ABSTRACT Background: Games-based approaches (GBA) have emerged as popular approaches to team sport coaching in recent decades. Despite the widespread adoption of GBA in some coaching populations, misinterpretations have arisen through both mediated and unmediated learning channels. This has the potential to detract from implementation, despite a significant body of research from multiple theoretical perspectives. Purpose: Given the popularity of GBA in the literature and applied coaching practice, an investigation into the impact on player development and coaching attitudes was warranted. Methods: Gaelic games are a set of team sports indigenous to Ireland and provide an example where the national governing body has advocated for GBA for some time, through mediated and unmediated sources. Using separate focus groups with parent coaches (n = 15), talent development coaches (n = 17) and national governing body staff (n = 12), this work explored perceptions of the impact of GBA in Gaelic games. Analysis: The findings indicate that, despite long-standing promotion of GBA in Gaelic games, in practice, there seems to be a lack of clarity on what a GBA entails. Participants at all levels of coaching often misunderstood the approach, conflating it with small-sided games and assuming that effective coaching simply involves setting up games and stepping back. Despite this lack of clarity, participants associated the utilisation of GBA with the development of more skilful players who understand the game better than previous generations of players. Conversely, some coaches seem to adopt naïve applications of GBA, the implication being that rather than a sophisticated use of GBA, coaches were often ‘letting the game be the teacher’, an approach characterised by minimal guidance and limited scaling of game-form activities. In this regard, the notion that merely playing a game is enough to ensure player development, regardless of coaching input, is discussed along with the perceived impact of a copy-and-paste attitude to practice design, a cause for concern for some coaches. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for nuanced coach development, emphasising that GBA should be one tool among many, rather than a one-size-fits-all solution. NGBs are encouraged to support coaches in understanding the contextual suitability of different coaching approaches to promote equitable player development.

By providing a thorough systematic evaluation of more than three decades of academic contribution on social comparison in decision-making, this paper fills a significant need in the synthesis and integration of this imminent topic. The literature has grown but is still fragmented, with multiple theoretical perspectives and methodological heterogeneity. Festinger's groundbreaking social comparison theory is the main foundation of this field, which holds that people assess their skills and opinions in relation to others in situations of risk and uncertainty (Festinger, 1954). Through a thorough bibliometric and systematic evaluation of 307 peer-reviewed papers from the Scopus database, this study maps significant academic contributions, outlines changing publishing trends, and uses theme analysis to reveal the domain's intellectual structure. Its comprehensive approach, which blends quantitative bibliometric mapping with qualitative content analysis, is what makes this work novel. It goes beyond traditional individual-level decision models to emphasize the ubiquitous impact of social preferences, peer effects, and contextual moderators in management, economics, and consumer behavior. This review offers fresh perspectives on the evolution of the field by pointing out understudied theoretical dimensions like prospect theory, social cognition, and fear affiliation as well as the widespread reliance on lab experiments that restrict external validity. It also suggests a research agenda that prioritizes methodological pluralism, context-specific inquiry, and multidimensional theory expansion. Hence, this study provides a key, integrative basis to drive further research into the intricate processes by which social comparison influences decision-making paradigms.

Purpose This study aims to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) can contribute to the sustainable transformation of public procurement systems. It addresses the gap of theoretical models capable of aligning environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals into digital governance models by providing a framework for responsible and inclusive AI adoption. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a conceptual, theory-building approach based on iterative synthesis and the integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. It prioritizes framework development over hypothesis testing. Findings The study proposes the Governance Architecture for Sustainable Public Procurement (GASPP) framework for AI-driven public procurement, linking technological readiness, governance, organizational capacity and sustainability into four interconnected pillars and operationalizing it through a multi-level strategic map. Originality/value GASPP extends the technology-organization-environment framework by integrating insights from resource-based view and Institutional Theory and adding a sustainability-oriented dimension. It offers a unified, multi-level model that links AI adoption in public procurement to ESG performance and public value creation.

Strategic planning, innovation, and firm reputation in Vietnamese SMEs: Integrating social cognition, diffusion of innovation, and institutional theories

Purpose This study aims to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain’s services sector, which has become the primary destination for inward FDI in advanced economies but remains underexplored in empirical research. It aims to identify how market size, human capital and trade performance shape investment inflows, offering new evidence on the macroeconomic drivers of FDI in a major European economy. The findings provide insights for policies aimed at attracting high-value, knowledge-intensive service investments and enhancing Spain’s competitiveness within the global services landscape. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses a new quarterly data set (1996–2023) combining firm-level FDI declarations with macroeconomic indicators. A ridge-regularized log–log regression framework estimates long-run elasticities while addressing multicollinearity and overfitting. The penalty parameter is selected via tenfold cross-validation and verified through rolling time-series validation. Robustness is assessed using ordinary least squares, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Elastic-Net estimators. Diagnostic tests confirm model stability and strong predictive performance, allowing consistent interpretation of the key macroeconomic relationships driving service-sector FDI in Spain. Findings Results show that market size is the strongest positive determinant of FDI inflows, followed by human capital and service exports, while imports have a negative effect. Lagged FDI indicates persistence and path dependence in investment flows. These relationships remain stable across alternative regularization techniques, confirming robustness. The findings highlight that domestic demand, skilled labor and external competitiveness attract foreign investors, whereas import dependence may signal competitiveness weaknesses. Overall, the evidence underscores Spain’s potential to strengthen its role as a destination for high-value, knowledge-intensive FDI in services. Originality/value This paper provides one of the first comprehensive macroeconomic studies of FDI in Spain’s services sector using a long quarterly data set and a regularized econometric approach. It integrates multiple theoretical perspectives – market-seeking, efficiency-seeking and human-capital-based investment theories – into a unified empirical framework. By focusing on services rather than manufacturing, it fills a major gap in the Spanish FDI literature. The methodological design offers a replicable approach for analyzing service-sector FDI in other advanced economies and contributes actionable insights for policies promoting sustainable, innovation-driven investment.

Prevailing deficit logic suggests that women entrepreneurs underperform in innovation due to resource disadvantages; yet, growing evidence shows that gender does not consistently exert a statistically significant effect. We address this puzzle through a contextual–configurational approach, examining how entrepreneurs not only do gender but also do context in achieving a high innovation outcome. Using qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of high-tech new ventures in China, we identify three distinct innovation archetypes and make several key contributions. Thus, by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives, we develop a contextualised understanding of innovation in high-tech new ventures shaped by the interplay between gender, intangible resources and environmental dynamism. In addition, we reveal that the conjunction of women, gender and resource disadvantage can, under conditions of environmental turbulence, foster high levels of innovation, and finally, we reconcile the ongoing debate regarding the role of gender in innovation, offering a more holistic understanding of gender differences in entrepreneurship.

Physical inactivity is a major modifiable risk factor for illness and chronic disease. Despite strong evidence supporting the benefits of regular physical activity (PA), participation declines markedly after adolescence, particularly among college students. To examine multilevel determinants of physical activity among college students and identify key individual- and institution-level indicators associated with meeting recommended PA guidelines. A cross-sectional multilevel analysis was conducted using a large national randomized sample of college students (n = 23,183) from multiple universities. Two hierarchical levels were defined: student level and college level. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was applied to account for data clustering and to assess interactions between levels of influence on PA. The primary outcome was meeting the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) PA guidelines (≥30 minutes of moderate PA on ≥5 days per week). Overall, 29% of students reported meeting ACSM PA recommendations, while 24% reported no days of physical activity. Intention to lose weight was the strongest predictor, increasing the odds of meeting PA guidelines by 41%. Male students were 40% more likely to meet PA recommendations compared with female students. Institutional exposure to PA information was also significant; students who reported receiving PA-related information from their institutions had a 32% higher likelihood of meeting PA guidelines than those who did not. Physical activity among college students is influenced by a complex interplay of individual and institutional factors. Interventions should address both levels by enhancing health education, promoting supportive campus environments, and implementing inclusive wellness programs. Future research should integrate multiple theoretical perspectives to better explain unexplained variations in PA behavior and inform more effective strategies to promote physical activity in university settings.

Purpose TikTok influencer marketing occurs in a dynamic social media landscape marked by mounting regulatory pressure, producing international marketing implications. Now, brands must understand how to quickly adapt and enhance TikTok content engagement across borders. This study proposes and tests a multi-route model of TikTok content engagement across two cultures (individualist vs. collectivist) based on four theoretical frameworks—the dual-route model of Douyin (TikTok) influencer marketing, the Digital Content Marketing (DCM) framework, self-congruity theory, and the theory of individualism and collectivism. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on four theoretical frameworks, the study develops and tests a multi-route model of content engagement. The model includes influencer agility, content quality, and influencer-follower congruence as key drivers of engagement. Data were collected from TikTok users in two culturally distinct countries (the US, representing an individualistic culture, and Kuwait, representing a collectivist culture) to assess the model's cross-cultural validity. Findings The results show that influencer agility, content quality, and influencer-follower congruence significantly enhance TikTok content engagement. In turn, engagement positively influences brand awareness and in-app purchase intention. Furthermore, the effects of content engagement and brand awareness on purchase intention are stronger in the individualistic culture than in the collectivist one. Originality/value This study is among the first to integrate multiple theoretical perspectives into a comprehensive model of TikTok influencer marketing across cultures. It provides novel insights into the differential impact of engagement drivers and outcomes based on cultural context, offering actionable implications for global brands seeking to optimize their cross-cultural influencer marketing strategies on TikTok.

Abstract This article examines the application of the interpretative methods set out in Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) in the context of crime interpretation. Its objective is to assess whether the mainstream view supporting their application is justified and to evaluate counterarguments questioning their appropriateness. Reconsidering the use of VCLT principles is essential because they may conflict with the principle of legality, particularly when they enable broad constructions of criminal offences. This issue is especially pertinent before the ICC, where legality is operationalised through three strict interpretative principles: strict construction, the prohibition of analogy, and in dubio pro reo . Many scholars warn that applying VCLT methods risks undermining this cornerstone guarantee of criminal law. Accordingly, this article deconstructs six arguments advanced to oppose the use of VCLT methods and, drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, demonstrates why excluding them from the ICC’s approach to crime interpretation is normatively defensible.

Purpose This study examines the relationship between work values and job satisfaction in the warehousing sector under Logistics 4.0. It develops a comprehensive framework for decent work by integrating self-determination, equity, triple bottom line and psychology of working theory, focusing on the moderating impact of automation on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 528 warehouse employees in South Korea was conducted, and the data were analyzed using CB-SEM. The study examines how individual, group and societal work values impact job satisfaction through the lens of decent work constructs–happiness, equity and social sustainability. Findings Decent work constructs significantly mediate the relationship between work values and job satisfaction. In addition, the level of automation moderates the relationships, particularly enhancing the impact of happiness on job satisfaction while attenuating the impact of social sustainability on job satisfaction in highly automated roles and showing no moderation on equity. These patterns suggest that automation differentially shapes which aspects of decent work most strongly drive job satisfaction, rather than uniformly exacerbating perceptions of unfairness in the workplace. Practical implications Organizations must address equity concerns by reengineering evaluation frameworks and ensuring equitable benefits across roles, especially in highly automated environments. Social implications The study emphasizes integrating equity and social sustainability into workforce strategies to mitigate disparities and ensure fair treatment amid technological advancements. Originality/value This research provides a novel framework for understanding decent work in Logistics 4.0, integrating multiple theoretical perspectives. It highlights how automation shapes work dynamics, equity challenges and employee satisfaction in technology-driven environments.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of flexible and sustainable work practices, raising important questions about their impact on employees’ work–life balance (WLB). This conceptual paper develops a theoretical model linking sustainable work practices namely flexible work arrangements, remote work, job sharing, and supportive leave policies to improved employee WLB and proposes organizational support as a key moderating influence. Drawing on Conservation of Resources Theory, these work practices function as valuable resources that help employees reduce work–family conflicts and stress. Social Exchange Theory provides a lens for understanding how strong organizational support can amplify these benefits as employees reciprocate supportive cultures with greater engagement and well-being. Work–family Border Theory is used to contextualize WLB emphasizing the management of boundaries between work and personal life. We present propositions for each proposed relationship and discuss how organizational support can strengthen the positive effects of sustainable work initiatives on WLB. The article concludes with implications for human resource management practice and future research directions, particularly in the post-pandemic context of Malaysia’s financial sector. By integrating multiple theoretical perspectives, this paper offers a robust framework for understanding how sustainable work practices can foster a healthier WLB in modern-day organizations.

The study understands criminality as a progression along a continuum; this is different from the often-held perspective that criminality is an individual trait or choice. In this way, the current study takes information obtained from systematic reviews of empirical criminological studies from 2000 to 2020 and synthesizes contemporary theoretical insights about how criminal behaviour emerges, persists and ceases through social interactions between structural conditions and institutional responses over time through three core research questions using the PRISMA framework. As a result of this systematic review, there is substantial agreement on five theoretical perspectives that dominate contemporary criminological research: General Strain Theory, Social Learning Theory, Social Control Theory, Labelling Theory and Life Course Criminology. Although many studies are framed within one theoretical perspective, the majority of studies combine multiple theoretical perspectives, reflecting a growing recognition that criminality is cumulative and relational in nature and exists in relation to social environments throughout the life course. Methodologically, the literature predominantly utilises longitudinal designs, self-report surveys and administrative data and focuses on social interactions, institutional contacts and developmental trajectories. In conclusion, the review presents a pronounced shift in criminological research away from individualistic and descriptive explanatory models in favour of process-oriented explanatory models that will continue to shape theoretical development in future criminological research.

This study examines the historical and contemporary significance of tribal tattooing as a global cultural practice, employing a qualitative, descriptive research methodology grounded in scholarly literature and historical records. The research explores the origin of tribal tattoos, tracing their evolution through archaeological and anthropological evidence, and analyzes their spiritual, social, and cultural functions across diverse indigenous societies. The paper is organized into key sections that first outline the traditional meanings and symbolic functions of tribal tattoos, followed by examination of contemporary adaptations and transformations in tattooing practices. The analysis is framed using multiple theoretical perspectives, including symbolic interactionism, structuration theory, optimal distinctiveness theory, and social identity theory. These frameworks contextualize tribal tattoos as tools of communication, identity formation, health practices, expression of taboos, gender dynamics, and mechanisms of social cohesion. Additionally, the study offers a comprehensive overview of various tattooing techniques and methods employed across different indigenous cultures, highlighting both commonalities and distinctions. The culminating section critically addresses the decline and marginalization of tribal tattoo traditions situating these changes within the broader socio-cultural and global dynamics. The findings emphasize the importance of preserving indigenous tattoo practices as vital cultural heritage amidst increasing global homogenization and cultural commodification.

Purpose This study examines the organizational entry phase of the socialization process as an opportunity for organizations to communicate culture through leadership empowerment behaviors to retain and advance young talent, particularly young women. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews with 31 early-career women explored their journeys from recruitment through their first year of full-time employment, highlighting the significance of cultural fit, organizational culture, socialization processes and leadership empowerment behaviors. Findings Organizational socialization and culture conveyed via leadership empowerment behaviors are undoubtedly intertwined, working in tandem to effectively acclimate young women, helping them understand the meaningfulness of their work and ultimately supporting their visions and paths to future leadership and successful tenure at their organizations. Practical implications This study offers a practical phase model that outlines strategies organizations should implement at four distinct time periods within the first year of a newcomer's employment. Originality/value This study was inspired by organizational leaders' desires to engage young workers and effectively acclimate them to the workplace. It is the first study of its kind to effectively combine multiple theoretical perspectives of organizational life–socialization, culture and leadership empowerment–to address strategies for improved employee acclimation.

ABSTRACT The change toward circular economy (CE) has emerged as a strategic imperative for sustainable industrial transformation. Many firms are still facing substantial challenges with the implementation of designing principles, ecosystem support, and digital technologies. The research explores the relationship between circular business design (CBD), entrepreneurial ecosystem support (EES), artificial intelligence‐enabled innovation (AII), and knowledge acquisition mechanisms (KAM) and their influence on ensuring the enhancement in knowledge integration capability (KIC) of a company which consequently leads to circular economy adoption (CEA). This study examines digital circular economy maturity (DCEM) as a moderating variable that influences how far the process of knowledge integration leads to improved adoption outcomes, based on the resource‐based view, the knowledge‐based view, the dynamic capabilities theory, and the technology–organization–environment framework. This study surveyed 500 manufacturing managers from China and analyzed the survey data through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The outcomes show that cognitive‐based dynamic (CBD), EES, AII, and knowledge asset management (KAM) served as essential predictors for both KIC and CEA. KIC has emerged as the significant determinant of adoption behavior, mediating the effects of these antecedent factors. The findings confirm that the DCEM influences a direct and positive impact on CEA, as well as on the mediating role of KIC in facilitating adoption. To ensure the reliability of findings, a series of robustness assessments were conducted, including multicollinearity diagnostics, model fit evaluation, and bootstrapped indirect effect testing. The study overall contributes to a deeper theoretical and practical understanding of mechanisms and contextual conditions through which firms adopt circular practices through the integration of multiple theoretical perspectives, while also offering strategic insights for policy makers and managers aiming to accelerate digitally driven circular evolutions.

Human rights constitute a form of defense of human life, in its individual and collective configuration, with dignity. This normative political ideal acquired theoretical density throughout history when it was conceived as the desire for freedom and equality in law and in fact for individuals and communities that fought to guarantee their representation in political society. Human rights are the expression that each individual and the social group must be respected in the potential development of their capacities. The perspective of the universality of human rights provides the analysis of its foundation under multiple theoretical orientations and movements in defense of its normative meaning. In Amartya Sen's theory of capability approach, human rights are questioned by their competence in guaranteeing the material and structural conditions for a life of dignity. Jürgen Habermas' discourse theory clarifies the intrinsic relationship between human rights and democracy in their connection with private and public autonomy. Robert Alexy's discursive constitutionalism amplifies the ideal of human rights by deepening the reflection on its characteristics and its politicization in the configuration of fundamental rights. Finally, human rights are the normative reference for the foundation of a democratic and fair society, and we must observe its semantic structure from the multiple theoretical perspectives in dialogue.

This study investigates the reasons internal audit functions frequently fail to detect corporate fraud by examining fifteen global fraud cases through qualitative content analysis. It draws on a range of secondary materials, including academic literature, regulatory reports, investigative documents, and publications from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, to identify patterns that consistently emerge across cases. The results reveal enduring weaknesses such as limited independence, excessive reliance on management information, inadequate fraud risk assessment, insufficient professional skepticism, and the use of outdated audit techniques. These patterns are interpreted using the Fraud Triangle, Agency Theory, and the COSO Internal Control Framework to explain the systemic nature of internal audit failure. The findings suggest that internal audit ineffectiveness stems primarily from structural, cultural, and governance-related constraints rather than from procedural deficiencies alone. Overall, the study offers a cross-case synthesis that integrates multiple theoretical perspectives and provides practical insights for strengthening internal audit practices and enhancing fraud detection within corporate organizations

Recent research has increasingly focused on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and prosociality, with debates due to inconsistent evidence. By comparing these studies, we assumed that different ways of classifying ACEs may affect the results of the analysis. Thus, we reviewed three theoretical frameworks for classifying ACEs and examined how these classifications impact the prediction on social mindfulness. In Study 1, 781 Chinese university students (349 males, 432 females; Mage = 20.03) completed an online survey about social mindfulness and ACEs. In Study 2, as previous research indicates potential inconsistencies between self-report and behavioral measures, to further verify the findings of Study 1, 170 Chinese university students (50 males, 120 females; Mage = 21.17) completed a Social Mindfulness test and an ACE questionnaire. During the analysis, ACEs were classified using three frameworks: threat/deprivation, interpersonal/environmental, and process/context. Multiple linear regression, relative weight analysis, and Vuong's test were used to assess and compare the predictive performance of these models. The interpersonal/environmental model showed the strongest and most stable prediction of social mindfulness. The interpersonal/environmental model has unique advantages in explaining the impact of ACEs on social mindfulness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Exploring the Classification of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationship With Social Mindfulness From Multiple Theoretical Perspectives

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of board gender diversity on firm performance, focusing on age diversity, doctoral‐level qualifications, economic academic backgrounds, and the presence of three or more female directors. Drawing on agency theory, the knowledge‐based view, and critical mass theory, the research examines whether these characteristics improve market‐based (Tobin's Q ) and accounting‐based (ROA) measures of firm performance. Using panel data of Malaysian listed firms from 2018 to 2021, regression models and robustness checks were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that age diversity negatively affects both market and financial performance, indicating potential generational conflicts on boards. Conversely, female directors with PhDs positively influence profitability, consistent with the knowledge‐based view. Directors with an economic background enhance market valuation but show limited effects on profitability, while the presence of at least three female directors significantly improves performance, supporting critical mass theory. These results highlight that the benefits of diversity depend not only on representation but also on expertise and meaningful participation. The study contributes to the literature by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives and offering empirical evidence from Malaysia, a developing economy with evolving governance practices. Furthermore, the study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), by emphasizing the role of gender‐diverse boards in promoting inclusive, equitable, and sustainable governance. Future research should expand to cross‐country analyses and explore the moderating effects of institutional and cultural contexts. Policy implications suggest that corporate governance reforms should prioritize the inclusion of highly qualified women with relevant expertise to maximize board effectiveness.