Multiple Logic Research Articles

Institutionalizing Sustainability: The Role of Multiple Logics in B Corp Course Integration

AbstractSustainability has gained increased importance in business schools, yet its full institutionalization within the curricula remains challenging. To address this gap, business schools are increasingly collaborating with alternative organizations, such as B Corporations. However, the factors driving the integration of these B Corp courses into the curricula are not well understood. This study employs an institutional logic approach to examine in what way institutional logics coexist and shape the integration of B Corp courses within business school curricula. A qualitative analysis of 31 U.S. business schools revealed how the coexistence and hybridization of industry, social institution, and sustainability logic shape B Corp course framing, implementation, and perception. Industry logic drives career readiness and market alignment, social institution logic emphasizes community engagement and ethical responsibility, and sustainability logic promotes long-term impact and transformative education. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainability in business education by illustrating how multiple institutional logics can coexist constructively, offering a model for enhancing the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives in higher education.

Cyber risk logics and their implications for cybersecurity

Abstract Cybersecurity in national and international security is frequently discussed in an existential register. However, most cybersecurity activities are normal and routine, including diverse practices of cyber risk management. The intricacies of cyber risk and its connection to security and threat politics have received surprisingly little attention in the cyber politics literature. This article addresses this gap through a twofold theoretical proposition. The first argues that cyber risk in policy and practice inhabits a continuum between ‘classical’ risk and security postures. The second proposes the existence of multiple risk logics, located at different points along this continuum. To illustrate this, we outline two distinct cyber risk logics: ‘risk as potential threats’ and ‘risk as uncertainty’. Through an exploratory case-study of cyber risk policy and guidance in the United Kingdom, we find indications of the simultaneous existence of these risk logics, including in specific organizational contexts. We propose that the ‘risk as potential threats’ logic, in particular, acts as a ‘bridge’ between conventional risk and security. We conclude by discussing how differentiating cyber risk logics facilitates a more finely grained appreciation of cybersecurity policy and practice and provides opportunities for disciplinary engagement with the organizational and institutional politics of cybersecurity and ‘the international’.

Design of Expert System for Identification of Learning Modalities and Multiple Intelligences in Students with Fuzzy Logic Method

Multiple intelligences and learning modalities possessed by each student need to be considered by teachers. Because to maximize the learning process, both of these things are needed. However, this is often ignored by teachers. The learning process that is carried out only focuses on single intelligence and learning methods that focus on paying attention to the teacher explaining the material. This method certainly causes the learning process to be less than optimal. therefore , an expert system is needed that can help teachers and students know this. The expert system that will be processed takes knowledge from the Guidance and Counseling teacher of SMAN 15 Padang using the Fuzzy Logic Tsukamoto method. This expert system is processed using the Visual Basic.Net programming language, this expert system can identify 4 types of multiple intelligences, namely linguistics, mathematical logic, music and intrapersonal and also the learning modalities possessed by each student with predetermined rules. The results of the expert system can help teachers and students in improving the learning process. With this system, it can help schools, especially Guidance and Counseling teachers, in identifying the types of learning and multiple intelligences possessed by each student. So that it can develop and provide solutions for developing student abilities.

Field diary in the study of a school organization: unveiling behind the scenes

ABSTRACT The study of a school organization, due to its complexity and multidimensionality, should be approached from a qualitative, constructivist-interpretivist perspective, in which the field diary is an important source of data and an analytical and reflective tool. In order to understand the importance of a field diary written during the study of a school organization in understanding its multiple logics of action on stage and behind the scenes, we applied the coding processes of the Grounded Theory. We concluded that such a tool has three fundamental dimensions: descriptive, argumentative and interpretive, in a dynamic that allows us to systematise, question and improve processes that are usually hidden in the deep structure of research.

Research Data Management in German Academia from a Multiple Logic Perspective

The requirements for research data management (RDM) have increased. Due to academia’s neoliberalization, however, researchers already face a high workload within a hypercompetitive environment. The demand to integrate RDM as an additional task into academics’ day-today actions seems to be quixotic. To deepen our understanding of early career researchers’ (ECRs) daily work arbitrage, we need to know more about their behavior, actions, and decisions in relation to RDM. Drawing on a multiple institutional logics perspective at the micro-level, we conducted 40 semistructured interviews at German higher education institutions (HEIs) to investigate how ECRs respond to institutional logics in the context of RDM. Our findings revealed three profiles – the conformist, the waverer, and the resister – that make use of different response strategies to the state, market, professional, and community logic. We contribute to institutional logic research at the micro-level and, in addition, broaden prior research on HEIs and RDM by taking neoliberal academia into account.

Examining customer pressure and green supply chain management in emerging market: An institutional logics perspective

Employing contingency and configuration approach, this study explores the role of institutional logics in the relationship between customers' green expectations and firms' adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. The results of a survey of 310 supplier companies in China, an important emerging market, provide the empirical evidence for the coexistence of multiple institutional logics that are divergent from and almost incompatible with firms' GSCM practices. The multiple logics impose different and conflicting effects on the adoption of GSCM practices when responding to customers’ expectations. Thus, decisions about the adoption of GSCM practices are complicated and contingent on institutional logics. Despite advances in GSCM and rising customer expectations concerning sustainability and the environment, firms still struggle to engage suppliers. This study illuminates how multiple and competing institutional logics play a role in this area. Our results suggest that firms with predominantly cost logic are less likely to engage with GSCM compared to those with market or regulative logics.

Dual-channel intrinsic and nonlinear chirality for an all-optical logic operation.

Chiral metasurfaces hold excellent performance in enhancing spin-dependent light-matter interaction, showing broad application prospects in areas such as chiral imaging, chiral light sources, and chiral sensing. However, utilizing resonant metasurfaces to achieve all-optical logic gates has not been reported yet. In this work, dual-channel intrinsic and nonlinear chiroptical responses are achieved on lithium niobate metasurfaces. The combination of bound states in the continuum (BICs) resonant modes with chiral metasurfaces has revealed its linear and nonlinear chirality. The metasurface achieves linear circular dichroism above 0.9 and nonlinear circular dichroism close to 0.9 on the dual-band. Based on the second-order nonlinear chiroptical response, multiple all-optical logic gates (including NOT, OR, NAND, AND, and NOR) can be realized on the chiral metasurfaces. Our results confirm the operability of resonant metasurfaces in realizing all-optical logic gates, offering a potentially promising approach for the development of new, to the best of our knowledge, all-optical logic devices.

All-optical AND, NAND, OR, NOR and NOT logic gates using two nested microrings in a racetrack ring resonator

Boolean logic gates are essential components for optical computing and communication systems. However, most existing methods for realizing them require complex structures, high power consumption, or multiple devices. Here, we propose a simple and compact system that can realize five Boolean logic gates, including AND, NAND, OR, NOR, and NOT, by applying different polarization modes and tuning intensities to the input signals within a SOI resonator system, formed by two nested micro rings in a racetrack ring resonator (TNMIRTR). A formula was derived for the optical transfer function of the system using the delay-line-signal method and the logic gates were simulated using the variational finite-difference time domain (varFDTD) method. The proposed structure operates by combining amplitude and polarization-conversion. TNMIRTR gate has several advantages, such as its micro-scale size, low cost, and ability to realize multiple logic gates within a single layout.

Contingent Contradictions and the (Il)Logics of Adolescence: Examining How Undergraduates in an LGBTQ+ Young Adult Literature Course Read Queer Youth

AbstractThis article explores how undergraduate students enrolled in a postsecondary course centering LGBTQ+ young adult literature came to discursively construct notions of queer youth. Braiding postdevelopmental and poststructural theories of childhood with queer theory, we interrogated how what we name as the (il)logics of adolescence shaped who and what queer youth, as a construct, was and could be for participants. Reading across classroom artifacts and student talk about texts, our findings highlight the shifting and multiple (il)logics offered by students as they attempted to unsettle understandings of queer youth in conjunction with course novels. In particular, we examine how two constitutive theories—homonormativity and chrononormativity—generated both contingent and contradictory moments wherein the subject of the queer child was both regulated and liberated by participants. Offering implications that expand understandings in both the reading and teaching of queer young adult literature, the study closes by discussing this particularly contentious moment, noting possibilities in how LGBTQ+ adolescents can and cannot be rendered and understood through stories of youth.

Vertical and lateral dynamics of middle managers’ strategizing for institutional complexity

Abstract Research suggests that institutional complexity is of strategic importance and recent calls have been made to investigate organizational strategizing in such a situation of multiple institutional logics. We therefore investigate middle managers’ strategizing for institutional complexity. In doing so, we follow theoretical suggestions of a renewed practice-based view on strategizing as a broad social accomplishment beyond top management activities. Based on a qualitative field study in a company under influence of substantive financial reform, findings show that middle managers re-strategize institutional complexity at the vertical interstices of top management strategies and the distributed agency of their followers. Furthermore, the study highlights the character and effects of lateral dynamics of middle managers’ competing strategizing. We explain how these vertical and lateral dynamics provide insight into strategizing for institutional complexity as a distributed, situated, and emergent social accomplishment. Such strategizing practices have unintended organizational consequences beyond both top and middle management control.

Lightweight High‐Throughput TRNG Based on Single‐Node Boolean Chaotic Structure

ABSTRACTWith the rise of the Internet and electronic devices, the security of network information is gaining attention, and the true random number generator (TRNG) is playing an increasingly crucial role in information security. TRNG, based on Boolean chaotic entropy source, has drawn significant interest due to its uncomplicated circuit design and minimal hardware resource usage. However, most existing structures consist of two‐input or three‐input logic devices, forming a complex multinode, geometrically symmetric Boolean chaotic network using multiple logic devices. This network configuration results in increased complexity and reduced throughput. This study introduces an entropy source based on Boolean chaos utilizing single‐node and four‐input XOR gates, which can be easily placed and routed on Xilinx Artix‐7 FPGA. It requires only 29 LUTs and 5 DFFs without any postprocessing, achieving a throughput of up to 700 Mb/s. The output of TRNG has successfully passed various tests including the autocorrelation test, NIST SP800‐22, NIST SP800‐90B, AIS‐31, and TESTU01 tests with favorable results. Furthermore, by applying a three‐stage XOR chain postprocessing on Xilinx Spartan‐6 FPGA and Xilinx Virtex‐6 FPGA, it has passed the NIST SP800‐22 and NIST SP800‐90B tests at 300 Mb/s. The structure was also tested using Xilinx Virtex‐6 FPGA under different temperature and voltage conditions, passing the NIST SP800‐90B IID test.

The changing institutional logics behind sustainability reports from the largest hotel groups in the world in 2014, 2018 and 2021

We develop a content analysis framework that uses a pattern matching technique and a priori coding of stakeholder inclusiveness and engagement, and materiality of sustainability reports. Our analysis identifies the institutional logics behind the sustainability reports of the largest 50 international hotel groups in 2014, 2018, and 2021. We find that the quantity (under 60%) of sustainability reports barely increases over the eight years, but the quality improves. While multiple logics coexist, reporting evolves from a predominant market logic towards a more stakeholder logic, which results in greater transparency and more compliance with increasingly regulated reporting requirements. A longitudinal analysis shows that materiality orientation changes first, followed by stakeholder orientation, and, finally, transparency. We exemplify the values of institutional logics to analyze the multiple and conflicting rationales for the largely subjective and ambiguous practices that shape the quality of sustainability reports.

Construction of HaloTag-based macromolecular probe for multiple logic gates and photoactivatable bioimaging

Protein bioconjugation has emerged as one of the most valuable tools for the development of protein-based biochemical assays. Herein, we report a fluorescent macromolecular probe RF12_POI, in which the coumarin derivative RF12 is specifically conjugated onto the HaloTag fused protein of interest (POI) to achieve a dual stimuli-mediated fluorescence response. RF12 is first obtained by installing a photo-cleavable 1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzyl group onto the C7 hydroxy moiety of coumarin fluorophore with a HaloTag ligand attaching to the acid-labile 1,3-dioxane moiety. Upon stimulation, RF12_Halo exhibits a sequential fluorescence response to photon/H+ on both liquid and solid interfaces. Through the conjugation of RF12 onto the GFP_Halo protein, RF12_GFP_Halo presents a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from photo-cleaved RF12 to GFP in the protein complex. Furthermore, by utilizing the stimuli-responsive fluorescence characteristics of coumarin derivatives RF12 (photon/H+) and RF16 (H2O2/H+), we construct RF12/RF16_POI based protein films and achieve multiple applications of logic circuits, including AND, OR, XOR, INHIBIT, Half-adder or Half-subtractor. In these circuits, the output value of I/I0 is dependent on the input sequence of photon, H2O2, and H+. Additionally, we evaluate the fluorescence labeling ability of RF12 to intracellular IRE1_Halo protein and demonstrate that RF12 containing the HaloTag ligand could be precisely retained in cells to track IRE1_Halo protein. Hence, we provide a unique structural design strategy to construct fluorescence dual-responsive macromolecules for information encryption and cellular protein visualization.

They returned to the Chinese mainland, and what? A collaborative autoethnographic study on the career transitions of Chinese international doctorates from the West to the east

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyse the approaches of three Chinese international doctoral degree holders who received their doctoral education in the West in tackling the challenges of relocation and career transition to the East after completing their doctoral degrees. Through a collaborative autoethnographic research from June 2020 to December 2022, from the theoretical perspectives of institutional theory, the study reveals four tactics of institutional arbitrage, driven by resources, purpose, practice, and legitimacy, allowed the Chinese international doctoral degree holders to extend their international academic networks to the local context, adapt research purposes to fit national needs, introduce effective practices from the international academic community to local institutions, and advocate for the legitimacy of cutting-edge research in the local academic community. Through these tactics, the multiple logics of profession, corporation, market, and state were found to be strengthened in the institutional environment, thus supporting their career development. The study further proposes to view Chinese international doctoral degree holders’ relocation to China as an important component of the international mobility of knowledge workers, contributing to the formation of global scholarship, rather than a simple return journey to their homeland.

Refining Environmental Sustainability Governance Reports through Fuzzy Systems Evaluation and Scoring

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reports have become essential tools for enterprises to showcase their commitment to sustainable development and social responsibility. However, discrepancies persist regarding the criteria, assessments, and ratings disclosed in these reports. Moreover, there is a need for more objective methods to determine the weight distribution of indicator items. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing semantic variables in fuzzy theory and a multiple logic fuzzy inference system to develop an ESG environmental management performance assessment model. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a novel approach utilizing semantic variables and a multiple logic fuzzy inference system to quantitatively evaluate the sustainable performance of an environmental management plan. This research also aims to ensure fair and objective assessment outcomes, providing valuable guidance for enterprises in implementing performance management strategies. Key aspects investigated include the impact of membership functions, the extended utilization of semantic variables and logical rules, a comparative analysis of traditional weight assessments, and the limitations of applying fuzzy theory. Through comprehensive discussions and calculations, it is evident that fuzzy theory offers considerable flexibility in application. By tailoring fuzzy rules and selecting appropriate membership functions, diverse application scenarios can be accommodated. The Fuzzy systems evaluation and scoring EMP model generates EMP evaluation scores ranging from 1.76 to 8.29 for Gaussian membership, 1.80 to 8.19 for Triangular membership-A, 1.92 to 8.00 for Triangular membership-B, and 1.81 to 8.19 for Quadrilateral trapezoidal membership, based on simulated rating scenarios using the semantic variables of completeness and feasibility. This approach successfully incorporates distribution logic from subjective membership degrees to evaluate EMP scores. The findings demonstrate that fuzzy theory enables the consideration of multiple factors and facilitates the provision of objective-level membership, underscoring its potential in addressing complex evaluation challenges. This study illuminates the versatility of the fuzzy system theory, with its applications poised to extend across various domains.

Quantum logic automata generalizing the edge of chaos in complex systems

BackgroundHistorically, although researchers in the science of complex systems proposed the idea of the edge of chaos and/or self-organized criticality as the essential feature of complex organization, they were not able to generalize this concept. Complex organization is regarded at the edge of chaos between the order phase and the chaos phase and a very rare case. Additionally, in cellular automata, the critical property is class IV, which is also rarely found. Therefore, there can be overestimation for natural selection. More recently, developments in cognitive and brain science have led to the free energy principle based on Bayesian inference, while quantum cognition has been established to explain various cognitive phenomena. Since Bayesian inference results in the perspective of a steady state, it can be described in Boolean logic. Considering that quantum logic consists of multiple Boolean logic in terms of lattice theory, the perspective of the free energy principle is the perspective of order, and the perspective of quantum logic might be the perspective of multiple worlds, which is strongly relevant for the edge of chaos.ProblemThe next question arises whether the perspective derived from quantum logic can be generalized for the complex behavior consisting of both order and chaos, instead of the edge of chaos or self-organized criticality, to reveal the property of critical behavior such as a power-law distribution.SolutionIn this study, we define quantum logic automata, which entail quantum logic (orthomodular lattice) in terms of lattice theory and have the features of a dynamical system. Because quantum logic automata are applied to a binary sequence, one can estimate the behavior of those automata with respect to patterns and a time series. Here, we show that most of a group of quantum logic automata display class IV-like behavior, in which oscillatory traveling waves collide with each other, leading to complex behavior; moreover, a time series of binary sequences displays 1/f noise. Therefore, one can see that quantum logic automata generalize and expand the idea of the edge of chaos.

Advancing Molecular-Scale Logic Devices through Multistage Switching in a Luminescent Bimetallic Ru(II)-Terpyridine Complex.

Stimuli-responsive multistep switching phenomena of a luminescent bimetallic Ru(II) complex are employed herein to fabricate multiple configurable logic devices. The complex exhibits "off-on" and "on-off" emission switching upon alternative treatment with visible and UV light. Additionally, remarkable augmentation of the rate as well as quantum yield of photoisomerization was achieved via the use of a chemical oxidant (Ce4+) as well as a reductant (metallic sodium). Upon exploiting the emission spectral response of the complex, several advanced Boolean logic functions, including IMPLICATION as well as 2-input 2-output and 3-input 2-output complex combinational logic gates, are successfully implemented. Additionally, by utilizing the vast efficacy of Python, a novel "logic_circuit" model is devised that is capable of making accurate decisions under the influence of various input combinations. This model transcends traditional Boolean logic gates, offering flexibility and intuition to design logical functions tailored to specific chemical contexts. By integrating principles of logic circuits with chemical processes, this innovative approach enables structure determination of the chemical states based on input conditions, thereby unlocking avenues for exploring intricate interactions and reactions beyond conventional Boolean logic paradigms.

Institutional pressures and greenwashing in social responsibility: reversing the link with hybridization capability

PurposeDespite the ongoing scholarly interest in greenwashing, it is not well known the impact of multiple institutional pressures on greenwashing in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Following the institutional logics perspective, this study investigates how three distinct logics – commercial, public, and social welfare – drive greenwashing and whether organizational capability for blending diverse CSR expectations reverses this link.Design/methodology/approachThe current study conceptualized and tested an original model on how three institutional logics influence greenwashing in CSR, with the mediation effect of hybridization capability as a response to logic plurality. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was performed on a survey data, which was collected from 150 middle managers in Turkey.FindingsThe results show that while commercial logic has no direct or indirect impact on greenwashing, public and social welfare logics drive greenwashing in CSR. However, these effects are reversed when the CSR hybridization capability increases.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the understanding of what predicts CSR greenwashing by integrating a comprehensive theoretical framework involving multiple institutional logics, conflicting stakeholder demands, and organizational hybridity.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that theoretically and empirically analyzed how the exposure of multiple external pressures affects the CSR greenwashing and how it can be reversed by CSR hybridization capability. This capability mitigates the threats and challenges of multiple logics and turns them into an opportunity to gain legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders by preventing greenwashing.

The multiple logics of Buddhist monastery accounting

Research has shown that Buddhist monasteries’ accounting provides detailed and fulfilling accountability requirements to rulers and the public. However, what influenced such practices is under-researched. In bridging this gap, this study adopts an institutional logic framing and identifies three institutional logics: devotional, public and private that appear to have shaped early accounting thought and practices in Ceylonese Buddhist monasteries. The research comprises the analysis of English translations of 122 inscriptions dating from the first to the sixteenth century. The analysis reveals the co-existence and mutual dependence of the three logics, concluding that these logics influenced accounting at the same time. The accounts are also important tools to maintain the co-existence of these competing institutional logics, highlighting a dynamic two-way relationship between logics and accounting. The study demonstrates the role of accounting as a bridging mechanism, temporarily combining logics to exploit complementarities between them, maintain the hybridity of monasteries and preserve their legitimacy. The ability of accounting to represent all logics enables the stability of monasteries over time.

Automated Continuous Crystallization Platform with Real-Time Particle Size Analysis via Laser Diffraction.

The fourth industrial revolution is gaining momentum in the pharmaceutical industry. However, particulate processes and suspension handling remain big challenges for automation and the implementation of real-time particle size analysis. Moreover, the development of antisolvent crystallization processes is often limited by the associated time-intensive experimental screenings. This work demonstrates a fully automated modular crystallization platform that overcomes these bottlenecks. The system combines automated crystallization, sample preparation, and immediate crystal size analysis via online laser diffraction (LD) and provides a technology for rapidly screening crystallization process parameters and crystallizer design spaces with minimal experimental effort. During the LD measurements, to avoid multiple scattering events, crystal suspension samples are diluted automatically. Multiple software tools, i.e., LabVIEW, Python, and PharmaMV, and logic algorithms are integrated in the platform to facilitate automated control of all the sensors and equipment, enabling fully automated operation. A customized graphical user interface is provided to operate the crystallization platform automatically and to visualize the measured crystal size and the crystal size distribution of the suspension. Antisolvent crystallization of ibuprofen, with ethanol as solvent and water with Soluplus (an additive) as antisolvent, is used as a case study. The platform is demonstrated for antisolvent crystallization of small ibuprofen crystals in a confined impinging jet crystallizer, performing automated preplanned user-defined experiments with online LD analysis.