Tissues Of Musculoskeletal System Research Articles

Atlas of Musculoskeletal Stem Cells with the Soft and Hard Tissue Differentiation Architecture.

Although being of utmost importance for human health and mobility, stem cell identity and hierarchical organization of musculoskeletal progenitors remain largely unexplored. Here, cells from E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5 murine limbs are analyzed by high throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing to illustrate the cellular architecture during limb development. Single‐cell transcriptional profiling demonstrates the identity and differentiation architecture of musculoskeletal stem cells (MSSC), soft and hard tissue progenitors through expression pattern of musculoskeletal markers (scleraxis [Scx], Hoxd13, Sox9, and Col1a1). This is confirmed by genetic in vivo lineage tracing. Moreover, single‐cell analyses of Scx knockout mice tissues illustrates that Scx regulates MSSC self‐renewal and proliferation potential. A high‐throughput and low‐cost multi‐tissues RNA sequencing strategy further provides evidence that musculoskeletal system tissues, including muscle, bone, meniscus, and cartilage, are all abnormally developed in Scx knockout mice. These results establish the presence of an indispensable limb Scx+Hoxd13+ MSSC population and their differentiation into soft tissue progenitors (Scx+Col1a1+) and hard tissue progenitors (Scx+Sox9+). Collectively, this study paves the way for systematically decoding the complex molecular mechanisms and cellular programs of musculoskeletal tissues morphogenesis in limb development and regeneration.

Actual Aspects of Treatment and Rehabilitation of Athletes with Back Pain

Dorsopathy is a group of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, the major symptomcomplex of which is pain and functional syndrome in the trunk and limbs of non-visceral etiology. Treatment and prophylaxis of spine degenerative-dystrophic changes leading to the development of dorsalgias is an important and complicated problem which should be investigated and solved by complex and targeted prophylactic measures that allow prevention of acute clinical conditions development and give the possibility for athletes to participate in training and competition activities. On the basis of long-standing experimental and clinical investigations we have introduced the theory of degenerative-dystrophic spine changes and dorsalgias development. The theory is based on the conception that both hypokinesia and very intense prolonged muscle exertion can lead to changes in the metabolism of aminoacids and thiamin-dependent reactions of decarboxylation of alpha-acids (their predecessors), which can result in their configuration in musculoskeletal system tissues. Long-term increased stress on the intervertebral disc which has insufficient biochemical supply can cause microtraumas, autoimmune processes, and lead to degenerative-dystrophic processes and the development of pain syndrome (dorsalgias), the latter in its turn causes changes in metabolism and bioelectric activity of skeletal muscles. Our clinical observations have showed that the best treatment outcomes in such patients are registered when both a physician and a coach participate in organizing prophylaxis and rehabilitation considering physical and psychological state of a athletes. In conclusion, it should be noted that prolonged intense exertion in sport can lead to changes in structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system which requires timely rehabilitation to achieve better outcomes.

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine III - Workshop proceedings

A novel partnership between surgeons and machines, made possible by advances in computing and engineering technology, could overcome many of the limitations of traditional surgery. By extending surgeons’ ability to plan and carry out surgical interventions more accurately and with less trauma, Computer-Integrated Surgery (CIS) systems could help to improve clinical outcomes and the efficiency of health care delivery. CIS systems could have a similar impact on surgery to that long since realized in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Mathematical modeling and computer simulation have proved tremendously successful in engineering. Computational mechanics has enabled technological developments in virtually every area of our lives. One of the greatest challenges for mechanists is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, the biomedical sciences, and medicine.Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop series was established in 2006 with the first meeting held in Copenhagen. The third workshop was held in conjunction with the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Conference (MICCAI 2008) in New York on 10 September 2008. It provided an opportunity for specialists in computational sciences to present and exchange opinions on the possibilities of applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine.Computational Biomechanics for Medicine III was organized into two streams: Computational Biomechanics of Soft Tissues, and Computational Biomechanics of Tissues of Musculoskeletal System. The application of advanced computational methods to the following areas was discussed: - Medical image analysis; - Image-guided surgery; - Surgical simulation; - Surgical intervention planning; - Disease prognosis and diagnosis; - Injury mechanism analysis; - Implant and prostheses design; - Medical robotics.After rigorous review of full (eight-to-twelve page) manuscripts we accepted 15 papers, collected in this volume. They were split equally between podium and poster presentations. The proceedings also include abstracts of two invited lectures by world-leading researchers Professor Chwee Teck Lim from national University of Singapore and Dr. David Lloyd from The University of Western Australia.Information about Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshops, including Proceedings of previous meetings is available at http://cbm.mech.uwa.edu.au/ .We would like to thank the MICCAI 2008 organizers for help with administering the Workshop, invited lecturers for deep insights into their research fields, the authors for submitting high quality work, and the reviewers for helping with paper selection.