Mutagenic Properties Research Articles

A Review on the Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Formation and Reduction of Volatile Nitrosamines in Fermented Sausages.

Nitrosamines are N-nitroso compounds with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. These compounds could be found at certain levels in fermented sausages. Fermented sausages are considered to be a suitable environment for nitrosamine formation due to acid formation and reactions such as proteolysis and lipolysis during ripening. However, lactic acid bacteria (spontaneous or starter culture), which constitute the dominant microbiota, contribute significantly to nitrosamine reduction by reducing the amount of residual nitrite through nitrite degradation, and pH decrease has an important effect on the residual nitrite amount as well. These bacteria also play an indirect role in nitrosamine reduction by suppressing the growth of bacteria that form precursors such as biogenic amines. In recent years, research interest has focused on the degradation or metabolization of nitrosamines by lactic acid bacteria. The mechanism by which these effects are seen has not been fully understood yet. In this study, the roles of lactic acid bacteria on nitrosamine formation and their indirect or direct effects on reduction of volatile nitrosamines are discussed.

Study of the effect of the complex drug interamin on the cytogenetic stability of mice bone marrow cells

The article presents the results of a study of the potential mutagenic effects of the drug Interamin on the bone marrow of mice. Its effect on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells after injection of an experimental mutagen (mitomycin C) was also studied. The antimutagenic potential of Interamin was studied relative to the reference drugs Aminoseleton and Bifeton-B. The study of the mutagenic effect of the compounds was carried out using a micronucleus test in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of mice that is an assessment of the change in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The toxic effect of drugs on bone marrow cells was assessed by the change in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes relative to the number of normochromic erythrocytes. As a result of the study, no changes were found in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes and the percentage of cells of this type in the bone marrow of mice treated with Interamin at a conditional therapeutic and tenfold increased doses, as well as with its fivefold administration at intervals of 24 hours at a conditionally therapeutic dose. The course use of the study drugs at a therapeutic dose before the administration of mitomycin C led to a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 39.1% (p=0.002) and 47.6% (p=0.009) when using Interamin and Aminoseleton, respectively, relative to the indicators of animals, who were administered only mitomycin C. In the group treated with Biferon-B, such trend was not observed. At the same time, in animals of these groups, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes was higher by 33.3% (p=0.002) after the administration of Interamin and by 57.2% (p=0.009) after the use of Biferon-B, relative to the animals of the positive control group. The presented data indicate that the drug Interamin has no mutagenic properties, as well as the presence of antimutagenic and antitoxic effects that opens up prospects for its use as a gene protector and antitoxicant.

Deep eutectic solvent assisted synthesis of molybdenum nitride entrapped graphene aerogel heterostructure with enhanced electrochemical behavior for ronidazole drug detection

In the wake of the ascendancy of pharmaceutics to the forefront of modern-era medicine, antibiotic usage has seen an exponential increase. However, as an inevitable corollary of its misuse, the deleterious aftereffects of antibiotic pollution have emerged globally as a pressing health concern. Ronidazole (RND), a popular veterinary antibiotic and growth promoter, is ill-famed for its carcinogenic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties. A recurring challenge that curtails the quantitative monitoring of RND is the lack of sensing devices with pronounced detection characteristics. Owing to the unparalleled wealth of synergistic features, nanocomposite architectures featuring transition metal nitrides and graphene aerogels have garnered tremendous attention among the scientific community. In this study, we propose a molybdenum nitride entrapped graphene aerogel (MoN@GA) nanocomposite synthesized via a deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted procedure. The choline chloride–urea DES system allows for a more energy-efficient production of MoN and adorns the role of a multifunctional agent and acts simultaneously as a solvent, reducing agent, and nitridation agent. The prepared MoN@GA nanocomposite is utilized as the working electrode for the electrochemical detection of RND. The superior active surface area and conductivity of GA-anchored MoN can efficiently overcome the kinetic barrier for ion transport. The optimized MoN@GA glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed a wide response range of 0.001–918.44 μM with a detection limit of 1.3 nM and high sensitivity of 78.65 μA μM−1 cm−2 toward RND. Furthermore, the developed sensor is unaffected by the presence of other similar interferons. Under optimal conditions, a proof-of-concept amperometric analysis of RND was performed using a MoN@GA modified electrochemical system, and an acceptable recovery value of ±97.4–99.93% was obtained.

Examining the Potential Formation of Ternary DNA Complexes with Chromium‑Cysteine, Chromium-Ascorbate, and Chromium-Glutathione and Implications for Their Carcinogenicity.

The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chromium(VI) complexes have been ascribed to the formation of ternary Cr(III)-small molecule-DNA complexes. As part of these laboratories' efforts to establish the structure and properties of discrete binary and ternary adducts of Cr(III) and DNA at a molecular level, the properties of Cr(III)-cysteine-DNA, Cr(III)-ascorbate-DNA, and Cr(III)-glutathione-DNA complexes formed from Cr(III) were examined. These studies determined the composition of previously described "pre-reacted" chromium cysteinate and chromium glutathione. Neither of these complexes nor "chromium ascorbate" form ternary complexes with DNA as previously proposed. In fact, these Cr(III) compounds do not measurably bind to DNA and cannot be responsible for the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties ascribed to ternary Cr(III)-cysteine-DNA and Cr(III)-ascorbate-DNA adducts. The results of biological studies where "ternary adducts" of Cr(III), cysteine, glutathione, or ascorbate and DNA were made from "pre-reacted" chromium cysteinate or chromium glutathione or from "chromium ascorbate" must, therefore, be interpreted with caution.

Multiplex SERS detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in water samples using gold nanostars and machine learning analysis.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted a lot of environmental concern because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and the fact they can easily contaminate natural resources such as drinking water and river water. This study presents a simple and sensitive point-of-care SERS detection of PAHs combined with machine learning algorithms to predict the PAH content more precisely and accurately in real-life samples such as drinking water and river water. We first synthesized multibranched sharp-spiked surfactant-free gold nanostars (GNSs) that can generate strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals, which were further coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for long-term stability of the GNSs as well as to trap PAHs. We utilized CTAB-capped GNSs for solution-based 'mix and detect' SERS sensing of various PAHs including pyrene (PY), nitro-pyrene (NP), anthracene (ANT), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), and triphenylene (TP) spiked in drinking water and river water using a portable Raman module. Very low limits of detection (LOD) were achieved in the nanomolar range for the PAHs investigated. More importantly, the detected SERS signal was reproducible for over 90 days after synthesis. Furthermore, we analyzed the SERS data using artificial intelligence (AI) with machine learning algorithms based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) model in order to discriminate the PAHs in samples more precisely and accurately. Using a CNN classification model, we achieved a high prediction accuracy of 90% in the nanomolar detection range and an f1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall) of 94%, and using a CNN regression model, achieved an RMSEconc = 1.07 × 10-1 μM. Overall, our SERS platform can be effectively and efficiently used for the accurate detection of PAHs in real-life samples, thus opening up a new, sensitive, selective, and practical approach for point-of-need SERS diagnosis of small molecules in complex practical environments.

On comparison of methods for quantitative chemical analysis of atmospheric air

In connection with the increasing anthropogenic load, it is necessary to control the content of various impurities in the atmospheric air. One of these compounds is formaldehyde, which has carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. To measure the concentration of this substance, various methods are used - chromatographic, spectrophotometric, fluorescent. As an alternative to these methods, the authors propose the use of photoacoustic detection. According to the results of comparative tests, this method should be considered suitable for use in monitoring atmospheric air.

In silico Screening of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Thymus schimperi.

COVID-19 is still instigating significant social and economic chaos worldwide; however, there is no approved antiviral drug yet. Here, we used in silico analysis to screen potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors extracted from the essential oil of Thymus schimperi which could contribute to the discovery of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 phytochemicals. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of compounds were determined through SwissADME and ProToxII servers. AutoDock tools were used for molecular docking analysis studies, while Chimera, DS studio, and LigPlot were used for post-docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for 200 ns under constant pressure. All compounds exhibited a bioavailability score of ≥0.55 entailing that at least 55% of the drugs can be absorbed unchanged. Only five (9%), nine (16%) and two (3.6%) of the compounds showed active hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity, respectively. Except for flourazophore P, which showed a little mutagenicity, all other compounds did not show mutagenic properties. On the other hand, only pinene beta was found to have a little cytotoxicity. Five compounds demonstrated effective binding to the catalytic dyad of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro substrate binding pocket, while two of them (geranylisobutanoate and 3-octane) are found to be the best hits that formed hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and Ser144 of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Based on our in silico analysis, top hits from Thymus schimperi may serve as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to characterize these compounds for clinical applications.

Assessment of mutagenicity of Boswellia serrata extract (Boswegex®) using Bacterial Reverse Mutation test method

Background: Extracted from the Indian branching tree Boswellia serrata, boswellic acids derived from the plant's resin hold promise in addressing inflammation, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia. Objective: In this study, the mutagenicity of B. serrata (Boswegex®) is evaluated. Materials and Methods: The potential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of Boswellia serrata's aqueous ethanolic extract, known as Boswegex®, were explored using a bacterial reverse mutation assay against Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537. Different concentrations ranging from 500 to 6000 μg/plate were tested using both Method 1 (Standard plate incorporation assay) and Method 2 (pre-incubation assay), with DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) as the solvent control. The positive control, 2-aminoanthracene, was used alongside a metabolic activator (S-9 fraction). Given the prolonged use of supplements, an assessment for mutagenicity is vital. In this context, the mutagenicity of B. serrata (Boswegex®) was evaluated through the in vitro Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, employing both the Standard Plate Incorporation Assay and the pre-incubation assay. Results: Notably, none of the mutagenic assays revealed a mutagenicity increase over background levels. Conclusion: These findings collectively indicate that Boswellia serrata (Boswegex®) does not exhibit mutagenic properties.

Molecular Docking and Toxicity from Temulawak Rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) against COX-2

Temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a rhizome that comes from the Zingiberaceaetribe. Temulawak rhizome is commonly used as a traditional medicine in Indonesia as an antiinflammatory.The purpose of this study was to provide information on the potential of temulawakrhizome as a COX-2 inhibitor drug candidate and its toxicity to shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach.).The methods used are Lipinski Rule of Five prediction, PreADMET, molecular docking, pharmacophorescreening, and BSLT toxicity test. The results obtained show that the lowest Gibbs energy is producedby curcumin (-9.65 kcal/mol), has a pharmacophore hit value, meets the Lipinski rule of five, predictsa good pharmacophore profile, but curcumin has mutagenic properties and is classified as toxic afterbeing tested. with the BSLT method. So that it can be concluded that curcumin has the potential tobecome an anti-inflammatory drug, but further studies are needed and modifications to the molecularstructure of the compound can be carried out so that the tested compound can produce better activity.

IN SILICO STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM ARECA NUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) ON GABAA RECEPTOR AS ANTI-INSOMNIA CANDIDATES

Objective: In silico study of chemical compounds from areca nut (Areca catechu) on GABAA receptor as anti-insomnia candidates. Methods: Prediction and molecular docking of chemical compounds from areca nut with GABAA receptors to find out which compounds are most likely to be anti-insomnia therapy candidates. Results: Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina and ADMET prediction via PreADMET website. Molecular docking and ADME predictions show that there is one potential anti-insomnia compound called syringic acid that has the most amino acid residues in common with the native ligand and standard drug compared to other compounds, as well as producing free energy (ΔG) and inhibition constants (Ki) lower than the native ligand. Syringic acid also has a weak bond with plasma proteins. However, in the parameters of toxicity, syringic acid exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Conclusion: Based on the results of molecular docking and ADME prediction obtained one compound with the best results can be used as a candidate for anti-insomnia drugs, namely syringic acid.

Development and quality characterization of sapodilla ready to serve (RTS) drink

We have been awarded by nature with a stunning flora and fauna that has prettified our life. Sapodilla is well known for its therapeutic and nutritive properties. Sapodilla has good antioxidant mutagenic and anticancer properties that directly influence radical-scavenging potential. Sapodilla has a short shelf life due to its perishable nature. An attempt was carried out to develop sapodilla RTS beverages using sonication and microwave techniques. Physicochemical attributes such as acidity, pH, TSS, pH antioxidant activity of the ready to serve (RTS) and sensory attributes were analysed during 90 days of storage. The highest ° Brix was found in T0 with a mean value of 12.14 ± 1.19° Brix, the highest pH was found in T2 with mean values of 3.82 ± 0.006% and 4.28 ± 0.006% and the lowest pH was observed in T1 with a mean value of 3.72 ± 0.03%. All the treated RTS samples were subjected to antioxidant analysis including total phenols, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity. The lowest phenolic content was observed in T0 (334.53 ± 1.66 μg GAE/100 mL of juice). The highest total flavonoid content was found in T2 (316.67 ± 19.51 μg CE/g), and the lowest total flavonoid content was observed in T0 (111.48 ± 24.28 μg CE/g). The lowest total antioxidant capacity was observed in T0 (381.85 ± 6.09 μl AAE/ml).The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the maximum score for sensory properties such as color, flavour, taste and overall acceptability was achieved by treatment T2, which revealed that these treatments of sapodilla RTS were declared the best with sonication and microwave treatment.Graphical

Mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds in meat and meat products: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons perspective

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants posing a great risk to human health due to their mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. They are produced from incomplete combustion of a heat source, pyrolysis of organic components, and fat-induced flame formation. Meat and meat products are one of the major sources of PAH exposure. Since PAH intake increases the risk of cancer, understanding the factors affecting PAH formation in meat and meat products is very important within the scope of PAH exposure reduction strategies. In this study, the features and formation of PAHs, the factors affecting the formation of PAH compounds and their reduction/inhibition pathways were reviewed in order to provide a perspective on the presence of PAHs in meat and meat products.

Impact of textile dyes on human health and bioremediation of textile industry effluent using microorganisms: current status and future prospects

Environmental contamination brought on by the discharge of wastewater from textile industries is a growing concern on a global scale. Textile industries produce a huge quantity of effluents containing a myriad of chemicals, mostly dyes. The discharge of such effluents into the aquatic environment results in pollution that adversely affects aquatic organisms. Synthetic dyes are complex aromatic chemical structures with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties in addition to high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This complex aromatic structure resists degradation by conventional techniques. The bioremediation approach is the biological clean-up of toxic contaminants from industrial effluents. Biological treatment methods produce less or no sludge and are cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly. Microorganisms, mostly microalgae and bacteria, and, in some instances, fungi, yeast, and enzymes decolorize textile dye compounds into simple, non-toxic chemical compounds. Following a thorough review of the literature, we are persuaded that microalgae and bacteria might be one of the potential decolorizing agents substituting for most other biological organisms in wastewater treatment. This article presents extensive literature information on textile dyes, their classification, the toxicity of dyes, and the bioremediation of toxic textile industry effluent utilizing microalgae and bacteria. Additionally, it combines data on factors influencing textile dye bioremediation, and a few suggestions for future research are proposed.

Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products – A mini review

Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of toxic secondary metabolites mostly produced by strains of Aspergillus spp. fungi. There are several types of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFG1, AFB2, AFG2, AFM1, AFM2, etc.), but the most toxic and the most common is AFB1. Aflatoxins have been shown to possess powerful carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. AFB1 can contaminate feed and food during the growth and/or storage under inappropriate conditions. When animals consume AFB1-contaminated feed, it undergoes various metabolic pathways and finally, it is metabolized into hydroxylated metabolite AFM1, which is possibly excreted in milk if the animal is lactating. This issue presents a huge concern regarding the representation of milk and dairy products in the human diet. Furthermore, climate changes have a significant impact on aflatoxin production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and improve strategies for controlling and mitigating the occurrence of AFM1 in milk and dairy products. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the latest scientific literature regarding the occurrence of AFM1 in milk and dairy products.

Insoluble chitosan complex as a potential adsorbent for aflatoxin B1 in poultry feed

As a class of secondary metabolites or toxins produced by fungi, aflatoxins can poison humans and animals; among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dangerous one owing to its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties that increase risks for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans; hence, adsorbents such as smectites are commonly included in poultry feed to mitigate their effects. In this study, chitosan was crosslinked with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to form an insoluble polymer complex that is stable at the relevant physiological pH levels. The characterization via Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed the interaction between the sulfate groups of the SDS and the amine group of chitosan (1,016 and 819 cm−1); this result was further confirmed by the X-ray diffraction patterns with a change in the crystalline structure of the chitosan-insoluble complex (2θ = 4.76°, 7°, and 22°). The morphology of the chitosan-insoluble complex obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that particles were slightly porous. After characterization, the performance of the chemically modified polymer complex was evaluated as an adsorbent for AFB1 and compared with those of the unmodified chitosan, soluble chitosan complex, and commercial montmorillonite clay binder. In addition, the polymer complex was investigated as an adsorbent in an in vitro model for the poultry gastrointestinal system. Sequestration of AFB1 by a chemically modified polymer complex was 93.4%, equivalent to that of commercial montmorillonite clay (99.5%). However, these treatments also sequestered microminerals, particularly selenium and iron. This pH-stable, high-capacity adsorbent could be used in poultry feed to reduce the uptake of AFB1.

Replicative bypass studies of l-deoxyribonucleosides in Vitro and in E. coli cell

l-nucleosides were the most important antiviral lead compounds because they can inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis of many viruses, whereas they may lead to mutations in DNA replication and cause genomic instability. In this study, we reported the replicative bypass of l-deoxynucleosides in recombinant DNA by restriction enzyme–mediated assays to examine their impact on DNA replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. The results showed that a template l-dC inhibited Taq DNA polymerase reaction, whereas it can be bypassed by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase as well as in cell replication, inserting correct nucleotides opposite l-dC. l-dG can be bypassed by Taq DNA polymerase and in E. coli cells, maintaining insertion of correct incoming nucleotides, and l-dG induced mutagenic replication by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase. In contrast, l-dA can induced mutagenic replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. MD simulations were performed to investigate how DNA polymerase affected replicative bypass and mutations when d-nucleosides replaced with l-nucleosides. This study will provide a basis for the ability to assess the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of the l-nucleoside drugs.

Determination of Organophosphate Ester Metabolites in Seafood Species by QuEChERS-SPE Followed by LC-HRMS

Organophosphate triesters are compounds widely used in industries and are ubiquitous in the environment, where they can be transformed into organophosphate diesters. Some organophosphate diesters are also used by industry. Several studies suggest organophosphate diesters can have toxic effects for reproduction, and hazardous and mutagenic properties. Due to the impact these compounds can have on marine biota and human beings through the consumption of fish and shellfish, it is necessary to study their presence in widely consumed seafood species. We therefore developed an analytical method for determining six of the most common organophosphate diesters in seafood. The procedure is based on the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction method and a solid phase extraction clean-up, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was optimised and validated for seafood with different lipid content, providing satisfactory relative recoveries (from 89 to 138%) and limits of detection (1.0-50 ng g-1 dry weight), as well as repeatability values (RSD% (n = 5, 100 ng g-1 (dry weight)) lower than 15%. Eight seafood species were analysed using this method and two organophosphate diesters were detected and quantified in all the samples, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

Analytical Method for Quantification of Several Phthalate Acid Esters by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Coffee Brew Samples.

Several phthalate acid esters (PAEs), often called phthalate esters or phthalates, are substances classified as harmful due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and moreover, as dangerous for humans because they interfere with the endocrine system. In general, phthalic esters are used as plasticizers for different polymers and more other consumer products. In the present study, we describe a simple method to quantify PAEs in coffee brew using a liquid-liquid extraction without purification processes through analysing the obtained organic phase by GCMS in the single ion monitoring mode. The totals of single PAEs, in coffee brew samples analysed by us, are in the range of 159-5305 μg L-1 . Considering that, on average, a person drinks three cups (total 90 mL) of the aforementioned drink per day, this will lead to the uptake of a total 14 to 477 μg of phthalates.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SOME BODY ORGANS UNDER THE IMPACT OF FOOD ADDITIVES

Food additives are quite widely used in different countries worldwide. They include emulsifiers, antioxidants, dyes, and corrective substances. In Ukraine, about 500 substances are allowed to be use in the food industry; they are labelled with the letter "E" and the corresponding number and even are approved by the European Community. Food additives are divided into additives of natural origin and chemically synthesized. For safe use, each substance must undergo experimental or clinical studies and have an evidence base for the absence of carcinogenicity, acute and chronic toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and gonadotropic properties. To date, not all food additives or their compounds have been studied sufficiently in relation to their impact on the human body. According to the analysis of modern foreign and domestic sources, those substances used in the wide field of food technologies and not having clear indicators on permissible dosage were selected: monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite. Data on the effects of long-term consumption of monosodium glutamate, which has a toxic effect on salivary glands, dental tissues, liver, pancreas, colon, female and male reproductive systems, were analyzed. A separate analysis of studies on the combined effect of monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite on the liver and organs of the oral cavity was carried out. The results of the study indicate the occurrence of fatty and hydropic dystrophy of hepatocytes, the appearance of "dark hepatocytes" and an increase in the relative amount of the stromal component. Changes are also seen in the salivary and protein mucous glands of the oral cavity. Thus, having analyzed the experimental studies of modern scientists, we have found out that not all food additives allowed to be used in Ukraine are completely safe. Both individual substances and their combinations lead to significant morphological changes in various organs and systems. The impact of dietary supplements on the female and male reproductive systems is remaining one of the least studied areas. Therefore, there is a need for further research in order to minimize disorders of the functions of the reproductive system and infertility.

Radiation Type- and Dose-Specific Transcriptional Responses across Healthy and Diseased Mammalian Tissues.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is a genuine genotoxic agent and a major modality in cancer treatment. IR disrupts DNA sequences and exerts mutagenic and/or cytotoxic properties that not only alter critical cellular functions but also impact tissues proximal and distal to the irradiated site. Unveiling the molecular events governing the diverse effects of IR at the cellular and organismal levels is relevant for both radiotherapy and radiation protection. Herein, we address changes in the expression of mammalian genes induced after the exposure of a wide range of tissues to various radiation types with distinct biophysical characteristics. First, we constructed a publicly available database, termed RadBioBase, which will be updated at regular intervals. RadBioBase includes comprehensive transcriptomes of mammalian cells across healthy and diseased tissues that respond to a range of radiation types and doses. Pertinent information was derived from a hybrid analysis based on stringent literature mining and transcriptomic studies. An integrative bioinformatics methodology, including functional enrichment analysis and machine learning techniques, was employed to unveil the characteristic biological pathways related to specific radiation types and their association with various diseases. We found that the effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation on cell transcriptomes significantly differ from those caused by low LET and are consistent with immunomodulation, inflammation, oxidative stress responses and cell death. The transcriptome changes also depend on the dose since low doses up to 0.5 Gy are related with cytokine cascades, while higher doses with ROS metabolism. We additionally identified distinct gene signatures for different types of radiation. Overall, our data suggest that different radiation types and doses can trigger distinct trajectories of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways that hold promise to be manipulated toward improving radiotherapy efficiency and reducing systemic radiotoxicities.