Softening mechanism of vinasse grass carp during fermentation: The synergistic interaction among water distribution, skeletal proteins, and muscle tissues.

Analysis of WNT5A as a key regulator of intramuscular fat deposition in muscle-adipocyte co-cultures.

A qualitative screening method for 17 coccidiostats in eggs and animal muscle by QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS validated according to Regulation (EU) 2021/808.

Genetic characterization of Contracaecum cf. overstreeti (Nematoda: Anisakidae) larvae in Mugil cephalus fish from the pacific coast of Ecuador.

Evaluation of parasitic and tissue-specific accumulation of emerging contaminants in wild European chubs (Squalius cephalus) across the Seine River system.

Boosting muscle health in aging rats: The synergistic effect of vitamin C, silymarin, and endurance swimming on a high-fat diet.

Ocean acidification modifies site fidelity and patterns of seagrass habitat use by a herbivorous fish.

When not treated adequately, neuromusculoskeletal, tendinous, and joint tissue injuries may become chronic, leading to impaired tissue function due to fibrosis, extracellular matrix densification, and fatty connective tissue accumulation, ultimately resulting in reduced joint and muscle mobility. Timely treatment involving the mobilization of fascia and targeted muscle exercise has been shown to enhance and promote tissue regeneration. Key phases in tissue regeneration after injury include the activation of the innate immune system, followed by its resolution. Although several treatment modalities are effective in restoring tissue function, their success rate and time to recovery may still need optimization. Over recent decades, increasing attention has been given to the role of fascia in neuromuscular tissue function, adaptation, and regeneration. However, the complex interactions between fasciae, myofibers, and the immune system remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the mechanisms underlying fibrosis, extracellular matrix densification, and chronic pain. Fasciae are interconnected connective tissue sheaths that maintain anatomical organization, allow tissue gliding, and facilitate mechanical force transmission between structures. Because of their mediating role in mechanical and biochemical signalling, fascial tissues are also involved in injury and regeneration processes. Pathological stiffening of fascial connections may impair regeneration by limiting mobility and disrupting mechanotransduction. Therefore, treatment strategies that target both muscle and fascial tissues may offer improved outcomes in the recovery of neuromusculoskeletal function.

The concentrations of 36 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and two oxidative stress biomarkers, dityrosine (DIY) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were determined with UPLC-MS/MS in the liver, kidney, muscle, and fat tissue of loggerhead turtles from the western Mediterranean Sea. 8-OHdG was highly prevalent in the liver, with a detection rate (DR) of 95.5%, demonstrating its potential as a biomarker of oxidative stress, it cannot be linked specifically to PFAS. Dityrosine, however, was not often determined in these marine turtles' tissues (DR=17%). Short chain PFAS, like 6:2 FTS, PFPeA and NaDoNa were very prevalent (DRs >50%); although PFOS was found in 76.5% of the kidneys and 41.2% of the muscle samples of the turtles studied. Interestingly, ∑13PFCAs showed high concentrations both in kidney and in liver (median=3347.27ng/g d.w. and 816.84ng/g d.w., respectively). PFAS with similar chemical structures accumulated in the same organs, potentially indicating similarities in their metabolism. Exposure to these PFAS is expected to be relatively recent, as most turtles in this study were juveniles. Finally, no correlations were observed between PFAS concentrations and sex, size classes or location (provinces), therefore, no patterns in bioaccumulation could be assessed. Our findings suggest that these turtles experience chronic PFAS exposure, with some individuals accumulating high concentrations of certain compounds.

Introduction: Although Renal Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a relatively rare entity, it is the most common benign mesenchymal kidney tumour, made up of varying amounts of thick-walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue. AML occurs either sporadically or in association with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). It is often detected incidentally during imaging, though it can present with flank pain, haematuria, or life-threatening haemorrhage, thereby posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Aim: To analyse the clinicopathological features of surgically resected renal AMLs and evaluate the association between radiological and histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, crosssectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, in which the clinicopathological features of surgically resected renal AMLs received between January 2014 and October 2023 were studied. Data retrieval, analysis, and manuscript preparation were carried out between December 2023 and March 2024. Clinicoradiological detailsincluding age, gender, clinical presentation, tumour size, laterality, imaging features (fat-rich or fat-poor), presence of haemorrhage, association with TSC/LAM, and type of surgical procedure were retrieved from the hospital information system of the study Institute. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM Corp, Armonk, NY), version 26.0. Categorical variables are reported as frequencies and percentages, whereas the mean (standard deviations) or medians with interquartile ranges, as appropriate, were used for continuous variables; the associations between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test, where p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The study included a total of 31 patients, with a mean age of 48.9±16.8 years, and a mean tumour size of 10.0±6.1 cm, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of 2.4:1. Twenty-seven cases were symptomatic, while four were incidental. The major subtype was classical (24), followed by leiomyoma-like (4), epithelioid (2), and lipoma-like (1). Fat-poor AML patients who underwent surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) on imaging were confirmed via histopathology (epithelioid-1, leiomyomalike-3). Bleeding was observed with tumour size ≥6.0 cm (n=10 cases; p-value=0.012). TSC-associated cases (n=3) were younger (mean age-30.3 years vs sporadic-50.4 years) and had a larger mean tumour size of 16.8 cm (vs sporadic-8.8 cm). One patient had concurrent RCC. Conclusion: TSC-associated cases present at a younger age when compared to sporadic AMLs. Fat-poor AMLs can typically mimic RCC on imaging. Larger tumours are known to cause haemorrhage, particularly TSC-associated, from the rupture of pseudoaneurysms. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Human Melanoma Black (HMB) 45 and Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) was useful in establishing a diagnosis in atypical AMLs.

Identification of molecular changes in organs of obese rats following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) - studies by FTIR microspectroscopy and chemometrics.

Multiphoton imaging coupled with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy reveals protein-bound FAD in femtosecond-laser-injured regenerating muscle.

Differential mechanical behaviour of superficial and deep aponeurosis and tendon during in situ cyclic contractions of rabbit medial gastrocnemius muscle.

Therapeutic effects of fingolimod through sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Dermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and distinctive skin rashes. Patients typically present with symmetric proximal muscle weakness alongside extramuscular manifestations, including interstitial lung disease and skin infections. While the exact cause remains unknown, researchers believe genetics, infections, and underlying autoimmune processes contribute to its development. The disease likely involves inappropriate complement protein activation targeting the perimysium, which triggers blood vessel inflammation and destruction around muscle fascicles. This process leads to ischemia and infarction of muscle tissue, ultimately causing muscle inflammation and atrophy. This paper analyzes existing data to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis reduce musculoskeletal complications. Several factors contribute to diagnostic delays: dermatomyositis occurs less frequently than other myopathies, early symptoms remain non-specific, and accurate diagnosis requires combining clinical, serologic, and muscle biopsy findings. Current evidence demonstrates that early detection and treatment of autoimmune diseases like dermatomyositis result in higher remission rates and reduced disease activity.

Measuring the forces of individual muscles in a muscle group around a joint is non-trivial, and researchers have suggested using surrogates for individual muscle forces instead. Traditionally, experimentalists have shown that the force output of the skeletal muscle tissue can be correlated to the intra-muscular pressure (IMP) generated by the muscle belly. However, IMP proves difficult to measure in vivo, due to variations from sensor placement and invasiveness of the procedure. Numerical biomechanical simulations offer a tool to analyze muscle contractions, enabling new insights into the correlations among non-invasive experimentally measurable quantities, such as strains and the force output. In this work, we investigate the correlations between the muscle force output, the principal, shear and volumetric strains experienced by the muscle, as well as the pressure developed within the muscle belly as the tissue undergoes isometric contractions with varying activation profiles and magnitudes. It is observed that pressure does not correlate well with force output under higher sub-maximal and maximal activation levels, especially at locations away from the center of the muscle belly due to pressure relaxation effects. This study reveals strong correlations between force output and the strains at all locations of the belly, irrespective of the type of activation considered. This observation offers evidence for further in vivo studies using experimentally measurable principal and volumetric strains in the muscle belly as proxies for the force generation by the individual muscle and consequently enables the estimation on the contribution of various muscle groups to the total force.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant health threat due to their environmental persistence and toxicity. While PFAS contamination is widespread in Florida, the state currently lacks fish consumption advisories (FCAs) for these compounds, despite existing FCAs for legacy pollutants. This study quantified 40 PFAS in edible muscle tissue from 264 fish (16 species) across four estuaries along Florida's Atlantic coast to assess ecological and human health risks. The highest concentrations of total PFAS were found in Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus; 0.209 - 51.6ng/g wet weight) and Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus; 2.01 - 24.3ng/g ww) in the Indian River Lagoon, where up to 68% of Red Drum and 75% of Spotted Seatrout exceeded ecological quality standards, indicating potential impacts on predators. PFOS was the predominant PFAS, driving ecological and human health risks. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of PFOS exceeded the EPA reference dose (RfD) by up to 3 orders of magnitude, with the highest exposures concentrated in Red Drum and Spotted Seatrout from the Indian River Lagoon. These findings highlight that PFAS monitoring of tissue concentrations in fish across Florida's freshwater and marine systems would be needed for accurately quantifying exposure risks. Such efforts are fundamental to informing regulatory frameworks regarding FCAs and ensuring the long-term protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the detection of chlorpyrifos and its impact on the development of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) for forensic entomotoxicology. Larvae were reared on pork tissues (liver and muscle) treated with chlorpyrifos at 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence of chlorpyrifos in both tissues and in larvae across the second instar, third instar, and post-feeding stages, while the controls were negative. Development delays were consistently observed in the treated groups across all temperature conditions. Larvae reared on liver and muscle tissues experienced longer developmental durations than the controls, with the extent of delay decreasing as the temperature increased. Tissue-specific effects were observed, with the liver causing greater delays. These findings highlight chlorpyrifos’ potential to alter insect developmental rates, improving post-mortem interval estimations in toxicological cases.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability, with survivors frequently developing intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) as part of post-intensive care syndrome. To identify a nutritional therapy for ICU-AW, we investigated the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction using a cecal slurry-induced sepsis mouse model. Although body weight and skeletal muscle mass recovered 14days after sepsis induction, muscle strength remained impaired, accompanied by persistent mitochondrial abnormalities. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the pathways termed the 'sirtuin signaling pathway' and 'mitochondrial dysfunction' significantly enriched and Sirt3, a major mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent deacetylase, was downregulated. Biochemical analyses confirmed increased acetylated lysine of mitochondrial proteins in septic muscle tissue. Among these proteins, mass spectrometry detected several proteins in the acetylated band, including multiple complex I subunits. Whether these are direct SIRT3 targets remains to be determined. Knockdown of Sirt3 in C2C12 myotubes impaired mitochondrial respiration, whereas treatment with β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) partially rescued energy production. In vivo, acute-phase administration of β-NMN preserved mitochondrial morphology and skeletal muscle strength without altering muscle mass. These findings demonstrate that sepsis induces mitochondrial dysfunction and persistent muscle weakness associated with Sirt3 downregulation, and highlights β-NMN supplementation as a promising NAD⁺-targeted therapeutic strategy for mitigating ICU-AW.

Amphibians currently face a global decline due to numerous stressors, including contaminated ecosystems. Radionuclides, while less prevalent than other anthropogenic contaminants, can pose a threat to aquatic environments due to their long physical half-lives and tendency to accumulate in organisms. This study investigated the accumulation, depuration, and biodistribution of 134Cs and 85Sr in amphibians through metamorphosis. Limnodynastes peronii tadpoles were exposed to dissolved 134Cs and 85Sr for 6 days and then depurated in clean water for up to 12 days. Whole-body Cs and Sr burdens were analyzed daily using gamma spectrometry. The biodistribution of radionuclides in tadpole tissues was also analyzed at three developmental stages (premetamorphosis, onset of metamorphic climax, and completion of metamorphosis). At the end of the depuration period, 49% of the initial 134Cs and 67% of 85Sr were retained. Cesium accumulated predominantly in the remains (i.e., muscle tissue and undissected organs) and gut, whereas Sr was found mainly in the remains and leg bones. The increased Cs and Sr concentrations in the remains and leg bones, respectively, at the completion of metamorphosis suggest the transference of these radionuclides from degenerating tissues, such as the tail. This research highlights the need to consider developmental stages in the assessment of contaminant impacts on amphibians.