research by indicating species to be evaluated in in vivo studies integrating mixed diets with performance, digestibility, and CH4 production, yield, and intensity. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

English

This study aimed to investigate, in oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC), the&nbsp; antineoplastic effect of Apis mellifera honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower, in the region of Jequitinhonha River Valley, Brazil. Furthermore, we investigate the molecular mechanism of honey performance through bioinformatic analysis. Honey and OSCC-related gene list were screened using GeneCards. The online tool STRING was used to identify the potential interaction networks of protein products of these genes. The genes with the highest weighted number of links (WNL) were called leader genes. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to classify the genes. We use a search tool STITCH for interactions of chemicals-proteins. The chemical characterization of honey and its antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in SCC-9 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. The analysis of the interaction network obtained from the STRING database indicated by the following leader genes: TNF, IL6 and HDAC1. GO analysis for the honey, and OSCC-related proteins revealed that leader genes-regulated cancers genes were markedly enriched in some functions. Through the chemical characterization, the bioactive classes: steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins were identified. Polyphenols act in activating CASP3 and TP53 and inhibit the action of DNMT1. The honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower reduced proliferative phenotype and migration of OSCC cells. Key words: Aroeira honey, Myracrodruon urundeuva, wild honey, Apis mellifera, therapeutic, Jequitinhonha River Valley. &nbsp

Discriminating unifloral honey from a dioecious mass flowering tree of Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest through pollen spectra: consequences of honeybee preference for staminate flowers

Myracrodruon urundeuva (“aroeira”) is a dioecious tree of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of Brazil and source of a unique unifloral honey. To discriminate this honey by its pollen spectra, we compared melissopalynological analysis of reference honey samples with those of other samples collected in the SDTF belt. Reference honeys had on average 99% of aroeira pollen, while the other honey samples averaged 84% of this pollen. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, applied here for the first time in honey analysis, for determining the cut-off value of at least 93% of Myracrodruon pollen in a sample for classifying unifloral aroeira honey. The over-representation of aroeira pollen in this honey reflects that honeybees visited ten times as many staminate flowers as pistillate flowers. We conclude that unifloral aroeira honey has uniform pollen spectra, as a byproduct of the preference of honeybees for staminate flowers.

Physiological Potential Evaluation of Myracrodruon urundeuva Stored Diaspores

The conservation of seeds in an appropriate location combined with the utilization of rapid tests for monitoring the physiological aspects is essential for quality seedlings. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspore under different periods and storage environments, and verify the testing of individual exudate pH in the physiological monitoring. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 × 8 (8 periods of storage and 2 storage environments) with four replications of 25 diaspores, using the Tukey test at 5% probability for average comparisons. After analysis of variance, it was performed regression analysis for the quantitative factor and simple Pearson correlation test. The variables analyzed were moisture content, seedling emergence (E) emergence velocity index (IVE), mean emergence time (TME) and the pH of the individual exudate. The results of E, IVE, TME tests indicated that the Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores could be stored for ten months in room fridge, with low vigor loss. The pH test individual exudate showed lower estimates of simple Pearson correlation with the emergence test, not monitoring the physiological potential of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores.

Fractions of the Lippia origanoides extract induce the polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzymes in Solanum lycopersicum

The resistance of the pathogenic fungi to fungicides and the perspective of induced resistance to plants guides the search for molecules to promote the sustainable control of agricultural crop diseases. The exhaustion of conventional sources gives a direction for the search of exotic plants from arid environments or with medicinal properties. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of the Anadenanthera colubrina, Lippia origanoides, Mimosa tenuiflora and Myracrodruon urundeuva species and subsequently the specie with the best antifungal activity was used to evaluate the potential in inducing the enzyme activity. The antifungal effect was determined with 10 fungi using the crude ethanol extract at 100 and 1000 μg mL- 1 concentrations. The L. origanoides extract was the most effective and inhibited 100% of the pathogens. The L. origanoides extract was fractioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The hexane fraction inhibited 100% of the growth of pathogens at 400 μg mL−1. The in vitro evaluation of the ability to induce enzymes in Solanum lycopersicum (Micro-Tom cultivar) was determined with the increase of oxidative enzymes, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. The ability to induce enzymes was determined with 400 μg mL−1 of the crude extract and L. origanoides fractions. The crude extract did not induce the enzyme activity and the fractions induced the polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzymes. The results confirmed the broad spectrum antifungal activity of the L. origanoides crude extracts. The partition revealed fractions with different capacities to induce enzymes associated to the resistance that was not revealed by the crude extract.

&lt;b&gt;Chronological analysis of the physiological quality of diaspores of &lt;i&gt;Myracrodruon urundeuva&lt;/i&gt; Fr. All. in semiarid regions

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of diaspores from Myracrodruon urundeuva mother trees developing in the Cariri region of the state of Paraiba, Brazil. The seeds were collected during three consecutive years and from different areas of the Cariri region. The seed collection areas comprised two sites in the municipality of Boa Vista and one in the municipality of Sao Joao do Cariri. The diaspores had their water content determined and were submitted to the following tests: germination, seedling emergence, first count of germination and seedling emergence (within 5 days), and speed of germination and seedling emergence. The treatment means were compared using the deviance statistic. The collection years and collection areas were compared by the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. The comparison between mother trees was made through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The detected variation in the quality of M. urundeuva diaspores is dependent on environmental conditions. The physiological quality of M. urundeuva diaspores varies according to mother tree, collection area and year. Mother trees of groups 1 and 2 are the most promising since they included representatives of all three areas and produced diaspores of high physiological quality.

Myracrodruon urundeuva seed exudates proteome and anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

Seed exudates are plant-derived natural bioactive compounds consisting of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules. Plant seed exudates have been poorly studied against parasite nematodes. This study was undertaken to identify proteins in the Myracrodruon urundeuva seed exudates and to assess the anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus, an important parasite of small ruminants. M. urundeuva seed exudates (SEX) was obtained after immersion of seeds in sodium acetate buffer. SEX was fractionated with ammonium sulfate at 0–90% concentration to generate the ressuspended pellet (SEXF1) and the supernatant (SEXF2). SEX, SEXF1, and SEXF2 were exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water (cut-off: 12 kDa) and the protein contents determined. Mass spectrometry analyses of SEX, SEXF1, and SEXF2 were done to identify proteins and secondary metabolites. The seed exudates contained protease, protease inhibitor, peptidase, chitinase, and lipases as well as the low molecular weight secondary compounds ellagic acid and quercetin rhamnoside. SEX inhibited H. contortus larval development (LDA) (IC50 = 0.29 mg mL-1), but did not affect larval exsheathment (LEIA). On the other hand, although SEXF1 and SEXF2 inhibited H. contortus LEIA (IC50 = 1.04 and 0.93 mg mL-1, respectively), they showed even greater inhibition efficiency of H. contortus larval development (IC50 = 0.29 and 0.42 mg mL-1, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show the anthelmintic activity of plant exudates against a gastrointestinal nematode. Moreover, it suggests the potential of exuded proteins as candidates to negatively interfere with H. contortus life cycle.

Compartmentalization and efficiency biological of nitrogen utilization in dry tropical forest

Studies of nutrient efficiency and compartmentalization of nutrients in dry forests can contribute to the understanding of the nutrition of these forests because significant nutrient depositions come from leaf and branch fractions and are mostly derived from leguminous species, emphasizing the importance of nitrogen in cycling of these environments. This work aimed to determine the compartmentalization and efficiency biological of nitrogen utilization of the forest species with the highest importance value in a fragment of Caatinga hiperxerofila in Pernambuco. In the species was estimated the leaf biomass, using allometric equations. Leaves and stem parts were sampled for determination of nitrogen content. The biological utilization efficiency was calculated for each species. The biomass of the stem was 10.12 kg plant-1 and of the leaf was 0.99 kg plant-1. Higher N contents were observed in the leaves and stem of Poincianella bracteosa, associated to the high biomass of the species. The most efficient species to use nitrogen were Myracrodruon urundeuva and Bauhinia cheilantha, which could be indicated for areas with low levels of organic matter.

Dimeric chalcones derivatives from Myracrodruon urundeuva act as cathepsin V inhibitors

Dimeric chalcones derivatives from Myracrodruon urundeuva act as cathepsin V inhibitors

Genetic variation and effective population size of a Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler) Fr. Allem. provenance and progeny test

ABSTRACTEx situ conservation of tree species in provenance and progeny tests allow the estimation of genetic parameters for quantitative traits and are also useful for tree breeding programs. This study aimed at estimating the genetic variability of provenance and progeny test of Myracrodruon urundeuva and providing subsidies for ex situ conservation and the use of germplasm in breeding programs. We also estimated the variance effective population size () of seeds sampled from this test, simulating six different scenarios for test management and seed collection strategies. We estimated genetic parameters for diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, volume and fork in 31-year-old provenance and progeny test established with 91 open-pollinated progenies from five provenances, allocated in a compact family block design at Pederneiras Experimental Station, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The genetic-statistical analysis was based on REML/BLUP procedure. Significant genetic differences were detected only among progenies within provenances. Individual heritability was high for DBH, height, and volume. We hypothesize that inter-tree competition inflated these estimations and have, consequently, overrated the estimates for genetic gain. Thus, this test should be mainly used for conservation purposes. The estimates for varied considering different scenarios, showing that female gametic control is the best strategy to achieve higher gains on , being an important suggestion for the management and seed collection strategies in dioecious species as M. urundeuva.

Dendrological Characterization as Inspection Resources of Caatinga Wood Market

ABSTRACT This study aimed to distinguish five native forest species of the Caatinga Biome from the exotic invasive algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.), considering dendrologic characteristics of bark and wood, in order of providing subsidies for the inspection of the wood market in this Biome. The native species studied were jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.), angico branco (Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina (Vell.) Brenan), angico vermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Gris.) Alts.), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem) and brauna-do-sertao (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.). Studied species were recognized using dendrology identification records, containing characteristics of bark, heartwood and sapwood coloration; and the organoleptic proprieties like color, smell and taste, used for safe wood logs identification. The macroscopic characteristics, organized in dichotomous key, allowed the differentiation among the species, available in logs, during inspection.

Tissue reaction to Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) extracts associated with microorganisms: an in vivo study.

Based on aroeira's (Myracrodruon urundeuva) antimicrobial activity and a future trend to compose intracanal medication, the aim of this study was to assess in vivo inflamatory tissue response to the extracts by edemogenic and histological analysis containing inactivated facultative and anaerobic microorganisms. For edema quantification, eighteen animals were divided into three groups (n = 3, periods: 3 and 6 hours) and 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein under general anesthesia. After 30 min the animals received a subcutaneous injection in the dorsal region of aqueous or ethanolic extract of aroeira or saline (control) containing inactivated bacteria. Samples were collected, immersed in formamide for 72h, and evaluated by spectrophotometry (630 m). For histological analysis, polyethylene tubes with the extracts were implanted in the dorsal of 30 male rats. Analysis of the fibrous capsule and inflammatory infiltrate were performed after 7 and 30 days. The aqueous extract group induced less edema in both postoperative periods compared to the other groups, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Tissue repair was significantly better after 30 days than after 7 days (p < 0.01). The aqueous solution showed less inflammatory response than the ethanolic solution (p < 0.05), with tendency for better results than control after 7 days. After 30 days, the response to both extracts was similar to control. The aqueous and ethanolic aroeira extracts containing inactivated microorganisms showed a trend for better results than saline, even when associated with microorganisms, and facilitated the tissue repair process.

Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities integrated to chemical composition of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão - A conservationist proposal for the species

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMyracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-Sertão), Anacardiaceae, is one of the most used plants in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil as an anti-inflammatory, healing and antiulcer. This species is threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. The importance of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a conservationist model of replacement of the M. urundeuva adult tree (inner bark) for its under developing plants (shoots) in order to ensure the preservation of this species, but also to ensure sufficient raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. Aim of the studyTo characterize chemically and assess the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the fluid extracts from M. urundeuva innebark (adult plant) as well as stem and leaves of shoots (young plant). Materials and methodsThe fluid extracts were prepared by maceration-percolation with hydroalcoholic solution according to the methodology described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. These extracts were cleaned-up through solid phase extraction (SPE) and chemically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS). Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts (700 or 1000 mg/kg) were assessed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Croton oil-induced ear edema in rats, respectively. The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. ResultsThe UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis evidenced the presence of chalcones, flavonoids and tannins. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities achieved with fluid extracts from the stems and leaves was similar to inner bark. The fluid extracts were not toxic. ConclusionIt is possible to replace the inner bark of the adult tree for the stems and leaves from the shoots as raw material to be used in the preparation of its the phytotherapeutics. Therefore, this finding may help in the implementation of public policies that ensure the conservation of the species along with its sustainable use for pharmaceutical purposes.

Madeiras históricas em embarcações tradicionais do baixo rio São Francisco

Embarcações tradicionais estão diretamente ligadas à história do rio São Francisco e de suas comunidades ribeirinhas, sendo este um dos maiores rios navegáveis que permitiram a colonização da região Nordeste do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou conhecer as madeiras utilizadas na construção de embarcações do baixo rio São Francisco, gerando subsídios para melhor compreender as relações de uso de recursos florestais destinados à carpintaria naval tradicional. Foram estudadas quatro embarcações pertencentes ao acervo do Museu Nacional do Mar, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina. A coleta das madeiras históricas foi realizada com auxílio de trado de incremento para posterior produção de lâminas histológicas e descrição anatômica. A identificação das madeiras foi realizada por comparação com coleção de referência. Foram identificadas onze espécies de madeiras usadas de forma mista na construção dos componentes das embarcações. São elas: Apuleia leiocarpa (Fabaceae), Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae), Brosimum gaudichaudii (Moraceae), Dalbergia nigra (Fabaceae), Hymenaea courbaril (Fabaceae), Manilkara dardanoi (Sapotaceae), Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), Paubrasilia echinata (Fabaceae), Sextonia rubra (Lauraceae), Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) e Terminalia glabrencens (Combretaceae). O conhecimento sobre as madeiras e seu emprego tecnológico imprimem à construção de embarcações tradicionais um rico significado cultural que integra pessoas e árvores na paisagem do rio São Francisco.

Hydroalcoholic extracts of Myracrodruon urundeuva All. and Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and tooth demineralization

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Myracrodruon urundeuva All. and Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves (alone or combined) on the viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and on the prevention of enamel demineralization. MethodsStrain of S. mutans (ATCC 21175) was reactivated in BHI broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum inhibition biofilm concentration and minimum eradication biofilm concentration were determined in order to choose the concentrations to be tested under biofilm model. S. mutans biofilm (5 × 105 CFU/ml) was produced on bovine enamel, using McBain saliva under 0.2% sucrose exposure, for 3 days. The biofilm was daily treated with the extracts for 1 min. The biofilm viability was tested by fluorescence and the enamel demineralization was measured using TMR. ResultsMyracrodruon urundeuva All. (Isolated or combined) at the concentrationsc ≥0.625 mg/ml was able to reduce bacteria viability, while Qualea Grandflora Mart. alone had antimicrobial effect at 5 mg/ml only (p < 0.05). On the other hand, none of the extracts were able to reduce enamel demineralization. ConclusionsThe hydroalcoholic extracts of Myracrodruon urundeuva All. and Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves (isolated or combined) have antimicrobial action; however, they do not prevent enamel caries under S. mutans biofilm model.