Multimedia Transmission Research Articles

Research on adaptive prediction of multimedia data transmission path based on machine learning

Research on adaptive prediction of multimedia data transmission path based on machine learning

Design of a Secured Multimedia Transmission Scheme over Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

The evolution of wireless technologies has paved the way for the massively increasing availability of multimedia content in all forms from the Internet. Wireless networks consist of heterogeneous and overlapping coverages of multiple access technologies. The transmission of multimedia contents in the open wireless network system such as the Internet will always be vulnerable to security threats and possible adversary attacks. This paper deals with the analysis and design of a robust transmission security scheme capable of protecting the handshake of devices over heterogeneous wireless systems. It incorporates the features of both symmetric and asymmetric encryption schemes to ensure and guarantee a secured multimedia content transmission.

Network Models for the Transmission of Multimedia and Communication Information in an Information and Library Environment

Network Models for the Transmission of Multimedia and Communication Information in an Information and Library Environment

MANETs: How are they evolving to support multimedia communication?

This short paper discusses critical issues of multimedia over Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs) focusing on the Quality of Service (QoS) support for wireless multimedia transmission.

A novel Equilibrated scheduling algorithm for multimedia transmission in Internet of Multimedia Things

Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) has recently witnessed a rapid growth in the world of new technologies that provide numerous multimedia-based services. The primary objective of this work is to develop a novel equilibrated extension of the Deficit Weighted Round Robin (DWRR) scheduling algorithm entitled EDWRR. The proposed algorithm incorporates a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer solution for the purpose of improving the Quality of Service (QoS) of multimedia transmission in IoMT networks. The results highlight the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with regards to the reduction of the packet drop rate. Moreover, the proposed algorithm provides an efficient queue management by taking advantage of the unused memory space. In addition, through the attempt to tackle the problem of overloaded queues, the proposed algorithm is able to achieve better performance in comparison with the other scheduling algorithms in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end delay and throughput.

A Chaotic-Based Encryption/Decryption Framework for Secure Multimedia Communications.

Chaos-based encryption has shown an increasingly important and dominant role in modern multimedia cryptography compared with traditional algorithms. This work proposes novel chaotic-based multimedia encryption schemes utilizing 2D alteration models for high secure data transmission. A novel perturbation-based data encryption for both confusion and diffusion rounds is proposed. Our chaotification structure is hybrid, in which multiple maps are combined combines for media encryption. Blended chaotic maps are used to generate the control parameters for the permutation (shuffling) and diffusion (substitution) structures. The proposed schemes not only maintain great encryption quality reproduced by chaotic, but also possess other advantages, including key sensitivity and low residual clarity. Extensive security and differential analyses documented that the proposed schemes are efficient for secure multimedia transmission as well as the encrypted media possesses resistance to attacks. Additionally, statistical evaluations using well-known metrics for specific media types, show that proposed encryption schemes can acquire low residual intelligibility with excessive nice recovered statistics. Finally, the advantages of the proposed schemes have been highlighted by comparing it against different state-of-the-art algorithms from literature. The comparative performance results documented that our schemes are extra efficacious than their data-specific counterpart methods.

Ambient light noise filtering technique for multimedia high speed transmission system in MIMO-VLC

In this paper, we analyze the degradation of system performance due to the variation of ambient illumination in MIMO-VLC environment for high-speed multimedia transmission and propose an adaptive filter technique to solve this problem. Conventional PD-based visible light communication systems are not suitable for multimedia high-speed transmission. It is vulnerable to optical interference in the presence of a large number of LEDs, and it is difficult to implement MIMO. For large-capacity high-speed transmission, it is necessary to increase the transmission capacity. MIMO-VLC using m * m LED matrix and image sensor enables high-speed transmission through data parallel transmission. However, the received power is greatly influenced by the surrounding light source environment and the receiving distance. Illumination changes caused by non-scattered lights in the indoor environment, which deteriorates the performance of the system. In order to solve this problem, adaptive filter coefficients according to the ambient illuminance are applied to improve on / off recognition rate of LED matrix. By using this technique to adjust the filter values for image processing according to the step-by-step illumination, the multi-LED pixel can be accurately recognized and the MISO-VLC QoS can be maintained.

Design of a Web-based Personalized E-learning Platform

It is important to carry out the distant learning especially in the COVID-19 period when most of schools have to close down. Therefore, a Web-based personalized e-learning platform is presented to satisfy the requests of the middle school student. Firstly, the features of the learner’s needs for e-learning are analysed as the base of the platform. Secondly a novel architecture is proposed that describes the components necessary for the distribution of courses and knowledge in Internet. Thirdly the design of the platform is enabled by the real time collaboration system, multimedia transmission and knowledge repository to help the middle school student study in their own natural ways such as gaming and blogging with friends from interests. The experiment results show that the designed e-learning platform can improve the performance of network throughput and the learner’s satisfactory level.

Adaptive Bitrate Video Transmission Over Cognitive Radio Networks Using Cross Layer Routing Approach

Due to the recent developments in the wireless mesh and ad-hoc networks, multi-hop cognitive radio networks (MCRNs) have attained the significant attention towards providing the reliable multimedia communications. However, in reliable multimedia communications each multimedia application observed a very stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Moreover, in MCRNs, channel allocated to the multimedia secondary users (MSUs) can be re-occupied by the primary users (PUs) at any time which causes the end-to-end path discontinuity that severely affect the performance of the MCRNs. Therefore, under the dynamic channel availability, selecting an end-to-end path that is not only stable but also fulfills the QoS requirements of the real time and multimedia (RM) applications is a challenging task and still an open research problem. Hence, in this paper, we propose a cross-layer routing scheme that supports adaptive bit-rate multimedia (ABM) transmissions over MCRNs. Moreover, our path selection is based on the QoS-aware end-to-end path delay, and PU-activity aware end-to-end path stability metrices. Furthermore, to avoid the PU interference, continuity in transmission, efficient channel utilization, and supporting error resilience over time varying wireless channels our selected end-to-end path is periodically updated. Simulation study shows that the proposed scheme is more robust and suitable for supporting ABM over MCRNs.

Mechanism and policy of multimedia communications model and green low‐carbon development mechanism in coal industry with cloud Internet of Things

SummaryWith the rapid development of China's economy, the extensive mode of growth supported by coal has caused great damage to resources and the environment. Problems such as gas drainage, coal gangue dumping, water resources destruction, and surface subsidence during the coal mining process have directly led to severe damage to the environment in the mining area to ensure the survival and development of the coal industry, and to achieve sustainable development, we must actively promote the “optimized layout, intensive development, green mining, safe production, and clean use.” This paper proposes the multimedia communications model and green low‐carbon development mechanism in coal industry with cloud Internet of Things (IoT) to deal with this challenge. In a distributed computing scenario, the communication bandwidth between different nodes is very limited and heterogeneous, and some different computing nodes support a wide range of computing capabilities. Decentralized computing connects devices with computing power to the network, and the nodes communicate directly or indirectly will deal with this challenge effectively. The multimedia transmission is also applied to guarantee the visualized model. The experiment compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art methodologies has proven that the proposed model has the higher transmission efficiency and robustness.

Internet of Things for Noise Mapping in Smart Cities: State of the Art and Future Directions

Noise pollution has been an issue since ancient times. Recently, this problem has been exacerbated due to rapid population growth and urbanization. Noise mapping is a strategic action plan that visualizes the long-term and real-time noise pollution of our cities, industrial sites, and other regions of interest. This article first discusses the working principle of general model-based noise mapping and the lessons learned. Then, in-depth descriptions of the technical challenges and design issues of noise mapping using mobile crowdsensing and acoustic sensor networks are presented. Finally, we provide our insights for future research directions regarding artificial intelligence assisted noise prediction, constructive interference for multimedia transmission, and simultaneous noise sensing and sound energy harvesting as well as inaudible sound attacks and defense.

Tree-Based Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Effective Multicast Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network

Background: Multimedia transmission over wireless communication is gaining momentum with rapid use of mobile hand-held devices. Providing a QoS based routing solution is a major challenge, due to the transient and inaccurate state of Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Discovering optimal multicast routes is an NP-Problem and hence, QoS based routing is typically an optimization problem. Swarm Intelligence is a heuristic-based approach to find solutions to various complex problems using the principle of collective behaviour of natural agents. Objective: An ACO based approach for optimization of QoS based multicast routing algorithm for multimedia streaming applications is proposed. Proposed approach performed well in comparison to other state-of-the-art approaches with respect to path maintenance, packet delivery ratio, and end-toend delay. Methods: The multicast routing model is simulated as a tree structure, where the nodes represent stations and the edges represent the link between the stations. Results: Results show that proposed approach is much faster in convergence speed than the conventional AntNet. With the increasing size of the MANET environment, the convergence time of proposed approach is much better than AntNet. This is mainly due to the trace maintenance, treebased approach for path selection and implementation of local update and global update of the pheromone values. Conclusion: We can conclude that the proposed approach is a more effective algorithm for multiconstraints multicast routing.

Design and Implementation of 400 MHz Video Real-Time Transmission System Based on Self-Organizing Wireless Mesh Network

At present, the common wireless multimedia transmission systems are mainly based on mobile networks and wireless local area networks. Most of the devices work in the 2.4 GHz/5 GHz frequency band and have poor signal penetration capability, which is not suitable for complex environment applications. Meanwhile, Wireless mesh networks are characterized by self-organization, self-healing, multi-hop and so on. In this paper, we down-converted the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi signal, designed and implemented a wireless mesh network architecture broadband wireless multimedia transmission system based on the IEEE 802.11s protocol, which works at 400 MHz, the open band I. The system consists of a mobile central node station and 15 simple mobile stations to form a self-organized network, realizing independent wireless multimedia transmission in complex environment. According to results, its signal can diffract most objects in real scenes, such as 2-storey basement and 3-storey above ground buildings, which has high mobility, high reliability and meets complex wireless environment applications such as complex buildings, basements, jungles, etc.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Invariant packet feature with network conditions for efficient low rate attack detection in multimedia networks for improved QoS

The problem of low rate attack detection has been well studied in different situations. However the methods suffer to achieve higher performance in low rate attack detection. The multimedia transmission is focused on transmitting video and audio which claims higher bandwidth conditions. There exists no such algorithm in detecting low rate attacks for invariant network conditions. To solve this issue, an invariant feature based approach is presented in this paper. The method maintains the network features like the routes, bandwidth conditions and traffic. Based on these features, a set of routes has been identified for each data transmission. Here, low rate attack detection is performed at the reception of any packet and the data transmission is performed using cooperative routing. From the packet features, and the route being followed, the method identifies the class of route, traffic and bandwidth conditions of the route. Using these features, the method computes Network Transmission Support measure. Based on the NTS value, the method performs low rate attack detection and improves the performance.

Cross-Layer Energy-Efficient Multimedia Transmission using Hybrid Fuzzy GWO in MIMO-OFDM

Wireless communication multimedia applications are increasing day by day in traffic, security, agriculture and health care service sectors. Multimedia communication itself involves a complex process that consumes more power at transmitter and receiver. Our research evolves start to end layer design margin to reduce power consumption and increase multimedia data quality. In this we propose the MIMO-OFDM system with a hybrid fuzzy GWO technique to minimize consumed power. Cross-layer margins are optimized by Grey Wolf Optimizer with a fuzzy algorithm that analysed compression and communication techniques for wireless communication. This cross-layer design provides power reduction and energy-efficient multimedia data transmission in the MIMO-OFDM system. We use a fuzzy approach for the fast processing speed of GWO

A 3D Image Quality Assessment Method Based on Vector Information and SVD of Quaternion Matrix under Cloud Computing Environment

With the increasing demands of end-users to the visual perception in three-dimension (3D) image, quality assessment for 3D imageis dominantly required as the feedback information for multimedia transmission systems. In this paper, a novel full-reference quality assessment method by considering the depth and integral color information of 3D image under cloud computing environment is proposed. Based on the property of the depth information in 3D image, the depth map is firstly separated into different planes according to the perception of human visual system (HVS). Then, after express the image pixels of every separated plane through quaternions, the structural and energy information are separated by quaternion singular value decomposition (QSVD). The distortion of structural and energy in every plane are calculated in various formulas respectively. The final result is calculated in terms of the global score, which synthesizes the structural and energy distortion scores in every individual depth plane. It should be pointed out that the chrominance information is employed in our mechanism to evaluate the color image quality because of its useful characteristic for 3D color image quality assessment, and its spatial correlation is used for calculating structural distortion through vector cross-product. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed method has achieves better performance under cloud computing environments compared with other existing 3D image quality assessment methods.

Intelligent multicast routing for multimedia over cognitive radio networks: a probabilistic approach

Cognitive radio (CR) technology has been demonstrated as one of the key technologies that can provide the needed spectrum bands for supporting the emerging spectrum-hungry multimedia applications and services in next-generation wireless networks. Multicast routing technique plays a significant role in most of wireless networks that require multimedia data dissemination to a group of destinations through single-hop or multi-hop communication. Performing multimedia multicasting over CR networks can significantly improve the quality of multimedia transmissions by effectively exploiting the available spectrum, reducing network traffic and minimizing communication cost. An important challenge in this domain is how to perform a multi-cast transmissions over multiple hops in a dynamically varying CR environment while maintaining high-quality received video streaming to all multi-case CR receivers without affecting the performance of legacy primary radio networks (PRNs). In this paper, we investigate the problem of multicast multimedia streaming in multi-hop CR networks (CRNs). Specifically, we propose an intelligent multicast routing protocol for multi-hop ad hoc CRNs that can effectively support multimedia streaming. The proposed protocol consists of path selection and channel assignment phases for the different multi-cast receivers. It is based on the shortest path tree (SPT) that implements the expected transmission count metric (ETX). The channel selection is based on the ETX, which is a function of the probability of success (POS) over the different channels that depends on the channel-quality and availability. Simulation results verify the significant improvement achieved by the proposed protocol compared to other existing multicast routing protocols under different network conditions.

Homomorphic Encryption-Based Robust Reversible Watermarking for 3D Model

Robust reversible watermarking in an encrypted domain is a technique that preserves privacy and protects copyright for multimedia transmission in the cloud. In general, most models of buildings and medical organs are constructed by three-dimensional (3D) models. A 3D model shared through the internet can be easily modified by an unauthorized user, and in order to protect the security of 3D models, a robust reversible 3D models watermarking method based on homomorphic encryption is necessary. In the proposed method, a 3D model is divided into non-overlapping patches, and the vertex in each patch is encrypted by using the Paillier cryptosystem. On the cloud side, in order to utilize addition and multiplication homomorphism of the Paillier cryptosystem, three direction values of each patch are computed for constructing the corresponding histogram, which is shifted to embed watermark. For obtaining watermarking robustness, the robust interval is designed in the process of histogram shifting. The watermark can be extracted from the symmetrical direction histogram, and the original encrypted model can be restored by histogram shifting. Moreover, the process of watermark embedding and extraction are symmetric. Experimental results show that compared with the existing watermarking methods in encrypted 3D models, the quality of the decrypted model is improved. Moreover, the proposed method is robust to common attacks, such as translation, scaling, and Gaussian noise.

Multimedia Transmission through Mobile Ad hoc Networks using Multicasting

Mobile ad hoc networks, abbreviated to MANETs are covering various application fields with the significant advancements in wireless networks. In the recent past, the multimedia transmission over such networks has drawn the attention from researchers and scientists. In wireless medium, it is always advantageous to go for multicast routing than unicast routing. This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a multicast routing protocol, multicast ad hoc on-demand distance vector (MAODV), and its modified version QoS-MAODV, to support multimedia transmission over ad hoc environments.

A Novel Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hyperchaotic Maps and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences.

Multimedia encryption innovation is one of the primary ways of securely and privately guaranteeing the security of media transmission. There are many advantages when utilizing the attributes of chaos, for example, arbitrariness, consistency, ergodicity, and initial condition affectability, for any covert multimedia transmission. Additionally, many more benefits can be introduced with the exceptional space compliance, unique information, and processing capability of real mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA). In this article, color image encryption employs a confusion process based on a hybrid chaotic map, first to split each channel of color images into n-clusters; then to create global shuffling over the whole image; and finally, to apply intrapixel shuffling in each cluster, which results in very disordered pixels in the encrypted image. Then, it utilizes the rationale of human mitochondrial genome mtDNA to diffuse the previously confused pixel values. Hypothetical examination and trial results demonstrate that the anticipated scheme exhibits outstanding encryption, as well as successfully opposes chosen/known plain text, statistical, and differential attacks.