Discussion on "Evaluation of aeration for stabilising a landfill with low-organic waste".

Advances in municipal solid waste derived synthesis gas treatment: Techniques and applications for production of selected fuels & chemicals.

Process-based cost assessment of electrochemical metals recovery from municipal solid waste incineration ash.

From rotary kiln to co-incineration with municipal solid waste: A life cycle assessment uncovering key factors for sustainable medical waste treatment

Bioaerosol emission characteristics from municipal solid waste (MSW) transfer points pose significant health risks to workers and residents. However, studies on its computable evaluation are rare. This study examines the emission characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bioaerosols at various sampling points in and around the MSW transfer point in summer and autumn. Monte Carlo simulation-based quantitative microbial risk assessment was used to estimate the annual probability of infection (P(a)inf) and disease burden (DB) for worker groups (waste collector and operator) and pedestrians with or without personal protection equipment (PPE). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis identified the contribution of input variables to DB variance and rank correlation coefficients. The results show that bioaerosol concentrations at the control room were 1.19-1.34 times lower than the center point but 1.18-1.56 times higher than those at the footpath. The P(a)inf of E. coli and S. aureus bioaerosol for all exposure scenarios in the summer was 1.66-2.18 and 1.45-1.63 times, respectively, higher than that in the autumn. For all exposure populations, the DB with PPE was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that without PPE. Exposure concentration to the DB without PPE was the first predominant input parameter for all exposure scenarios. Sensitivity analysis recommends using PPE as a key mitigation strategy to manage bioaerosol health risks during different seasons and worker roles. This research delivered novel data and provided guidelines for controlling the bioaerosol emission health risks from MSW transfer points.

The recovery of valuable metals from e-waste leachates is essential for advancing circular economy strategies and reducing environmental risks. This study examined Low Density Concrete (LDC), a waste material, as a sustainable adsorbent for the recovery of Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ . This is the first study that evaluated the performance of LDC in metal recovery from a real leachate produced by the anaerobic digestion of alkaline batteries and municipal solid waste. The one-factorial method was employed to find the effect of the pH and adsorbent mass on results. The adsorption behavior was then studied using three different isothermal models: Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin. The findings indicated that pH significantly influenced metal removal, with ion exchange predominating in acidic conditions (pH < 5) and adsorption-precipitation mechanisms becoming more significant near neutral pH. Optimal performance was achieved at pH = 7 and an adsorbent dosage of 0.10 g. The most significant parameter influencing metal removal efficiency was pH, as determined by ANOVA. To enhance process prediction, both Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed. ANN had a better predictive accuracy ( r > 0.98) than RSM. Material characterization such as FTIR, SEM-EDS, and TGA, confirmed metal uptake and associated surface and structural changes. Finally, an environmental impact assessment using the Leopold Matrix indicated that LDC exhibits lower environmental impacts compared to conventional adsorbents. These findings support the potential of LDC as a green, low-cost material for metal recovery from complex e-waste leachates. • Recovered Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ions from e-waste leachate using concrete waste. • LDC showed dual adsorption–ion exchange behavior under varying pH conditions. • ANN predicted adsorption capacity with r > 0.98, surpassing RSM performance. • Freundlich model confirmed multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous LDC surface. • EIA proved LDC greener than GO regarding water, energy, and human health impact.

Application of thermal plasma technology for melting municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: simulation and experiment.

Artificial intelligence-driven municipal solid waste sortation and its significance on downstream waste valorization in the United States: Techno-economic and life cycle assessment

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MIBA) for high-performance, low-shrinkage, and sustainable foam concrete

• Green H 2 is assessed as a diesel alternative for Lisbon waste collection trucks. • The study compares H 2 fuel cells and H 2 internal combustion engine trucks. • H 2 -FCT costs 13.7 €/t, while H 2 -ICET costs 17.8 €/t of waste collected. • H 2 -FCT cuts 1,510 t CO 2 /year; H 2 -ICET cuts 1,001 t CO 2 /year. • H 2 -FCT offers better economic and environmental performance than H 2 -ICET. Decarbonizing heavy road transport is critical for achieving sustainable cities and promoting clean energy use. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of green hydrogen, produced via electrolysis, as an alternative to diesel for municipal solid waste collection trucks in Lisbon. This study investigates two hydrogen powertrain technologies: hydrogen fuel cell trucks (H 2 -FCT) and hydrogen internal combustion engine trucks (H 2 -ICET), compared to diesel internal combustion engine trucks (Diesel-ICET). The techno-economic analysis reveals costs reaching 13.7 €/ton of waste collected (1.88 M€/year) and 17.8 €/ton of waste (2.45 M€/year), respectively. Key infrastructure requirements include 2 MW electrolyzers for H 2 -FCT and 3.4 MW for H 2 -ICET, alongside hydrogen dispensing units and retrofitting trucks. Environmentally, H 2 -FCT demonstrate superior performance, avoiding 1,510 t of CO 2 annually (11 kg CO 2 /t waste collected) compared to H 2 -ICET’s 1,001 t of CO 2 (7.3 kg CO 2 /t waste), representing 64% and 42% reductions versus diesel trucks. While both hydrogen solutions offer convincing decarbonization pathways, the findings underscore H 2 -FCT’s combined economic and environmental advantages. The study highlights the role of green hydrogen in advancing sustainable urban transport and guiding supportive policy development.

Optimization of pretreatments for municipal solid waste incineration ash reuse in cement manufacture: A critical review

• O 2 -enhanced incineration bottom ash shows higher heavy metal levels than literature • Higher temperature and O 2 supply do not significantly alter bottom ash mineralogy • Single-particle analysis identified pure metals, alloys, sulfides and silicates This study provides a comprehensive characterization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) produced by an O 2 -enhanced grate incineration process. Unlike conventional MSWI bottom ash, the ash exhibits notable enrichment of potentially hazardous elements, including Pb, Sb, Cd, Mo, Cr, and Cu, across most particle sizes, reflecting the combined effects of input waste composition and the unique operational conditions of O 2 -enhanced combustion. Bulk mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals distinct variations across size fractions, with minor crystalline phases such as ettringite more prominent in the finest fraction. The ash composition is dominated by silicates and oxides and includes substantial amorphous glass and minor metallic and sulfide phases. In addition to XRD-based phase identification, this study introduces a novel application of cosine similarity-based phase matching for electron probe microanalysis data. Despite differences in chemical composition, the overall mineralogical assemblage and amorphous content remain comparable to conventional bottom ash. This dataset offers detailed insights into elemental distributions and mineralogy of O 2 -enriched bottom ash, providing a valuable reference for environmental assessments, resource recovery strategies, and comparative studies across incineration technologies.

Integrated modeling and assessment of municipal solid waste use for aviation decarbonization

Cross-modal fusion of chemical language and physicochemical features enables accurate and interpretable multi-label odor prediction.

Cement-free binder as a sustainable strategy for maximizing recycling municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

To address the challenges of high energy demands of cement and high costs of alkali activated materials in the preparation of foam concrete, this study innovatively uses all solid waste to prepare foamed geopolymers (FGs). A systematic investigation was conducted to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) powder, soybean oil, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of a novel FG through the alkali activation of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and red mud (RM), employing alkaline solid wastes such as municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) and carbide slag (CS). Comprehensive material characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), were employed to analyze the reaction products and elucidate the mechanisms by which aluminum powder, soybean oil, and EPS influence the hydration process. The resultant material showed favorable characteristics, achieving a compressive strength of 0.89 MPa, a dry density of 474.5 kg/m3, and a thermal conductivity of 0.0801 W/(m·K). The formation of aluminum hydroxide gel during the initial stages of aluminum powder hydration temporarily hinders strength development but subsequently enhances strength at later stages. Additionally, soybean oil was found to optimize the material’s pore structure while moderating the kinetics of the hydration reaction. This study could provide a theoretical foundation for the FG preparation, contributing to the green and low-carbon advancement of the construction materials industry.

Development of a deep learning-based framework for operational optimisation of municipal solid waste incinerators

Abstract - Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) has emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern due to the widespread use of chemical-based products in daily household activities. Common items such as batteries, paints, pesticides, cleaning agents, fluorescent lamps, and expired medicines contain hazardous substances that can adversely affect human health and the environment when disposed of improperly. Despite constituting only a small fraction of municipal solid waste, HHW can lead to soil contamination, groundwater pollution, air quality degradation, and serious health hazards. This study aims to assess the level of public awareness regarding HHW, analyze existing disposal and segregation practices, and promote responsible waste management among households. A descriptive survey methodology was adopted, wherein structured questionnaires were administered to residents through direct household visits. Additional insights were obtained through interactions with waste management officials. The collected data were analyzed using percentage-based statistical methods and graphical representations. The survey findings revealed that only 36% of respondents were fully aware of HHW, while 24% were partially aware and 40% lacked awareness entirely. Furthermore, 60% of households disposed of hazardous waste along with regular garbage, and only 30% practiced waste segregation. These results indicate a substantial gap in public knowledge and proper disposal practices. However, the majority of respondents expressed a willingness to adopt safer waste management methods when provided with appropriate guidance. Based on these findings, an awareness campaign was conducted to educate residents about HHW identification, segregation, safe disposal methods, and environmental protection. The study highlights the critical need for continuous public education, community participation, and effective waste management policies to ensure sustainable environmental protection and improved public health. Key Words: Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), Waste Segregation, Environmental Awareness, Hazardous Waste Management, Public Health, Municipal Solid Waste, Awareness Campaign, Sustainable Waste Management, Environmental Protection, Community Participation.

Towards sustainable waste management: A systematic PRISMA review of environmentally responsible landfill siting.

With the rapid urbanization, the problem of municipal solid waste has become increasingly severe, and waste classification has become a key measure to achieve sustainable development. However, traditional manual sorting is inefficient and expensive, and the existing automatic identification methods based on deep learning have different limitations. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a waste classification scheme that combines Canny edge detection pretreatment with the lightweight ShuffleNet v2 network. First, denoise the image, and then use Canny edge detection to extract the waste profile to enhance the target characteristics and suppress background interference. Finally, enter the processed images into the ShuffleNet v2 network for classification. Experiments conducted on the kitchen garbage subset of Huawei’s garbage classification data set show that the proposed method achieves superior overall performance than SSD, YOLOv3 and unprocessed ShuffleNet v2. While maintaining the advantages of lightweight architecture, the method significantly improves the identification accuracy, thus expanding the technical path of garbage classification and accelerating its intelligent development.