Phellinus Linteus Mycelia Research Articles

Study on Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, and Bacterio-Static Activity of Polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus

We optimized an ultrasound-assisted extraction process of Phellinus linteus mycelium polysaccharides (PLPs) and studied their monosaccharide composition and bacteriostatic properties. Based on a single-factor experiment, a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of PLP, using the yield of PLP as the index. The chemical composition and monosaccharide composition of PLP were determined by chemical analysis and HPLC analysis, respectively. Microscopic morphological analysis of the surface of PLP was performed via swept-surface electron microscopy. The bacteriostatic properties of PLP were determined using the spectrophotometric turbidimetric method. The results showed that the best extraction process of PLP with ultrasonic assistance achieved a result of 1:42 g/mL. In this method, the ultrasonic temperature was 60 °C, ultrasonic extraction was performed for 20 min, and the yield of PLP was 12.98%. The monosaccharide composition of PLP mainly contains glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), and glucuronic acid (GlcA). The intracellular polysaccharide of Phellinus igniarius Mycelia (PIP) is an irregular spherical accumulation, the surface is rough and not smooth, and the extracellular polysaccharide (PEP) is a crumbly accumulation. PIP has a stronger inhibitory ability for S. aureus and E. coli and a slightly weaker inhibitory effect for B. subtilis; the inhibitory effect of PEP on S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis is slightly inferior to that of PIP.

Inhibitory Effect of Styrylpyrone Extract of Phellinus linteus on Hepatic Steatosis in HepG2 Cells.

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be approximately about 25.24% of the population worldwide. NAFLD is a complex syndrome and is characterized by a simple benign hepatocyte steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis in the liver pathology. Phellinus linteus (PL) is traditionally used as a hepatoprotective supplement. Styrylpyrone-enriched extract (SPEE) obtained from the PL mycelia has been shown to have potential inhibition effects on high-fat- and high-fructose-diet-induced NAFLD. In the continuous study, we aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of SPEE on free fatty acid mixture O/P [oleic acid (OA): palmitic acid (PA); 2:1, molar ratio]-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Results showed that SPEE presented the highest free radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS, and reducing power on ferric ions, better than that of partitions obtained from n-hexane, n-butanol and distilled water. In free-fatty-acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, SPEE showed an inhibition effect on O/P-induced lipid accumulation of 27% at a dosage of 500 μg/mL. As compared to the O/P induction group, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were enhanced by 73%, 67% and 35%, respectively, in the SPEE group. In addition, the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) were significantly down-regulated by the SPEE treatment. The expressions of anti-adipogenic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism of 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were enhanced in the SPEE supplemented HepG2 cells. In the protein expression study, p-AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC1-α were significantly increased to 121, 72 and 62%, respectively, after the treatment of SPEE. Conclusively, the styrylpyrone-enriched extract SPEE can ameliorate lipid accumulation and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress through the activation of SIRT1/AMPK/PGC1-α pathways.

Immunostimulatory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Phellinus linteus Mycelial Submerged Culture via Activation of Spleen and Peyer's Patch in C3H/HeN Mice.

Medicinal mushrooms are an important natural resource promoting health benefits. Herein, Phellinus linteus mycelia were prepared under submerged cultivation, the mycelium-containing culture broth was extracted as a whole to obtain the postbiotic materials (PLME), and its effect on the immune system was evaluated in normal C3H/HeN mice. Oral administration of PLME for 4 weeks was well tolerated and safe. In the PLME-administered groups, in addition to the production of immunostimulatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), the mitogenic activity was significantly increased. PLME administration also significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in the small intestinal fluid and Peyer’s patches and enhanced Peyer’s patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation activity and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ). Histomorphometric analyses showed an increase in immune cells in the spleen and small intestinal tissues of mice administered PLME, supporting the rationale for its immune system activation. PLME mainly contained neutral sugar (969.1 mg/g), comprising primarily of glucose as a monosaccharide unit. The β-glucan content was 88.5 mg/g. Data suggest that PLME effectively promote immune function by stimulating the systemic immune system through the spleen and intestinal immune tissues. PLME can thus be developed as a functional ingredient to enhance immune functions.

Styrylpyrones from Phellinus linteus Mycelia Alleviate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Modulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice.

Phellinus linteus (PL), an edible and medicinal mushroom containing a diversity of styrylpyrone-type polyphenols, has been shown to have a broad spectrum of bioactivities. In this study, the submerged liquid culture in a 1600-L working volume of fermentor was used for the large-scale production of PL mycelia. Whether PL mycelia extract is effective against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still unclear. In the high fat/high fructose diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD C57BL/6 mice study, the dietary supplementation of ethyl acetate fraction from PL mycelia (PL-EA) for four weeks significantly attenuated an increase in body weight, hepatic lipid accumulation and fasting glucose levels. Mechanistically, PL-EA markedly upregulated the pgc-1α, sirt1 genes and adiponectin, downregulated gck and srebp-1c; upregulated proteins PPARγ, pAMPK, and PGC-1α, and downregulated SREBP-1 and NF-κB in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, the major purified compounds of hispidin and hypholomine B in PL-EA significantly reduced the level of oleic and palmitic acids (O/P)-induced lipid accumulation through the inhibition of up-regulated lipogenesis and the energy-metabolism related genes, ampk and pgc-1α, in the HepG2 cells. Consequently, these findings suggest that the application of PL-EA is deserving of further investigation for treating NAFLD.

Biological Characterization and Antimicrobial Bioactives of Mycelium Extracts from Medicinal Mushrooms Phellinus linteus and Pleurotus albidus (Agaricomycetes).

Bioactivity is defined as the intrinsic property of compounds that enables their participation in specific biological reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity and to separate and characterize bioactives from aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the mycelium of medicinal mushrooms Pleurotus albidus and Phellinus linteus. Antimicrobial activity, through the disc diffusion method, was found against strains of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. P. albidus extracts showed better activity against Bacillus strains, whereas Ph. linteus extracts had greater effectiveness against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Aqueous extraction was best for obtaining bioactive compounds of P. albidus, whereas 30% hydralcoholic extraction performed best for obtaining Ph. linteus. Mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of the main chemical compounds extracted from the fungal biomasses, including glutathione oxidase, leucovorin, and riboflavin. Taking these findings into consideration, P. albidus and Ph. linteus might be used as sources of bioactive molecules for the development of novel drugs or nutraceuticals, contributing to the improvement of public health.

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium

BackgroundThe present study extensively aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium (PLM).MethodsTo assess whether PLM influences the production of markers related to inflammation, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were treated with PLM (50, 100, 200, and 500 μg/mL). Splenocyte, thymus, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the Balb/c mice treated with Korean red ginseng or PLM once a day for 5 weeks. Moreover, all mice except normal mice were stimulated with 10% proteose peptone (PP) treated 3 days before the sacrifice and 2% starch treated 2 days before the sacrifice. Subsequently, the cytotropic substance was evaluated by using flow cytometry analysis and ELISA assay.ResultsPLM200 treatment significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α dose-dependently in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PLM200 supplementation showed a significant increase in IL-2, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ production and upregulated the ratio of IFN-γ (T-helper type 1, Th1) to IL-4 (T-helper type 2, Th2) in splenocytes. After PLM200 treatment, the significant elevation of CD4+CD25+, CD4+&CD8+, and CD4+CD69+ treatment were detected in thymus. Moreover, CD4+ and CD4+CD69+ in PBMC and CD69+ in PEC were also shown in a significant increase.ConclusionsTaken together, these results showed an immunomodulatory effect of PLM about an elevated INF-γ/IL4 ratio, as an index of Th1/Th2, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that PLM possesses immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Mycelium on the Development of Osteoarthritis after Monosodium Iodoacetate Injection.

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the protective effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium (PLM) and its possible mechanisms in a model of monosodium iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Intra-articular injection of MIA was injected to 50 μL with 80 mg/mL using a 0.3 mL insulin syringe into the right knee joint. Changes in hindpaw weight-bearing distribution between the right (osteoarthritic) and left (contralateral control) legs were used as an index of joint discomfort. PLM (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered once daily for 14 days from day 7 after MIA treatment. And then, various factors associated with inflammatory response and cartilage degeneration in cartilage tissues detected by western blotting. Results PLM treatment showed a concentration-dependent elevation in change in hindpaw weight-bearing distribution (HWBD). PLM200 demonstrated the capacity to significantly increase HWBD, indicating that the change in weight-bearing distribution means the reduction of spontaneous pain. Our results indicate that PLM suppressed the inflammatory factors via NF-κB signaling pathway induced by p38 phosporlyation. Moreover, PLM200 exhibited a significant reduction of ROS produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. PLM100 and PLM200 inhibited the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, one of proteinase that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions Taken together, our results indicated that PLM has a strong chondroprotective effect through the suppression both ROS production and inflammation.

Hepatoprotective Principles and Other Chemical Constituents from the Mycelium of Phellinus linteus.

In the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis Wistar rat model, the mycelium extract of Phellinus linteus (PLE) (20 mg/Kg) displayed significant protection against hepatic fibrosis. The present investigation characterized eleven new ionone derivatives, phellinulins D–N (4–14), from the P. linteus mycelium extract and the relative stereochemical structures were constructed according to the spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical results. Some purified compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and several isolates did exhibit significant protection. The results indicated that the mycelium of P. linteus could be explored as a hepatoprotective drug or healthy food candidate in the near future.

상황버섯 균사체를 이용한 찰수수 발효 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 암세포에 대한 세포 독성 연구

상황버섯 균사체를 이용한 찰수수 발효 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 암세포에 대한 세포 독성 연구

β-Glucan Contents and Anti-wrinkling Effects of Brown Rice <i>Phellinus linteus</i> Mycelium Extracts Fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum

ëª©ì : 본 연구는 ì£¼ë¦„ê°œì„ íš¨ê³¼ê²€ì •ì„ 통해 í˜„ë¯¸ìƒí™©ë²„ì„¯ê· ì‚¬ì²´ì˜ ì£¼ë¦„ê°œì„ ê¸°ëŠ¥ì„± 화장료 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하는데 ê·¸ ëª©ì ì´ 있다. 방법: Lactobacillus plantarum으로 í˜„ë¯¸ìƒí™©ë²„ì„¯ê· ì‚¬ì²´ë¥¼ 배양하여 얻어진 추출물의 β-glucan 함량, β-glucan 분자량 ì¸¡ì •, ì„¸í¬ë ì„±í‰ê°€, MMP-1 ì €í•´í™œì„± ì¸¡ì •, 콜라겐생합성 효과를 시험하였다. ê²°ê³¼: í˜„ë¯¸ìƒí™©ë²„ì„¯ê· ì‚¬ì²´ì˜ β-glucan 함량 분석결과 미발효군, 발효군에서 각각 8.1, 12.8 g/100 g의 결과로 함량이 58% 증가 하는 것을 ìž ì¦í•˜ì˜€ìœ¼ë©°, β-glucan의 분자량 ì¸¡ì •ì„ 실시한 ê²°ê³¼, 2,500 m/z 이하의 ì €ë¶„ìž β-glucan을 확인하여 ë°œíš¨ê³µì •ì´ ê³ ë¶„ìžì˜ β-glucan을 ì €ë¶„ìžë¡œ 분해하는 것을 확인하였다. 추출물의 ì„¸í¬ë ì„±ì€ 미발효군, 발효군 모두 2,000 μg/mL이하 농도에서 ì„¸í¬ë ì„±ì´ 나타나지 않아 ë ì„±ì— 대한 ì•ˆì „ì„±ì„ 확인하였다. ìžì™¸ì„ (UVB) 조사에 의한 ì„¸í¬ìƒì¡´ë¥ ì€ 미발효군, 발효군 모두 800 μg/mL 농도에서 가장 높은 세포생존율 효과를 나타냈다. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)의 ìƒì„±ì–µì œë¥¼ 확인한 ê²°ê³¼ 미발효군, 발효군 모두 400 μg/mL 이상의 농도에서 MMP-1의 ìƒì„±ì–µì œì˜ 효과가 나타내는 것을 확인하였으며, 발효군 1,000 μg/mL 이상의 농도에서는 adenosine 400 μg/mL ê³¼ ìœ ì‚¬í•œ 효과로 높은 ì €í•´í™œì„±ì„ 나타내어 collagenase ì €í•´í™œì„±ì´ 우수함을 확인하였다. Pro-collagen type â 의 생합성량을 ì¸¡ì •í•œ ê²°ê³¼ 대조군 대비 미발효군, 발효군 모두 3ë°° 이상의 collagen 생합성 증가를 나타내었다. ê²°ë¡ : 위의 내용을 ì¢ í•©í•˜ì—¬ ì£¼ë¦„ê°œì„ ìš© 기능성 화장료로서 í˜„ë¯¸ìƒí™©ë²„ì„¯ê· ì‚¬ì²´ ìœ ì‚°ê· ë°œíš¨ 배양물의 활용가능성을 ì œì‹œí•˜ì˜€ë‹¤. 핵심용어: ì£¼ë¦„ê°œì„ , 현미, 상황버섯, Lactobacillus plantarum, β-Glucan

Structural characteristics and antioxidant activity in vivo of a polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus mycelia

In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1-I) was purified from Phellinuslinteus mycelia through hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. PLP1-I was characterized as a neutral heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 8.9:1.0, with an average molecular weight (Mw) of ∼290,000kDa. The structure of PLP1-I consists of a (1→4)-α-D-glucopyranose backbone, whereas the (1→3)-α-D-galactopyranosyl residues formed branches at the O-6 position with 1-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl terminal residues. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vivo showed that PLP1-I administration significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde in the serum and liver of aging mice induced with D-galactose. PLP1-I also effectively stimulated the immune system of aging mice. This study demonstrated that PLP1-I exhibited strong antioxidant activities in vivo and could be explored as a potential antioxidant for functional food and medicine.

Endogenous and Exogenous Calcium Involved in the Betulin Production from Submerged Culture of Phellinus linteus Induced by Hydrogen Sulfide.

Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, Ca(2+) involved in the betulin production in mycelia of Phellinus linteus induced by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were investigated. The results showed that 2 mM H2S donor NaHS or 10 mM CaCl2 was found to enhance the betulin content in the mycelia of Phellinus to the maximum, which were 112.43 and 93.24% higher than that in the control, respectively. Further, NaHS and CaCl2 co-treatment also showed positive outcome, which were 128.95 or 24.52% higher than that in the control or NaHS treatment. At the same time, NaHS also enhanced the content of Ca(2+) and CaM. But, the above positive inductive effects for Ca(2+), CaM, and betulin production can be blocked with either Ca(2+) channel blocker (LaCl3, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate) or Ca(2+) chelator (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)). Among of them, betulin content was reduced 35.06% by NaHS and EGTA to the minimum, and this reduction could be reversed by the application of CaCl2 (NaHS + EGTA + CaCl2). From above results, it can be concluded that endogenous and exogenous calcium involved in the betulin production from submerged culture of P. linteus induced by hydrogen sulfide.

Resource recovery using whey permeate to cultivate Phellinus linteus mycelium: Solid-state and submerged liquid fermentation

The growth characteristics of Phellinus linteus mycelium were assessed and compared under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) systems on whey permeate medium. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the growth rates of mycelia under various conditions of operating temperature (TO), initial pH, and substrate concentration ([S]). The optimal growth conditions of P. linteus mycelium were determined to be 26.1°C, pH 4.6, and 60.3g of lactose/L in the SSF system, and 29.0°C, pH 5.0, and 65.3g of lactose/L in the SLF system. The maximum growth rates were predicted to be 1.92±0.01 mm/d in SSF and 192.1±0.0mg/L per day in SLF. Random trials were conducted to experimentally validate the evaluated optimal conditions. The differences between the modeled and observed values were only 5.3% in the SSF system and 6.1% in the SLF system. Significant engineering factors differed between the fermentation techniques; TO was significant in both cultivation systems, whereas initial pH was significant in SSF but [S] was significant in SLF. Our findings can be used to guide the operation of the bioconversion process for cultivating P. linteus mycelium using whey permeate wastewater.

고체발효 한약재 추출물을 함유한 구강세척제 개발

The purpose of this study was to develop a mouthwash product with solid fermented oriental medicinal herb (OMH). Solid fermentation of magnolia, liquorice, and cnidium by Phellinus linteus mycelium was carried out successfully when 30% water was added to the medium, whereas 10% brown rice powder was required as an extra nutrient for solid fermentation of mint besides water. The amount of total phenol compounds and DPPH radical scaveng- ing activity of OMH increased significantly (P<0.05) upon solid fermentation. Anti-microbial activities of fermented OMH also increased and were approximately 100-fold greater than those of unfermented samples. Oral pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, or Streptococcus mutans were used for determination of anti-microbial effects of OMH. Formulation of the mouthwash was developed based on the results of the sensory evaluation. Among seven formulas, the best formula chosen by the sensory evaluation was as follows: mouthwash prepared with 0.075% ethanol extract of solid fermented OMH as a main ingredient, 83.64% hot water extract of mint and clove (100:15, v/v) as a mouthwash base component, and other miscellaneous ingredients, including sodium fluoride, menthol, and surfactants. Data from a consumer's preference test with 30 participants, overall accept- ance, and willingness to buy the product developed in this study were all significantly higher for the tested mouthwash compared to mouthwash on the market manufactured with OMH but with a different formula. Duration of freshness of the mouthwash after usage as determined by Breath Checker was not significantly different between the two samples, although the duration of our product was slightly longer than that of the commercial product mentioned above.

추출 방법에 따른 상지에 배양한 상황버섯 균사체 추출물의 항산화 활성

This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activities of extracts derived with different extraction methods (HE, hot water extraction; UE, ultrasonic extraction; and PE, pressured extraction) from Phellinuslinteus mycelium in Mori ramulus. The extraction yield of PE (7.73%) was higher than that of UE (6.03%) and of HE (5.44%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of PE were 9.87 g/100 g and 1.90 g/100 g, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of PE (769.63 μM/g FW) was higher than that of HE (622.96 μM/g FW) and of UE (249.06 μM/g FW). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of PE at 1,000 μg/mL were 35.85% and 51.42%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activity of PE, 29.16-93.89%, was higher than that of other extracts. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power and the reducing power of PE were 180.60-607.93 μM and 0.14-0.51, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibition activity of PE (9.66-24.05%) improved with an increase in the treatment concentration. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of PE were significantly higher than those of the other extracts. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that Phellinus linteus mycelium extracts from Mori ramulus have potential as functional materials.

Effect of extraction media on preliminary characterizations and antioxidant activities of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides

Three partially purified polysaccharides were extracted from Phellinus linteus mycelia using hot water, 1% (NH4)2C2O4, and 1.25M NaOH/0.05% NaBH4, and the extracts were named PL-W, PL-A, and, PL-N respectively. PL-N mainly comprised xylose and arabinose with a high molecular weight (Mw) and the highest carbohydrate and uronic acid contents. PL-W and PL-A were mainly composed of glucose with high and low Mw fractions in various ratios. All three polysaccharides existed as compact coils in aqueous solutions and exhibited strong scavenging capacity and antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. The polysaccharides also had high uronic acid and carbohydrate contents and strong antioxidant activities. The Mws, monosaccharide compositions, and chemical structures of the polysaccharides also affected their antioxidant activities. PL-A and PL-N had better antioxidant activities and could thus be developed as potential natural antioxidant agents for applications in food additives and biomedical industries.

상황버섯 균사체를 이용한 양갱 제조 및 품질 특성

The principal objective of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of yanggaeng supplemented with powder derived from Sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus) mycelia. We analyzed the potential of uti- lizing Phellinus linteus mycelia as a functional food material by estimating total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, electron-donating abilities, as well as antioxidative activities of the water and ethanol extracts of Sanghwang mushroom mycelia. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of ethanol extracts from Phellinus lin- teus mycelia were 0.69 mg/ml and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively, while the contents from the water extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia were 0.66 mg/ml and 0.22 mg/ml, respectively. The electron-donating abilities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 88.64 and 90.29%, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 89.74 and 71.35%, respectively. In terms of color values, as the level of powder increased, the value of L (lightness) decreased, whereas those of a (redness) and b (yellowness) increased. In regard to the mechanical properties of the samples, we noted significant differences in hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess (P<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the score from SHM (Sanghwang mushroom mycelia) with 4% powder was significantly higher than other samples in terms of sweetness, color, taste, texture and overall quality (P<0.05). Taken together, the recommended level of Phellinus linteus mycelia powder in yanggaeng is 4% for optimal sensory characteristics.

상황버섯, 상황버섯균사체배양쌀 추출물의 비만 및 당뇨 억제 효과

본 연구에서는 상황버섯(PL)과 상황버섯균사체를 접종시켜 20일간 배양한 상황버섯균사체배양쌀 추출물(PLM)의 항당뇨와 항비만 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 지방축적 억제 효과를 확인하기 위하여 분화유도 후 8일째에 Oil Red O 염색을 통해 세포 내 형성된 lipid droplet을 isopropanol에 용출하여 500 nm에서 흡광도를 측정한 결과 PL 3, 30, 100, 300 μg/mL에서 P<0.01 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. PLM은 농도 의존적으로 P<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. CETP 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 PL 300 μg/mL에서 P<0.05 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. PLM은 100 μg/mL에서 P<0.05 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났으며, PLM 300 μg/mL에서는 P<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. 인슐린에 의한 세포내 신호전달에 있어서 인슐린의 효과를 저해하는 PTP1B의 활성을 측정한 결과, PL은 10, 30, 100 μg/mL에서 통계적으로 P<0.05 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났으며 PL 1,000 μg/mL에 있어서는 P<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. PLM은 대조군에 비하여 PLM 1 μg/mL에서 통계적으로 P<0.05 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났으며 PLM 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1,000 μg/mL에 있어서는 P<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. 또한 고지방식이에 PL과 PLM을 28일간 경구투여 하였을 때 총콜레스테롤은 HFD군에 비해 PL, PLM군 모두 유의적인 감소를 나타내었고(P<0.05), 혈청의 중성지방(triglyceride) 농도는 HFD군에 비해 PL군, PLM군은 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 통계적으로 P<0.05 수준에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 HDL-cholesterol은 HFD처리군보다 시료처리군에서 증가를 보였으며, PLM처리군에서 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다(P<0.01). LDL-cholesterol은 HFD군에 비해 PL군, PLM군에서 감소하였으며, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 상황버섯과 상황버섯균사체 배양쌀은 지방세포의 분화를 억제시키며 PL과 PLM이 혈청지질 조정을 개선시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 앞으로 항비만, 항당뇨 생리활성을 나타내는 식품소재로서의 개발에 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Three novel sesquiterpenes from the mycelium of Phellinus linteus

Abstract Three novel sesquiterpenes, phellilins A–C (1–3), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the cultured mycelium of Phellinus linteus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Some of the compounds showed weak inhibitory activity on superoxide anion generation and elastase release.

β-Glucuronidase 저해 활성이 우수한 결명자를 첨가한 상황 균사체 배양액의 생리활성

We examined the effects of biological activity Phellinus linteus mycelium culture with cassiae semen extract. Firstly, the optimal temperature, initial pH and culture period for mycelial growth in a liquid culture of P. linteus were determined, and they were <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>, pH 5.0 and 8 days respectively. The five herbal materials were examined against several health functional efficacies, and, as a result, Cassiae semen was chosen, with its superior inhibitory effects in <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase inhibitory activities(95.3%, 80.9%, 96.1 and 24.2%, respectively). P. linteus fruit body was investigated on <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and they were 54.7%, 81.9%, 30.0% and 20.1%, respectively. Accordingly, C. semen was used in the following experiment, to give an additive functional effect on the P. linteus. As the amount of C. semen in the cultural media increased, mycelial weight and <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-glucan contents also increased, but final pH was not influenced. In addition, the <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, and <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-glucosidase inhibitory activity increased. P. linteus mycelium culture showed higher activities in the other three tests above, except for electron donating activity, when C. semen was added to the medium before cultivation.