Multipath Quality Of Service Routing Protocol Research Articles

Trust Based Multipath QoS Routing Protocol for Mission-Critical Data Transmission in Tactical Ad-Hoc Networks.

In tactical ad-hoc networks, the importance of various tactical sensors and mission-critical data is increasing owing to their role in determining a tactical situation and ensuring the viability of soldiers. In particular, the reliability of mission-critical data has to be ensured for accurate situation determination and decision making. However, managing the network and trustworthiness in an environment where malicious nodes exist and a large amount of mission-critical data occur is a challenging issue. To solve these issues, a routing protocol is needed that can effectively detect malicious nodes and ensure the reliability and quality of service (QoS) of mission-critical data. In this paper, we propose a trust-based multipath QoS routing protocol (called MC_TQR) for tactical ad-hoc networks that can detect malicious nodes and satisfy the requirements of mission-critical data. The proposed scheme is verified using an OPNET simulator, and the results confirm the improved network performance when compared with existing schemes.

A route stability-based multipath QoS routing protocol in cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Secondary user (SU) mobility, primary user activity, and spectrum sensing inaccuracy are the main challenges to the stability of a quality of service (QoS) route in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). In this work, a new routing protocol for CRAHNs, referred to as the route stability based multipath QoS routing protocol (SMQRP), is proposed. The proposed protocol finds the optimal primary and alternative paths between an SU source and an SU destination and guarantees the use of the optimal primary and alternative channels along the paths. A proposed routing metric (SMQ) used for path and channel decisions is applied to the proposed protocol. The main idea is to use different routing metrics to select QoS paths with higher stability. The SMQRP was compared in this category with other routing protocols and was evaluated based on CRAHNs parameters. The results of the simulations show significant improvements with respect to the average end-to-end delay, packet drop probability, and throughput.

Reliable Node Based Multipath QoS Routing Protocol on Opportunistic Networks

Opportunistic networks are similar to the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that does not have fixed infrastructure, and the messages can be transmitted by nodes in a "store - carry - forward" approach. The mobile nodes randomly move, which result in a constantly changed network topology and frequently interrupted link. Thus, multipath routing has been proposed to improve the stability of link, extend path lifetime and reduce packet loss rate. The paper first analyzes the traditional multipath routing protocol and its path selection theory, and then investigates quality of service (QoS) metric to improve transmission efficiency of opportunistic networks, and finally proposes a reliable node based on multipath QoS routing protocol, named as RNMR. In RNMR, the stable path contains primary path and two backup paths. The primary path consists of reliable nodes and intermediate nodes, and the two backup paths are formed by two disjoint sub-paths selected from two adjacent and reliable nodes. By comparing with the backup source routing (BSR) protocol and greed-based routing (GBR-WB) protocol, the paper proves RNMR protocol has longer path lifetime, deliver rate and relay are also improved.

A Cross-Layer Delay-Aware Node Disjoint Multipath Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Future mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are expected to be based on all-IP architecture and be capable of carrying multitudinous real-time multimedia applications such as voice, video and data. It is very necessary for MANETs to have a reliable and efficient routing and quality of service (QoS) mechanism to support diverse applications which have variances and stringent requirements for delay, jitter, bandwidth, packet loss. Routing protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use shortest path with the minimum hop count as the main metric for path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time applications. To support such applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These Protocols makes path selection between source and destination based on the delay over the discovered links during routing discovery and routing table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint Multipath QoS Routing protocol called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDMAODV) based on delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing layers to achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest delay incurred at each intermediate node. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with single path AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of better packet delivery and reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.

A Multipath QoS Routing with Route Stability for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Multihop wireless networks have emerged recently as an evolution of wireless network technology and are likely to be the integral part of future communication environment. In this context, support for quality of service (QoS) is becoming an inherent necessity rather than an additional feature of the network. This paper presents a route stability-based multipath QoS routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks to support throughput and delay sensitive real-time applications in these networks. We incorporate a hop-by-hop admission control and a soft resource reservation scheme in a route discovery process to ensure QoS assurance to real-time applications. Further, a simple route stability model is utilized during both route discovery and maintenance phases for selecting QoS routes with higher stability. The reliability of the multiple QoS routes is improved through node disjointness and stability properties of the discovered routes. Following an effective QoS violation detection and route maintenance mechanism, the protocol reduces the frequency of route recovery leading to a significant reduction in QoS disruption. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed routing protocol can support higher level of QoS in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, maximum jitter, and overall network throughput.

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.

A Multi-Path QoS Routing Protocol in a Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one composed of a set of mobile hosts capable of communicating with each other without the assistance of base stations. This paper considers the QoS (quality-of-service) routing problem in a MANET, which is important for many real-time multimedia applications. We propose an on-demand protocol for searching for a multi-path QoS route from a source host to a destination host in a MANET, where a multi-path is a network with a source and a sink satisfying certain bandwidth requirement. Existing works all try to find a uni-path to the destination. The basic idea is to distribute a number of tickets from the source, which can be further partitioned into subtickets to search for a satisfactory multi-path. Through simulations, we justify that the value of our multi-path protocol is in its flexibility: (i) when the network bandwidth is very limited, it can offer a higher success rate to find a satisfactory QoS route than those protocols which try to find a uni-path, and (ii) when the network bandwidth is sufficient, it can perform almost the same as those protocols which try to find a uni-path (in both routing overhead and success rate).