Multivariable Linear Regression Models Research Articles

Identifying the Relative Contributions of Shoulder Dysfunction in Patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome.

To identify and quantify the factors associated with shoulder dysfunction in patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). This was a cross-sectional study with data collected at a single time point. Two large, urban, academic medical centers in the United States. Participants included those with chronic SAPS for three months or longer. Shoulder function was evaluated using both the Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index-Disability (SPADI-D). First, 12 demographic and clinical variables were independently assessed for an association with FIT-HaNSA and SPADI-D score. Next, two separate multivariable linear regression analyses, one for each outcome measure, were created to examine the association of each with all variables. The 113 participants had a median age of 55 years, a median pain duration of 14 months, and a median composite SPADI score of 43.85%. In univariate analysis, four variables were associated with FIT-HaNSA and five were associated with SPADI-D. The FIT-HaNSA multivariable linear regression model (F = 4.01, p < 0.0001) had an overall R2 of 38.27% (n = 98). This identified the worst pain in the past week (F = 10.86, p = 0.0014), and deltoid pressure pain threshold (F = 14.94, p = 0.0002) with significant associations. The SPADI-D model (F = 4.20, p < 0.0001) had an overall R2 of 39.38% (n = 98). This identified the worst pain in the past week (F = 21.04, p > 0.001) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale score (F = 5.32, p = 0.235) with significant associations. Six variables were associated with shoulder function in univariate analyses and three associated in a multivariable analysis. Future research is necessary to determine if these variables are appropriate targets for clinical intervention to improve shoulder function, and to identify the other factors explaining the remaining outcome measure variability.

Cross-sectional association between the isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates with protein and fat in relation to fat compartments distribution and hepatic lipid content in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes

BackgroundDiets restricted in carbohydrates may be beneficial for diabetes management. However, without reducing energy intake, carbohydrate restriction results in increased protein and fat intake. Understanding how this macronutrient substitution is associated with adipose tissue distribution is important to prevent diabetes progression. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with fat and protein in relation to subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic lipid (HL) content in individuals with recent-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for macronutrient quality.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis includes participants with T1D (n = 137) and T2D (n = 170) from the German Diabetes Study (GDS). Dietary macronutrient intake was derived from dietary information assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. SAT and VAT were measured with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while HL content with 1H MR spectroscopy. Isocaloric substitution analyses based on multivariable linear regression models were conducted to examine the replacement of total and higher glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates in energy percent (En%) with total fat, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), and protein in regard to SAT, VAT and HL content.ResultsIn individuals with T1D, substituting carbohydrates with total fat was not associated with SAT, while substituting carbohydrates with protein demonstrated higher SAT [β (95% CI) per 5 En%: 3100 cm3 (25, 6200)]. In individuals with T2D, replacing carbohydrates with total fat or protein showed no association with SAT and VAT. However, substituting carbohydrates with PUFA was associated with lower VAT [-970 cm3 (-1900, -40)] and HL content [-3.3% (-6.9, 0.4)], while replacing carbohydrates with SFA was associated with higher HL content [2.4% (-0.6, 5.4)]. Substituting carbohydrates with protein was associated with lower HL content in individuals with T2D [-2.4% (-4.9, 0.0)], mainly driven by plant-based protein. There were no substantial differences between the replacement of total and higher GI carbohydrates.ConclusionsThe quality of substituted nutrients may play an important role for adipose tissue and HL accumulation in individuals with T2D. Particularly, integrating PUFAs and plant-based proteins into the diet seems beneficial for VAT and HL content.

Psychosocial risk factors and perceived health of medical residents.

Several investigations have shown that residents are especially vulnerable to work stress, with the greatest relevance placed on psychosocial factors. To investigate the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and general, mental and vitality perceived health and job satisfaction among residents in a teaching hospital for a preventive intervention program. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data on psychosocial factors (F-PSICO-INSHT-4.0), perceived general, mental and vitality health (36-item Short Form Survey questionnaire), and overall job satisfaction were collected from an anonymous, online survey (2018). Univariate and multivariate analysis was done. The survey was answered by 107 residents (31% response rate). Female residents had worse perceived mental health than males (P < 0.05). Residents showed a worsening of vitality from the second year to the residency end (P < 0.05). No gender or year of residency differences were found related to general health. Job satisfaction worsened during years of residency (P < 0.01), with no gender differences. The psychosocial factors identified as potential risk factors were workload, emotional demands, participation/supervision and role performance. Multivariate linear regression models showed that compensation and role clarity explain 18% of the variation in general health score (adjusted-R2 = 0.183); role clarity, emotional demands, interpersonal conflicts and difficulty at work the 32% of the variation in mental health outcome (adjusted-R2 = 0.315); and compensation, time pressure, gender and supervision the 32% of the variability of vitality outcome (adjusted-R2 = 0.320). These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial risk factors in perceived health, and overall satisfaction in medical residents during their specialist training.

Intention to use green fashion of Generation Z in Vietnam: Approaching the expanded TPB model

The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing Generation Z's intention to adopt green fashion in Vietnam, employing the expanded Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Data for the analysis were gathered from 315 young consumers from Generation Z residing in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The formulated hypotheses were tested utilizing a multivariate linear regression model via SPSS version 26 software. The findings indicated seven factors that exert a positive influence on Generation Z’s intention to use green fashion in a developing economy such as Vietnam: attitudes, perceived environmental, fashion style, green communication and promotion, willingness to pay, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In light of the study’s findings, several implications are proposed to enhance the intention to adopt green fashion, thereby fostering a circular economy and sustainable development.

Analysis of the interaction between sleep quantity and sex in neurocognitive performance testing for sports-related concussion.

Cognitive testing for sports-related concussion (SRC) has become a critical component in ensuring the health of adolescent athletes. Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a validated tool for assessing SRC and guiding subsequent medical management; thus the effect of different variables on ImPACT scoring is of clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sleep quantity and patient sex on the ImPACT performance of athletes at baseline and time points after SRC. A database containing ImPACT assessments from 11,563 high school athletes gathered from July 2009 to June 2019 in Florida and Colorado was queried. A retrospective analysis that included univariable and multivariable linear regression modeling was performed to evaluate sex and sleep effects on performance, both at baseline and after SRC injury. Patients self-reported the number of hours they slept the night before ImPACT assessment. Multivariable analysis revealed that at baseline, sex and the number of hours of sleep the night before testing had a significant interaction effect with both the symptom score (p < 0.0001) and reaction time (p = 0.0145) ImPACT categories. At postinjury testing, only the symptom score (p = 0.0374) was significantly associated with sex and sleep quantity. Sleep quantity and sex were found to be significantly associated with specific neurocognitive ImPACT composite scores. The results of this study underscore the need for further investigation into these variables in the context of SRC management to provide optimal and personalized treatment for young athletes.

Plasma concentrations of neurofilament light, p-Tau231 and glial fibrillary acidic protein are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and correlate with measured glomerular filtration rate

BackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. The objective was to analyse whether plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and phosphorylated Tau231 (p-Tau231) are elevated in patients with CKD and to identify independent predictors of these biomarkers, with an emphasis on the role of measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR).MethodsIn this cross-sectional cohort study, we included 110 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 (estimated GFR 15–59 ml/min/1.73 m2) without manifest cerebrovascular disease or dementia, and 55 healthy controls. Biomarkers of neurological disorders were measured with ultrasensitive single molecule array methods.ResultsPlasma concentrations (median [IQR]) of NfL (37.5 [22.1–47.5] vs. 13.4 [10.5–16.7] ng/L, p < 0.001), p-Tau231 (25.7 [19.1–38.7] vs. 13.9 [10.5–16.3] ng/L, p < 0.001) and GFAP (190 [140–281] vs. 153 [116–211] ng/L, p < 0.001) were elevated in patients with CKD vs. controls. Measured GFR was negatively correlated with NfL (r = − 0.706, p < 0.001), p-Tau231 (r = − 0.561, p < 0.001), and GFAP (r = − 0.385, p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression models, mGFR was an independent predictor of log-transformed plasma concentrations of NfL (standardized beta coefficient [β] = − 0.439, p < 0.001) and GFAP (β = − 0.321, p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with CKD had elevated plasma concentrations of NfL, p-Tau231 and GFAP compared with controls, and these biomarkers were inversely correlated with mGFR. Measured GFR was a significant, independent predictor of plasma concentrations of NfL and GFAP in patients with CKD. The mechanisms underlying this association need further investigation. Plasma levels of NfL and GFAP should be interpreted cautiously in patients with marked reductions in GFR.

Extra-Thyroidal Impacts of Serum Iodine Concentrations During Early Pregnancy on Metabolic Profiles and Pregnancy Outcomes: Prospective Study Based on Huizhou Mother–Infant Cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to test the extra-thyroidal impacts of maternal serum iodine concentrations (SICs) on metabolic factors and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Single pregnant women aged 18–49 years were recruited during their first prenatal visits. SICs at first trimester (T1) were tested by ICP-MS. Metabolic factors [body mass index (BMI), fat %, glucose, lipids, uric acid, and blood pressure] were measured, and composite indices [the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, TyG-BMI, and the Framingham steatosis index (FSI)] were estimated. Obstetric and birth outcomes were retrieved from the hospital information system, including gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membrane, small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA), preterm birth, and low birth weight. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations between maternal SIC, metabolic factors, and pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 1456 mothers were included for analysis. Maternal LgSIC values at T1 were inversely associated with early gestational weight gain (β = −0.113, p &lt; 0.001) and BMI at T1 (β = −0.070, p = 0.006), but they were positively associated with triglycerides (β = 0.142, p &lt; 0.001), the TyG index (β = 0.137, p &lt; 0.001), and uric acid (β = 0.060, p = 0.018). However, upon further adjustment for thyroid hormones, the associations were attenuated. The joint effects of high SIC and metabolic conditions (hyperlipidemia, high FSI, and GH) suggested increased adverse pregnancy outcomes (increased postpartum bleeding, reduced birth length, and reduced delivery weeks). Conclusions: Our prospective data in the iodine replete region indicated that high SICs at T1 were associated with increased risk of metabolic conditions and adverse birth outcomes, with the associations being independent of thyroid hormones.

The Effect of Omnipod 5 Automated Insulin Delivery on Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes.

Background: Studies investigating the safety and efficacy of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in people with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes are limited. There are no published studies investigating the tubeless Omnipod 5 (OP5) AID system. Methods: This dual-center retrospective cohort study compared 14 days of baseline continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data with days 1-90 and 91-180 post-OP5 initiation. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess changes in glycemic metrics. Results: Among the 26 individuals with sufficient data initiating OP5, 65% were female, with a median age of 27.3 years and median diabetes duration of 10.9 years. Six (23%) had a history of solid organ transplant, and 2 (8%) were receiving enteral tube feeds. Participants transitioned to OP5 from multiple daily injections (54%), prior Omnipod generation (31%), or another AID system (15%). CGM time in range (70-180 mg/dL) increased from 54% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.0, 63.0) to 64% (95% CI: 57, 71.8, P < 0.001) during the first 90 days and to 62.7% (95% CI: 54.9, 70.5, P < 0.001) during 91-180 days. Time above range (TAR) 181-250 mg/dL and TAR >250 mg/dL improved at 1-90 days and 91-180 days compared with baseline (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant changes in time below range (54-69 mg/dL, <54 mg/dL) or coefficient of variation. Two individuals discontinued OP5 within 14 days due to persistent hypoglycemia. One adult experienced a hypoglycemic seizure after 3 months of use. Conclusions: Use of the OP5 system in youth and adults with CFRD led to significant improvements in multiples measures of hyperglycemia without a change in CGM-measured hypoglycemia over a 6-month period, although patient experience with hypoglycemia may limit sustained use. Given the unique comorbidities and pathophysiology of CFRD, these results emphasize the need for future studies to investigate the safety and efficacy of AID devices in this patient population.

Linking cardiometabolic multimorbidity to depressive symptoms in the oldest-old: results from a cross-sectional study in Germany

BackgroundDepression often accompanies cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), but it remains unclear whether this association persists in very old people. Hence, we examined the link between CMM and depressive symptoms in an oldest-old population.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data from a representative sample of individuals aged 80 years and older in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (N = 1,863), we constructed an additive disease index covering seven cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs): myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and obesity. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short form of the Depression in Old Age Scale (0 to 4 points). We employed multivariable linear regression models to study associations of CMD index (0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 CMDs) and CMD count (0 to 7 diseases) with depressive symptoms, adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic index, respiratory and pulmonary disease, cancer, and liver disease.ResultsParticipants had a mean depressive symptom score of 0.94, and 44% reported two or more CMDs. Heart failure, hypertension, stroke, and obesity were each individually associated with more depressive symptoms. Participants with two (β = 0.30; 95%-CI: 0.12–0.48), and three or more CMDs (β = 0.40; 95%-CI: 0.18–0.62) showed higher depressive symptoms compared to those with no CMD, i.e., each additional CMD was associated with a 0.30-unit or 0.40-unit increase in depressive symptoms, respectively. We observed an additive dose–response association between CMD count and depressive symptoms (β = 0.16; 95%-CI: 0.09–0.23), slightly more pronounced for women (β = 0.19; 95%-CI: 0.10–0.29) than for men (β = 0.10, 95%-CI: 0.02–0.19).ConclusionsIndividuals with CMM showed increased depressive symptomatology, indicating the need to address both physical and mental health in oldest-old individuals with high CMD burden. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents conclusions about causality and warrants further longitudinal studies.

Analytical Study of the Detection Model for Sulphate Saline Soil Based on Mid-Infrared Spectrometry

High soil sulfate levels can inhibit crop growth and accelerate concrete infrastructure degradation, highlighting the critical importance of rapid and accurate sulfate content determination. Nevertheless, conventional analytical techniques are laborious and intricate, and delays in processing may result in alterations to the material, owing to oxidation. We recognized the accuracy, reproducibility, and non-invasiveness of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and straightforward technique for soil analysis. In this study, soil samples were collected from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) across three regions in China: the arid northwestern region, the cold-temperate northeastern zone, and the subtropical southwestern region. One group was mixed with Na2SO4 (a readily soluble salt) at mass fractions ranging from 0.1% to 7%, while the other group was mixed with FeS2 (a sulfide) at mass fractions ranging from 1% to 70%. This study aimed to develop a mid-infrared spectroscopy-based method for analyzing soluble sulfate and sulfide in soil. Three chemometric methods were evaluated: partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and multivariate linear regression (MLR). Results showed that the MLR model provided superior predictive performance. For the 20–40 cm sodium sulfate-mixed soil from the arid northwestern region, the MLR model exhibited the best performance with an Rp2 of 0.9535, an RMSEP of 0.0030, an RPD of 4.96, and an RPIQ of 6.26. For the 20–40 cm iron disulfide-mixed soil from the cold-temperate northeastern region, the MLR model demonstrated superior results with Rp2, RMSEP, RPD, and RPIQ values of 0.9590, 0.042, 5.97, and 10.94, respectively. For the 0–20 cm iron disulfide-mixed soil from the subtropical southwestern region, the MLR model achieved the best performance with an Rp2 of 0.9848, an RMSEP of 0.0025, an RPD of 14.20, and an RPIQ of 25.48. Despite regional variations in soil properties, this study successfully predicted sulfate and sulfide contents in soils from diverse areas using mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with appropriate chemometric methods. This approach provides reliable technical support for soil sulfate detection and offers significant practical value for soil assessment in both agricultural production and engineering construction.

Association of physical activity level during pregnancy with preterm birth and infant adiposity: longitudinal analysis from the MAASTHI cohort, India

Abstract Background Physical activity during pregnancy is thought to influence birth outcomes, but its association with it is not fully understood. We aimed to examine the association of sedentary behavior during pregnancy with preterm birth and infant adiposity measured at birth, 14 weeks, and one year of age. Methods In this cohort study, physical activity during pregnancy was assessed using the physical activity questionnaire. Gestational age at birth was determined soon after delivery and the infants were followed up until one year of age. Infant anthropometric measurements such as weight, length, crown–rump length, mid-upper arm circumference, waist and hip circumference, and skinfold thickness were assessed at each follow-up visit. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of sedentary behavior during pregnancy with preterm birth and infant adiposity, after adjusting for confounders. Results Among the 1315 pregnant women who participated in the study, 7.1% had sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher incidence of preterm birth (OR = 1.43, p = 0.041). Sedentary behavior during pregnancy showed a significant association with adiposity in children as measured through hip circumference (OR = 2.53, p = 0.007) at the 14-week follow-up and the sum of skinfold thickness (OR = 1.53, p = 0.024) at one-year follow-up. Conclusion This study highlights a significant association between sedentary behavior during pregnancy and preterm birth, markers of adiposity in children from birth to one year of age. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining moderate physical activity during pregnancy.

Screen time exposure and academic performance, anxiety, and behavioral problems among school children.

The growth of the digital landscape has surely outpaced research on the effects of screen media on the health, learning, and development of children. The potential risk-to-benefit ratio of screen media exposure for education and entertainment purposes warrants further exploration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between screen time and academic performance, anxiety, and outdoor playing among school children in India. A total of 537 parents responded to this online survey and reported approximately 537 Indian school children (mean age 10.9 years) from five schools. Data was collected using an e-questionnaire which consisted of a socio-demographic domain, recreational activities, self-reported physical measures, academic performance, information related to children's screen time, the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (parent version) instruments. We employed multivariate linear regression models to estimate the association between children's screen time and the predictor variables with 0.05 alpha as level of significance. The mean screen time was 3.06 ± 1.22 h/day, the average duration of outdoor play per week was 11.23 ± 4.1 h, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 18.2 ± 3.2. Screen time (h) in a typical week was positively correlated with BMI, the SCAS anxiety score, and behavioral problems and negatively correlated with academic performance. School children's screen time was a predictor of their BMI, behavioral symptoms, and academic performance according to the linear regression analysis. Our findings pointed out that screen time was associated with increased BMI, behavioral problems and poor academic performance. These insights shall be used for development of targeted tailored interventions and strategies to reduce childhood obesity related to screen time. Further research is necessary to rule out the influence of other intricate factors, such as sleep, parental practices, family connectedness, and supervision of parents. The careful use of digital media must serve as a positive force in children's educational and developmental trajectories.

Digital health interventions in HIV projects in Kenya

Background: Although the field of digital health is rapidly growing, there is scanty information on the impact of these interventions on the overall performance of health projects.Objectives: We assessed the influence of utilisation of four types of digital health interventions (DHIs) and application of monitoring and evaluation (ME) practices on performance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) projects.Method: This was a cross-sectional survey across eight public health facilities providing care to HIV patients and where all the four types of DHIs were being implemented in Kisumu County, Kenya. A total of 191 service providers who were at their stations of work on the day of data collection were recruited into the study. Aspects of utilisation of the DHIs, application of ME practices and performance of the HIV projects were measured using standardised 12 statements on a 5-point Likert scale.Results: Using a multi-linear regression model, we established that the four DHIs could potentially explain 22% (R2 = 0.22; p-value 0.001 at 95% confidence interval) of variation in performance of HIV projects. Application of best ME practices could further explain the variation of the relationship between utilisation of DHIs and performance of HIV or AIDS projects up to 33.2% (R2 = 0.332; p-value 0.001 at 95% confidence interval).Conclusion: Optimal utilisation of DHIs improves performance of HIV projects.Contribution: This study provides evidence on the importance of utilising digital health in managing health projects. Further, it augments the central role of monitoring and evaluation in project performance.

Relationship of the revised anticholinergic drug scale with cultured cell-based serum anticholinergic activity and cognitive measures in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or remitted depression.

The Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) is a commonly used measure of anticholinergic exposure. This study describes an expanded and revised version of the ADS (rADS) and its relationship with cultured cell-based serum anticholinergic activity (cSAA) and cognitive measures. Adults aged 60 years and older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD), or both, participate in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia with Cognitive Remediation plus Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (PACt-MD) study. Cross-sectional investigation of data from the PACt-MD study. The rADS includes ratings for 1047 distinct products, about twice as many as the originally published scale; previously published ratings were revised for 40 drugs. Total rADS scores were calculated as sums of ratings of all drugs taken by participants; cSAA was measured in the participants' sera; cognitive performance included measures of executive function, language, processing speed, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory, and an overall composite score. The relationship between rADS total scores and cSAA was examined using a Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Relationships between rADS total scores and cognitive performance measures were explored in multivariable linear regression models. The sample included 310 participants (mean [standard deviation] age: 72 (6) years; 61.6% were women, and 81.6% had MCI [with or without rMDD]). Total rADS scores were positively correlated with cSAA (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.178, p = 0.0016). Total rADS scores were not significantly associated with cognitive performance. The revised scale is recommended as a replacement for the original ADS since it includes ratings for more drugs and was significantly, albeit weakly, associated with cSAA, similar to previous findings using the original ADS.

Unraveling a Complex Mechanistic Picture of Photochemical Nickel-Catalyzed THF Arylation through Product Enantioselectivity Analysis

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of asymmetric THF α-O-arylation via Ni photochemical catalysis, leveraging enantioinduction data to refine the reaction pathway. Originally reported in a racemic fashion by Molander and Doyle, this transformation was re-examined using chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands, revealing distinct enantioselectivity trends depending on the halogen present in the aryl halide and Ni pre-catalyst. Stoichiometric experiments demonstrated that the Ni(II) oxidative addition complex is primarily responsible for trapping the THF radical, while multivariate linear regression modeling confirmed that the halide remains coordinated during the enantiodetermining step. Time-course experiments uncovered an alternative initial pathway when Ni(0) was used as the pre-catalyst, which ultimately converged to the main Ni(II) pathway. EPR analysis further revealed rapid comproportionation between Ni(0) and Ni(II), forming Ni(I) species that engage in radical trapping at early stages, accounting for the observed reactivity differences. By integrating enantioselectivity data with experimental techniques such as EPR spectroscopy, this study establishes enantioinduction analysis as a powerful tool for mechanistic investigations in Ni photochemical catalysis. The insights gained not only refine our understanding of this transformation, but also provide a framework for probing similar Ni/Ir dual photocatalytic systems.1 Introduction2 Enantioselectivity Data Highlights a Complex Mechanistic Scenario3 Probing the Predominant Pathway with Stoichiometric Experiments4 MLR Modeling to Understand the Halogen Effect on the Enantioinduction5 Proposed Prevalent Mechanism6 Initiation with Ni(0) Precatalyst7 Conclusion

Elevated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.

Cognitive impairment is an escalating challenge in aging populations, with risk factors extending beyond traditional domains. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), a marker of kidney and vascular health, has been associated with systemic dysfunction, yet its association with cognitive impairment remains underexplored. This study aims to delve into the association between UACR and cognitive function in older adults. This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 2,385 adults aged ≥60 years. Cognitive function was assessed using composite 'Cognitive Scores' derived from standardized tests. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on UACR levels. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between UACR and cognitive scores. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Smooth curve fitting and interaction analyses were also performed to further investigate the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment. For every 10-unit increase in UACR, cognitive scores declined by 0.019 (β = -0.019, 95% CI: -0.036 to -0.002; P < 0.05), and the odds of cognitive impairment increased by 2.6% (OR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.004 to 1.048; P < 0.05). This trend was also observed in participants with UACR levels below 30, where for every 10-unit increase in UACR, cognitive scores decreased by 0.013 (β = -0.013, 95% CI: -0.027 to -0.001; P < 0.05), and the odds of cognitive impairment increased by 1.4% (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.038; P < 0.05). The study also identified a nonlinear relationship, where the risk of cognitive impairment increased with rising UACR levels, but this risk plateaued at a UACR value of 12.86. Hypertension was found to be a significant factor influencing the relationship between UACR and cognitive impairment (P for interaction < 0.05). This study highlights the significant association between elevated UACR and cognitive impairment in older adults. Notably, even at lower UACR levels, increases in UACR are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating kidney health management into strategies aimed at preventing cognitive decline. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship and explore interventions targeting UACR to preserve cognitive function.

Adverse effects of obesity on overall health, quality of life, and related physical health metrics: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study from the All of Us Research Program.

Population-level adverse effects of obesity beyond commonly considered chronic conditions need to be characterized to understand its overall burden. To assess the cross-sectional associations between obesity and self-reported status of overall health, quality of life, pain, fatigue, ability of physical activity, and the risks of developing chronic pain syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and insomnia. Using data from the All of Us Research Program (the United States), we included participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5kg/m2 and available Overall Health Survey or electronic health records. Cross-sectional analyses of self-reported variables were conducted using multivariable logistic and linear regression models. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to assess risks for incident outcomes. Among 323,640 participants (60.3% were female, mean age: 51.3 years), 20.7%, 11.0%, and 9.5% were with Classes I, II, and III obesity, respectively. Higher BMI categories were correlated with worse health metrics, with Class III obesity exhibiting the greatest disparities. Among those with Class III obesity, 9.6% (vs. 3.2% for normal weight) reported poor overall health, 28.3% (vs. 13.2%) reported severe pain, and 11.8% (vs. 8.4%) had prevalent insomnia. Graded associations were observed across high BMI categories, with Class III obesity showing the strongest effects. Compared with normal weight, in Class III obesity, the odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.82 (3.69-3.96) for fair/poor overall health, 3.93 (3.71-4.17) for severe pain, and 3.13 (2.98-3.29) for severely limited physical activity; the hazard ratio (95% CI) was 2.83 (2.36-3.40) for fibromyalgia and 1.53 (1.41-1.65) for insomnia. Obesity imposes a substantial burden on broad aspects of well-being in the US population.

An 18-Year Study of Changes in Neurocognitive Function and Associations with Repetitive Head Trauma among Former Collegiate American Football Players: A Case Series.

An 18-Year Study of Changes in Neurocognitive Function and Associations with Repetitive Head Trauma among Former Collegiate American Football Players: A Case Series.

Social epidemiology of sports and extracurricular activities in early adolescents

Abstract Background This study examines the social epidemiology of sports and extracurricular activities in early adolescents (9–14 years) using a diverse national U.S. sample. Methods We examined data from baseline (2016–2018, ages 9–10) to Year 3 follow-up (2019–2021) of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 11,270). Multivariable linear regression models with standardized betas estimated adjusted cross-sectional associations between sociodemographic factors (age, biological sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, household income, parental education) and physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours(h)/week) through sports and extracurricular activities at baseline and Year 3. Results Average MET-h/week decreased from 15.5 (±18.7) in Year 1 follow-up to 13.0 (±19.1) in Year 3 follow-up. Female sex, gay/bisexual sexual orientation, lower household income, and lower parental education were associated with lower MET-h/week at baseline. Male adolescents were more likely to play soccer and baseball/softball; female adolescents were more likely to play a musical instrument and participate in swimming/water polo and ballet/dance. Among the most common sports and extracurricular activities, lower parental income and education were associated with lower participation. Conclusion This study of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in sports and extracurricular activities that can inform targeted interventions to reduce these disparities. Impact This study examines the trends and social epidemiology of sports and extracurricular activities in early adolescents using a demographically diverse national U.S. sample. Average early adolescent physical activity decreased across three years of follow-up. Soccer, musical instruments, swimming/water polo, baseball/softball, and ballet/dance were the most common activities at baseline. Female sex, gay/bisexual sexual orientation, lower household income, and lower parental education were associated with lower weekly physical activity at baseline.

A novel artificial intelligence framework to quantify the impact of clinical compared with nonclinical influences on postoperative length of stay.

A novel artificial intelligence framework to quantify the impact of clinical compared with nonclinical influences on postoperative length of stay.