Multiple Regeneration Research Articles

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic melamine sponges impregnated with deep eutectic solvents for oil spill cleanup

The extensive extraction of oil from the bottom of seas and oceans and its transportation by tankers increase the risk of potential environmental disasters associated with hydrocarbon fractions entering water reservoirs. Therefore, this paper presents the preparation of a simple impregnation of a melamine sponge with deep eutectic solvents (DES), which can be obtained from natural sources, including coconut oil, palm kernel oil, seed oils, mammalian milk, and substances commonly used in pharmacological and physiological studies. A preselection method based on the COSMO-RS model was used to select the most suitable DES among 760 solvents. The selected DES were prepared and impregnated on melamine sponge (MS). Structural and surface analyses were performed by DES-MS. The process parameters that affect the sorption capacity of DES-MS and the affinity tests were performed for specific oil groups. The highest absorption capacities were obtained for MS impregnated with tetraethylammonium chloride and decanoic acid in a 1:2 M ratio. The prepared new DES-MS were characterized by very high sorption capacities ranging from 40.9 to 99.8 g/g, as well as superhydrophobicity (water contact angle 151°), superoleophobicity (oil contact angle 0°), low density (0.177 g/cm3), high porosity (88.25 %), high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, and the possibility of multiple regenerations without loss of sorption capacity. In addition, the preparation of DES-MS is simple and involves little time and consumption of toxic organic solvents. These results indicate that DES-MS may be a “green” and low-cost alternative to current approaches for removing oil from water.

Principal spectral theory for nonlocal systems and applications to stem cell regeneration models

We first study the eigenvalue problem for a system of coupled integral operators and investigate existence and monotonicity of the principal eigenvalue and asymptotic behavior of the principal eigenpair. As applications of the spectral theory, we investigate a single genotype stem cell regeneration model with epigenetic transitions, and multiple genotype stem cell regeneration models with epigenetic transitions, with or without gene mutations. These models give rise to three classes of nonlinear integro-differential evolution equations. We consider existence, uniqueness and multiplicity of positive steady states to these equations, as well as the long time behavior of time-dependent solutions. Various explicit formulae for threshold values for tissue development, degeneration and abnormal growth are obtained.

New strategy to remove phosphate from low concentration solution by MOFs-modified resin: High affinity and thermal desorption

Adsorption process was usually torn between higher affinity and easier regeneration. Herein, for removing phosphate from low concentration solution, a new strategy was developed to break this tradeoff by metal organic frameworks (MOFs) confined in resins. For comparison, a series of metal oxide modified resins were prepared as adsorbents together with MOFs modified resins (transformation from corresponding oxides). MIL-101(Fe) presents higher adsorption capacity (41.79 mg/g) than Oxide(Fe)@201(36.07 mg/g), as well as high anti-interference ability with removal efficiency of 99.8% (2 mg/L phosphate), even if the loading amounts of iron in Oxide(Fe)@201 is almost twice of that in MIL-101(Fe)@201. Instrumental analysis and molecular dynamics simulations show that the higher adsorption affinity is mainly due to direct interaction between Fe3+ and phosphate via the formation of Fe-O-P, leading to much lower adsorption binding energy (Eads) of phosphate on MIL-101(Fe)@201 (-42.48 kcal/mol) than Oxide(Fe)@201; In desorption process, the MOFs structure can be stably restored with push of organic salt and high temperature (60 °C) around neutral pH due to the reversible structural transformation of MOFs. Moreover, MIL-101(Fe)@201 can continuously purify wastewater containing low concentration phosphate in fixed bed system after multiple regeneration, the water treatment capacity remained above ∼3000 BV and the regenerants can be intermittently recycled with precipitation of calcium phosphate from the solutions.

3D printing of cell-delivery scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

Tissue engineering strategy that combine biomaterials with living cells has shown special advantages in tissue regeneration and promoted the development of regenerative medicine. In particular, the rising of 3D printing technology further enriched the structural design and composition of tissue engineering scaffolds, which also provided convenience for cell loading and cell delivery of living cells. In this review, two types of cell-delivery scaffolds for tissue regeneration, including 3D printed scaffolds with subsequent cell-seeding and 3D cells bioprinted scaffolds, are mainly reviewed. We devote a major part to present and discuss the recent advances of two 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds in regeneration of various tissues, involving bone, cartilage, skin tissues etc. Although two types of 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds have some shortcomings, they do have generally facilitated the exploration of tissue engineering scaffolds in multiple tissue regeneration. It is expected that 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds will be further explored in function mechanism of seeding cells in vivo, precise mimicking of complex tissues and even organ reconstruction under the cooperation of multiple fields in future.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Magnetic Graphene-Based Cation Exchangers for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions

This article describes the synthesis, characterization, and performance of graphene-based magnetic cation exchangers as low-cost nanoadsorbers for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The structure and surface morphology of the nanoadsorbers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of pH, incubation time, saturated adsorption capacities, and adsorption isotherms and kinetics on the adsorption of the sulfonated magnetic graphene oxide (SMGO) cation exchanger has been systematically studied. A comparative analysis of the samples was conducted with graphene oxide, sulfonated graphene oxide, and magnetic graphene oxide. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the estimated maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir nonlinear isotherm was 246.47 mg g–1. Multiple regeneration and reuse experiments indicated that the SMGO performance remained above 80% after seven cycles of removal of cationic pollutants from aqueous solutions that could be applied to wastewater treatment.

Dental implant failure and bone augmentation: A retrospective study.

To retrospectively assess the failure rate of implants placed in augmented and non-augmented sites and to investigate whether the time of implant and bone placement are associated with the risk of implant failure in a university setting. In this retrospective study, data were retrieved from the electronic patient database of the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, USA to identify patients older than 18 years of age who received dental implant treatment. Patient characteristics and the adequacy of available bone were retrieved from the patients' dental records and analyzed. Performing sinus lift and/or alveolar ridge augmentation in stages or simultaneously with implant placement and the need for multiple bone regeneration procedures were recorded. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression models were created to analyze the data. Data from 553 implants were analyzed in the study. More than half of the implants were placed in the maxilla (56.8%) and posterior regions (74.3%). The overall survival rate was 96.9%. Sinus augmentation was performed in 19.5% of the cases, while in 12.1% of the included treatments an implant was placed simultaneously. Staged and simultaneous ridge augmentation occurred in 45.2% and 18.8% of the cases, respectively. Implants placed in an area following (p=0.018) or simultaneously (p=0.025) with sinus augmentation showed a significantly reduced survival. Cox regression analysis showed that smoking and simultaneous ridge augmentation and implant placement increased failure rates. Within the limitations of this study, implants placed in tobacco users as well as in augmented maxillary sinuses, simultaneously or in stages, and in augmented ridges lead to higher implant failure rates. Key words:Bone grafting, dental implant, osseointegration, risk factor, survival rate, treatment outcome.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОРФОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОЧАГОВ КАК ОСНОВА ГЕММОРИЗОГЕНЕЗА IN VITRO В ЗАРОДЫШЕВЫХ КАЛЛУСАХ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Biotechnological elaborations for breeding purposes aimed at creating highly productive wheat varieties require a significant number of morphogenic calli, in which the manifestation of various pathways of morphogenesis in vitro are demonstrated. Of great practical interest is the gemmorhizogenesis in vitro, associated with multiple regeneration of full–fledged plants. It is methodically important to identify the dependence of the induction of this morphogenesis pathway in wheat calli in vitro on the duration of their cultivation as well cell/tissue mechanisms of gemmorhizogenic structures formation. On the example of morphogenic calli obtained from immature wheat embryos the process of gemmorhizogenic structures forming is significantly stretched over time, and the formation of morphogenetic zones lays at the basis of in vitro gemmorhizogenesis.

Variability of morphological features and nuclear DNA content in haploids and doubled haploids of androgenic callus lines of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.)

The work is relevant for understanding evolutionary processes in plant species. Twelve callus lines with multiple regeneration of haploids and doubled haploids were obtained in F1 hybrids of Oryza sativa L. through in vitro androgenesis. Intracallus variability of the morphological features of haploids was often accompanied by a decrease in the values of morphological features with an increase in the serial number (p < 0.05). The number of panicles on a plant and the number of flowers on a panicle on two callus lines in the second or third group were increased. No variability was detected in five callus lines, i.e., such a phenomenon was not a rule. The nuclear DNA content of doubled haploids in four groups of the same callus line was 1.03– 1.09 pg, and for haploids it was 0.53–0.58 pg. Intracallus variability of nuclear DNA content was detected between groups of haploids of the same line and among doubled haploids of the same line. Significant differences were found between the haploids of one callus line and the three other callus lines of the Sadko × Kuboyar hybrid towards an increase of nuclear DNA content (p < 0.0015). The theoretical possibility of the appearance of intraspecific variability among plants with a small number of chromosomes is considered. A scheme of genomic reorganization is proposed for such species: initial plant (2n) → aneuhaploid plants (n + 1) → megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis of the 0-n type, formation of fertile pollen (n + 1) → diploid plant (2n + 2). Aneuhaploid evolution explains the intraspecific variability of chromosome numbers among plant species with low ploidy. Aneuploid technologies can help in the artificial formation of new polyploid crops, and rice is given a primary role.

INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF IONS OF VARIOUS SALTS FROM WATER, USING POLYAMIDE MEMBRANES

The processes of membrane separation and concentration belong to the category of critical technologies for obtaining and processing structural and functional materials for desalination of water. The prospects and advantages of polyamides membranes are determined based on the analysis of the kinetics of membrane separation, the polyamides membrane has resistance to the studied salt solutions. The purpose of this work is to study the features and regularities of the mechanism of selective extraction of salt ions from water by polyamide membranes. Great importance are the methods of water purification in the selective extraction of salt ions from water using polyamide membranes. Methodology. Polyamides have a high selectivity with respect to salts, but the flow of water through them is slightly lower. At a pH range 2.0 – 10 polyamides, they withstand processing temperatures up to 100 0C without significant changes in the porous structure, allow multiple regeneration, and are resistant to most acids, depending on the pH of the medium. Results. According to the results of pilot tests in the extraction of salt ions from water using polyamide membranes, it was found that in the pH region = 6-7, the joint presence of the main charged forms of salt ions is assumed. Conclusion. Thus, based on the results, it follows that the values of the diffusion coefficients of salt ions in membranes with pore radii from 5 to 8 nm at pH =6.5–7.5 are generally comparable for salt ions.

Street-level collaborative governance for urban regeneration: How were conflicts resolved at grassroot level?

ABSTRACT Urban regeneration is one of the most important public administration issues facing modern cities. While abundant studies have focused on the state-led or market-based governance modes of large urban regeneration projects, relatively fewer studies investigate the collaborative governance mode, especially on the numerous street-level small-scale regeneration projects. Street-level small-scale regeneration projects directly touch on citizens’ life and impact governance effectiveness at grassroot level. This paper studies dynamics of collaborative governance of a street-level regeneration that can balance multiple regeneration objectives and successfully address conflicts and tensions inherent in such projects. Our findings are significant in confirming the applicability of the basic tenets of collaborative governance in grassroot level and pointing out some key differences between large-scale collaborative governance projects and street-level small-scale projects in how governance effectiveness could be achieved through different stakeholders’ interactions in urban regeneration.

Regenerability of fly‐ash derived zeolite NaP1: Evaluation via copper recovery

AbstractEffective regeneration of adsorbents is considered as one of the essential qualities for commercial use. However, most of the studies have only reported the adsorption properties and overlooked the reuse of adsorbents. In this study, we determined the regenerability and reusability of fly‐ash derived zeolite (FADZ) NaP1. These adsorbents have become popular to remove pollutants from water, including toxic metals, since they are less expensive, compared to their counterparts, and can be synthesized from a waste product. We evaluated the efficiency of copper (Cu2+) ions recovery from water using multiple regeneration solutions due to medium adsorption selectivity towards Cu2+. We determined the time required for the regeneration using acid, base, and salt solutions. The suitable pH and solution while maintaining the structure of the zeolite were studied. Up to 90% recovery was achieved via three successive regenerations, each taking 3 h using 3 M KCl and 3 M NaCl solutions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence showed changes in structure after regeneration at pH < 5 and contact time <6 h. The desorption kinetics using KCl solutions can be described by pseudo‐second order model. Freundlich model represents the desorption of Cu2+ ions better than the Langmuir model due to regression coefficient (R2) values in the range of 0.998–1.0. Results suggest a strong ion exchange mechanism as the main driving force for desorption. The type of anions (such as Cl− and OH−) in solution influences regeneration in addition to the exchanging cation.

Role of Endothelial Regeneration and Overloading of Enterocytes with Lipids in Capturing of Lipoproteins by Basement Membrane of Rat Aortic Endothelium.

Atherosclerosis is a complex non-monogenic disease related to endothelial damage in elastic-type arteries and incorrect feeding. Here, using cryodamage of endothelial cells (ECs) of rat abdominal aorta, we examined the role of the EC basement membrane (BM) for re-endothelization endothelial regeneration and its ability to capture low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Regeneration of endothelium induced thickening of the ECBM. Secretion of the BM components occurred in the G2-phase. Multiple regenerations, as well as arterial hypertension and aging, also led to the thickening of the BM. Under these conditions, the speed of re-endothelialization increased. The thick BM captured more LDLs. LDLs formed after overloading of rats with lipids acquired higher affinity to the BM, presumably due to the prolonged transport of chylomicrons through neuraminidase-positive endo-lysosomes. These data provide new molecular and cellular mechanisms of atherogenesis.

Regeneration and developmental enhancers are differentially compatible with minimal promoters

Enhancers and promoters are cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression. Enhancers are activated in a cell type-, tissue-, and condition-specific manner to stimulate promoter function and transcription. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful animal model for examining the activities of enhancers derived from various species through transgenic enhancer assays, in which an enhancer is coupled with a minimal promoter. However, the efficiency of minimal promoters and their compatibility with multiple developmental and regeneration enhancers have not been systematically tested in zebrafish. Thus, we assessed the efficiency of six minimal promoters and comprehensively interrogated the compatibility of the promoters with developmental and regeneration enhancers. We found that the fos minimal promoter and Drosophila synthetic core promoter (DSCP) yielded high rates of leaky expression that may complicate the interpretation of enhancer assays. Notably, the adenovirus E1b promoter, the zebrafish lepb 0.8-kb (P0.8) and lepb 2-kb (P2) promoters, and a new zebrafish synthetic promoter (ZSP) that combines elements of the E1b and P0.8 promoters drove little or no ectopic expression, making them suitable for transgenic assays. We also found significant differences in compatibility among specific combinations of promoters and enhancers, indicating the importance of promoters as key regulatory elements determining the specificity of gene expression. Our study provides guidelines for transgenic enhancer assays in zebrafish to aid in the discovery of functional enhancers regulating development and regeneration.

Study on the Change Law of Performance and Regeneration Mechanism of Aging SBS Modified Asphalt

This paper starts from the research status of SBS modified asphalt aging and regeneration mechanism at home and abroad , and summarizes the performance change law and regeneration mechanism of SBS modified asphalt. Asphalt aging is the main factor that affects the durability of asphalt pavement, and then reduces the service life of the pavement. Through the analysis of the aging status of SBS modified asphalt, the performance change law of aging SBS modified asphalt is analyzed from the microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. The influence factors of multiple aging, rejuvenating agent and regeneration method on the regeneration mechanism of aging SBS modified asphalt . The study of asphalt performance provides reference and reference.

Mechanism to suppress regenerative chatter vibration due to the effect of air-cutting and multiple regeneration during low frequency vibration cutting

Recently, the application of low frequency vibration has been attempted in the turning process. The tool is vibrated in the feed direction by numerical control to break up long continuous chips that adversely affect the surface quality and tool wear, etc., by generating a duration of cutting edge leaving workpiece. In order to achieve higher machining efficiency in vibration cutting, however, it is necessary to focus on chatter stability. When chattering occurs, a higher frequency chatter vibration is superimposed on the low-frequency tool vibration caused by the feed motion of the servo drive. However, the chatter amplitude decreases due to system damping, because the cutting force does not act in the air-cutting section of vibration cutting. In addition, tool displacement is regenerated not only before one spindle rotation, but also before two or more rotations in vibration cutting. Therefore, the application of low frequency vibration has an important influence on the chatter stability. The purpose of this study is to reveal the detailed effects of vibration conditions on the stability limit, and identify the vibration conditions that achieve high chatter stability. We consider the effect of the air-cutting and multi-rotation delayed regeneration described above, in which chatter displacement occurring more than two spindle rotations before is regenerated, and analyze regenerative chatter vibration during vibration cutting in the frequency domain. In this study, the phase difference φ of tool motion in vibration cutting is focused as an important vibration condition parameter that affects the stability limit. In the conventional condition (φ = π), the air-cutting ratio is limited to a relatively low value, and only the dynamic displacements before one and two spindle revolutions are regenerated. On the other hand, setting φ appropriately under the condition φ≠π, the air-cutting ratio is increased. Furthermore, the dynamic displacement is regenerated not only before one and two spindle rotations but also before three or more spindle rotations. These results indicate that proper setting of the phase difference φ is effective in suppressing regenerative chatter vibration due to the effects of both the air-cutting phenomenon and multi-rotation delay. Finally, cutting experiments show that the phase difference φ specified by the analysis was effective in suppressing chatter vibration. In summary, the application of low frequency vibration with an appropriately set phase difference φ is an effective strategy for suppressing chatter vibration without reducing the material removal rate in the turning process.

Advances in the Micropropagation and Genetic Transformation of Agave Species

The Agave genus is composed of approximately 210 species distributed from south United States to Colombia and Venezuela. Numerous Agave species have been used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages and have attracted interest in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Despite their economic importance, there are few initiatives for the improvement and selection of characteristics of interest. This is mainly due to its morphology, long lifecycles, and monocarpic nature. Micropropagation is a feasible alternative to the improvement of Agave species. It has been used for multiple purposes, including massive propagation, induction of somaclonal variation to enhance agronomic characteristics of interest, maintenance of specific genotypes, and genetic transformation using molecular techniques. In this report, we summarize the most outstanding findings regarding the micropropagation of Agave species mediated by multiple regeneration responses. We also describe the media and growth regulators for each of the previously described methods. In addition, we discuss how micropropagation has allowed the development of transformation protocols. Exploitation of this technology may be a feasible strategy to introduce genes and improve certain traits. Genetic transformation also offers an opportunity for studying molecular mechanisms. This represents advantages for optimizing production in the field and for implementing breeding programs.

IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION FROM LEAF AND STEM DERIVED CALLUS OF Solanum diphyllum L. – A POTENT MEDICINAL HERB

The present study was conducted to standardize a suitable protocol for rapid callus induction and in vitro regeneration in Solanum diphyllum using leaf and stem explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations and combinations. Among the growth regulators used, 2, 4-D offered a maximum callus of 93.6 ± 0.48 % at 1.5 mg/L in leaf explants while stem explants showed 89.1 ± 0.74 %. While, a combination of the hormones however did not show significant results. The indirect regeneration was successfully achieved on MS medium containing BAP at 2 mg/L with multiple shoot regenerations frequency of 85.2 ± 0.58% and no responses were noticed in 2, 4-D, and NAA. The rhizogenesis was achieved for regenerated plantlets with a maximum root induction of 86.3 ± 0.54 % on MS medium supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.75 mg/L. Plantlets with well-developed shoots with roots were successfully hardened and acclimatized with an 85% survival rate. Therefore, the outcome of these results revealed that the leaf explant is highly efficient for both calli as well as regeneration in S. diphyllum. Since it is a medicinally important species; our results will be useful to isolate active metabolites by using callus cultures throughout the year.

Hollow Co-MOF-74 incorporated electrospun nanofiber membranes with hierarchical structures for enhanced removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by drain-type adsorption

Developing efficient adsorbents for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solutions is an attractive and significative task. Herein, we demonstrate a route to fabricate hollow Co-MOF-74 incorporated electrospun nanofiber membranes and combine it with a homemade filter device for drain-type adsorption to remove PAHs from aqueous solutions. The removal efficiency of the prepared H-NFMs were more than 80% (except B[ghi]p = 75%), and exhibited excellent reusability for multiple regeneration cycles. In addition, the introduced H-Co-MOF-74 material possessed a large surface area (633.6 m2 g−1) and hollow structure, which could supply more exposed adsorption active sites, accelerate mass transfer and shorten the adsorption equilibrium time. By loading H-Co-MOF-74 in nanofiber membranes, H-NFMs have high hydrophobicity, good mechanical and thermal stability, while the filters and membranes can be easily recycled separately after the adsorption is completed. This study not only proposed a simple and rapid adsorption method of an efficient sorbent material but also provided an ingenious separation and removal strategy for other pollutants in aqueous solutions.

SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF THE FUZZ PERFUME OF THE TYPHA BROAD-LEAF OF THE COBS (ТYPHA LATIFOLIA)

The higher aquatic plant cattails has a wide distribution area, grows almost all over the world and has a number of unique properties. One of these properties is the sorption properties of perianth the fuzz of cattail cobs. The high sorption capacity of the perianth the fuzz of the cattail cobs is difficult to explain from the standpoint of the small specific surface area of this material. The data obtained by the authors а presented on the characteristics of the perianth the fuzz of Typha latifolia cobs as a sorbent of oil and oil products. The oil capacity of VOPR reaches 35 g / g, the buoyancy in the unsaturated state exceeds 100 days, the sorption time is several seconds, the degree of oil recovery makes it possible to return at least 68% of the absorbed oil product. Investigations of the surface morphology of individual the fuzz of the perianth of the cobs of cattail, both native samples and samples after sorption of oil or hexane with subsequent removal of sorbates, а presented. The studies were carried out using the method of electron microscopy, which showed that when exposed to a solvent, the sorption surface increases due to the formation of additional surfaces that arise when the internal cavities are opened and individual the fuzz are separated into ribbons. The data obtained make it possible to explain the revealed possibility of multiple regeneration of this material used in emergency response.

Reducible, recyclable and reusable (3R) hydrogel electrolyte membrane based on Physical&Chemical Bi-networks and reversible sol-gel transition

Hydrogel electrolytes are attracting growing interest in the various fields, and tremendous efforts have been widely made for enhancing the hydrogel electrolyte of flexible devices. However, conventional hydrogel electrolytes generally contain non-degradable and non-renewable polymer matrix materials, inevitably causing waste of resources and environmental pollution, which fundamentally restricts the utilization of hydrogel electrolyte in the aspect of energy storage device during daily use. In this work, a novel flexible hydrogel electrolyte, that can be reducible, recyclable, and reusable (3R), is fabricated through physical and chemistry double crosslinking among carboxylated chitosan, N-methylol acrylamide, N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide, and potassium persulfate, followed by intense uptake of Li2SO4 electrolyte. The hydrogel electrolyte membrane displays high ionic conductivity of 3.52 × 10−2 S cm−1, and exhibits 348.92% electrolyte uptake., The flexible quasi-solid supercapacitor assembled with the hydrogel electrolyte shows remarkable electrochemical performance like high capacitance retention of 83% and outstanding energy density of 8.74 Wh kg−1. Interestingly, the renewable performance of hydrogel electrolyte membrane is observed when the hydrogel electrolyte membrane suffered from heating to cooling cycle, which allows to easily realize multiple regeneration of electrolyte membrane based on the reversible sol-gel transition. This work provides a promising route to design a hydrogel electrolyte membrane with infinite regeneration times for flexible energy storage devices in the future.