Multimedia Model Research Articles

Fate and transport of ten plant protection products of emerging concern in a coastal lagoon: Application and evaluation of a multimedia level III fugacity model

Multimedia fugacity models are effective tools for studying the environmental behaviour and occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and assessing associated risks, especially when experimental data is limited. These models describe processes controlling chemical partitioning, transport, and reactions in environmental media using mathematical statements based on the concept of fugacity.To aid in identifying and prioritizing CECs for future local monitoring, we present here the application of a level III multimedia fugacity model assuming non-equilibrium between compartments and steady-state conditions. This model estimated predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), persistence, distribution, and transport of ten plant protection products (PPPs) in the Venice Lagoon, a complex coastal environment under high anthropogenic pressure.The model was evaluated through uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo approach and by comparing PECs with PPP concentrations measured during four sampling campaigns. Results showed good agreement with field data, with the highest concentrations in water and sediments estimated for glyphosate, followed by imidacloprid, metaflumizone, and triallate. The model indicated accumulation of all investigated PPPs in sediments. For most chemicals, advection outflow and degradation in the water column were the main removal mechanisms, while volatilization was significant only for oxadiazon and triallate.Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis revealed that degradation rates, organic carbon/water partitioning coefficients (KOC), and parameters describing air-water interactions had the strongest influence on the model's results, followed by inputs accounting for sediment sinking and resuspension. The lack of data on PPP degradation in brackish waters accounted for most of the uncertainty in model results.This work shows how a relatively simple multimedia model can offer new insights into the environmental behaviour of PPPs in a complex transitional waterbody such as the Venice lagoon, providing useful data for the identification of the CECs to be prioritised in future local monitoring efforts.

Polychlorinated biphenyls in the surface and deep waters of the Southern Indian Ocean and Coastal Antarctica

Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) are industrial chemicals whose production was discontinued in the early nineties in most countries. Sill, PCBs are detectable in pristine and remote locations. Occurrence in regions such as Southern Oceans and Antarctica are influenced by the global, and regional, cycling. Here, we studied the surface and deep ocean distribution of indicator- and dioxin-like PCB congeners in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO), and the coast of Antarctica (COA) during the tenth Indian Southern Ocean Expedition (SOE-10), December 2017–February 2018. ∑21PCBs in SIO surface waters ranged from 3.8 to 167.1 pg L−1 (average ± standard deviation: 35.7 ± 48.4 pg L−1), and in COA from 1.0 to 41.8 pg L−1 (13.8 ± 12.7 pg L−1), respectively. A noticeable gradient was observed, with higher PCBs levels in northern latitudes than southern latitudes in the SIO, and higher levels in the eastern longitudes compared to western longitudes in the COA. Results suggest the influence of secondary sources, or re-emission, of PCBs in the Southern Oceans and Antarctica. Both regions showed notable PCB levels in surface and deep waters (up to 1000 m) due to ongoing surface sources and remineralization processes in deeper waters. Multimedia modeling with the global model (BETR-Global) suggests the SIO act as a net sink for PCBs in the ocean.

Enhancing adolescent hypertension prevention in Indonesia through interactive multimedia: Model development and validation.

Adolescent hypertension is emerging as a significant health challenge. Peer-led interventions utilizing engaging multimedia platforms have demonstrated the potential to enhance prevention behaviors among adolescents. However, there remains a gap in the literature comparing the effectiveness of multimedia intervention with traditional lecture-based approach in adolescent hypertension prevention in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to compare the traditional lecture-based approach and interactive multimedia intervention (e-module, animated videos, and infographics) on adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding adolescent hypertension prevention. A quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test control group study was conducted from June to December 2023 in two senior high schools in districts of Pedurungan and Kedungmundu, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. To prepare the multimedia model, the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) framework and mapping intervention approach were employed to ensure effective decision-making at each step. A total of 100 high school students were involved, with 50 assigned to the intervention group and 50 to the control group. The intervention group received a multimedia model from the peer educators, while the control group received a traditional PowerPoint-based presentation from the community healthcare workers. The hypertension prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed using validated questionnaires with 20, 15, and 15 items, respectively. This study found that, after model implementation, significant improvements were observed in students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hypertension prevention (all had p<0.001). Specifically, knowledge scores increased by 4.78 points, attitude scores by 10.64 points, and practice scores by 2.9 points. This study highlights that multimedia interventions could significantly improve hypertension prevention behaviors among adolescents by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices through engaging and interactive multimedia materials.

Microscopic behavior of heteroatom asphaltene in the multi-media model: The effect on heavy oil properties

The high viscosity and surface adsorption of heavy oil pose significant challenges for its exploration. Asphaltenes, the most polar and heaviest components of crude oil, play a crucial role in these properties. Heteroatom asphaltenes (A-X, S-Y) exhibit stronger interaction energy compared to non-heteroatom asphaltenes A-C. The self-assembly of A-X/S-Y forms ordered "reinforcement-cement" aggregates, whereas A-C aggregates are more chaotic. The presence of heteroatoms, particularly the sulfur atom in the side chains, may significantly influences asphaltene aggregation structures. The diffusion coefficient of heteroatom asphaltene in oil droplet is smaller than that of A-C, and these heteroatom compound can bind other oil components, reducing the overall fluidity. Notably, the adsorption energy of asphaltenes on solid surfaces exceeds their interaction energy. Surface aggregation of A-X/S-Y is more dispersed compared to A-C adsorption system. Additionally, the existence of heteroatom asphaltenes can shorten the distance between oil droplets and the solid surface by 16.20 Å compared with non-heteroatom system. These phenomena, caused by A-X/S-Y, further complicate the detachment of crude oil components from surfaces. This study aims to share some new insights into the micro-mechanisms of heteroatom asphaltenes self-assembly and the behavior in the oil-sludge process, which may contribute to the theoretical foundation for the targeted and efficient exploitation of heavy oil.

Використання засобів комп’ютерного моделювання з метою підвищення інтересу учнів до вивчення фізики

The article analyzes scientific research on the problem of the development of cognitive interest: the essence of the concept of "cognitive interest" is considered, the features of the formation of students' cognitive interest in physics classes are described. The directions of the introduction of information technologies into the educational process are characterized, which include the development and practical use of scientific and practical support, the high-quality and effective use of software, computer training and knowledge control systems, the systematic integration of these technologies into existing educational processes and organizational structures. It has been found that conducting experiments that are difficult or impossible to reproduce in a real experiment can be effectively implemented based on the use of multimedia models. Possibilities of using computer modeling during the study of physics are offered. It has been confirmed that the use of computer simulation elements is appropriate and justified during the study of educational material, for which conducting various kinds of educational physical experiments is limited. This is the study of the basic concepts of quantum physics. The peculiarities of the study of the "Quantum optics" section are described, in which special attention is paid to the study of the phenomenon of the photoeffect. Examples of interactive computer models are given, the use of which makes it possible to increase the interest of students in studying this material in physics, to stimulate the formation and development of cognitive activity and creative thinking, to form in students an idea of the phenomena of the microcosm, their regularities, and the modern physical picture of the world.

Batch equilibrium experiments and modeling reveal weak temperature dependence of cyclic volatile methylsiloxane sorption in soil/sediment organic carbon-water systems

The organic carbon normalized partition coefficient, KOC, describes the equilibrium distribution of a chemical between water and organic carbon in soil or sediment. It is a key parameter in evaluating chemical persistence, mass distribution, and transport using multimedia fate and transport models. Considerable uncertainty remains about the KOC values of cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) compounds, and in particular the dependence of KOC on temperature. In this study, we used a batch equilibrium (BE) method to measure KOC values and their temperature dependence between ∼5 and 25 °C for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) with soil and sediments. Approximate log KOC values at 25 °C were 4.5–5.0 for D4 and 5.5–6.1 for D5 with different sorbents, and decreased by 0.3 log units or less at 4–5 °C. Enthalpies of sorption, ΔHOC, obtained for the different sorbents ranged from +7.2 to +16 kJ mol−1, with average values of +7.9 and +13 kJ mol−1 for D4 and D5, respectively. These values differ in magnitude and direction from those reported elsewhere based on KOC values determined by a novel dynamic purge-and-trap (PnT) method, but are consistent with predictions based on their solvation properties. A new fugacity-based multimedia model incorporating sorption/desorption kinetics was developed and used to predict concentrations in the phases of BE and PnT systems during desorption of cVMS under different experimental and ideal conditions. Model simulations suggested that KOC values for cVMS compounds derived from the PnT systems could be influenced by sorption disequilibrium between water and solids controlled by desorption rates from the particle phase to water, and subsequent losses due to volatilization and degradation. This has the potential to result in overestimation of KOC values when fitting the experimental data of cVMS mass remaining in a PnT system over time, which could explain the observed differences between the methods.

Elaborasi Kreatif Multimedia Flip Book untuk Pengemasan Informasi, Promosi dan Edukasi pada Digital Library

The paradigm of the current global era, if viewed from the perspective of users, has been a change from the previous pattern where libraries only waited for users, so now libraries must be promoted to users (promote service to users). This research aims to obtain a new look regarding information packaging as well as promotion of Jambi University Library services using the creative Flip Book application through an elaboration process presented digitally online and offline. The creations carried out are combining images, writing with color and additional media so that it is more attractive to entrepreneurship-based readers. This research is Research &amp; Development in the field of multimedia development for promotion and information, with Flip Book Builder, using the ASSURE Multimedia Model ID. This research makes a contribution to the Jambi University Library service system through more attractive online promotional displays and higher quality content. This results in increasing user/community recognition of the Jambi University Library Unit which is also an effort to realize UNJA's vision as a World class Entrepreneurship University based on Agro-Industry and the Environment.So far, library packaging and promotion in digital form and online displays have not been available at the Jambi University Library Unit.

Numerical evaluation of mercury concentration by using a distributional multimedia model in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River Basin, Japan

A distributional multimedia model was developed and applied to the Lake Biwa-Yodo River Basin in Japan to reproduce the mercury level in different environmental media. This model was developed based on a Level III steady-state fugacity model, and the space was divided into four environmental media (atmosphere, water, soil, and sediment). The mass transfer of Hg in this model consists of emission, deposition, sedimentation inside one medium, and advection between different media. The dissolution rate and ion exchange equilibrium have also been considered. We estimated Hg emissions in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River Basin from 1957 to 2009 based on the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registry (PRTR) system and the domestic usage of Hg in Japan. The distribution of emission was based on land data, including industrial land area, industrial location, and proportion of the population. The calculated and observed Hg concentrations were compared to evaluate the model. At both large scale and small scale, results showed that the distributional model could predict Hg concentrations in all environmental media. Sediment and soil media showed the accumulation of Hg by showing the higher concentrations than that of other media. In terms of geographical distribution, the urban area and downstream of the river showed high Hg concentrations owing to high Hg emissions. The Hg concentration in the atmosphere was affected by the transboundary pollution. Thus, the distributional multimedia model could reliably calculate the environmental Hg concentration and be utilized in environmental monitoring and management.

Dynamic modeling of the occurrence, sources, and environmental behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Zhelin Bay, China

This study analyzed polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Zhelin Bay, China, investigating their occurrence, sources, and environmental behavior. PBDE congeners were detected in all sampled media. The Σ13PBDE concentrations in the dissolved phase ranged from 1.04 to 41.40 ng/L, while the concentrations ranged in suspended particulate matter from 0.02 to 12.56 ng/L. In sediments, PBDE concentrations ranged from 1.41 to 8.57 ng/g. The higher proportion of PBDEs in the dissolved phase in the bay than in the estuary is attributable to the type of PBDE products used in the aquacultural process in Zhelin Bay. Moreover, correlation analysis between PBDE concentrations and environmental parameters showed that the primary factor influencing PBDE concentrations in Zhelin Bay sediments may shift from riverine inputs to aquaculture. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization revealed that PBDEs in the water of Zhelin Bay primarily originated from the degradation of octa-BDE, deca-BDE, and penta-BDE products employed in aquaculture. In contrast, the PBDEs in Zhelin Bay sediments mainly originated from riverine inputs. In addition, a level IV dynamic fugacity-based multimedia model was used to simulate the temporal variation of PBDE concentrations in Zhelin Bay. Modeled short-term trends showed a relatively swift transport of PBDE congeners in the water column to the atmosphere and sediments. Over the long term, sediment concentrations gradually decreased, in contrast to the less rapid declines observed in the atmosphere and water. Furthermore, this study revealed that the transport and transformation processes of PBDEs in the Zhelin Bay environment were considerably influenced by the diffusion coefficient in water, the water-side mass transfer coefficient at the water–sediment interface, the sediment resuspension rate, and the organic carbon–water partition coefficient.

Multimedia fate simulation of mercury in a coastal urban area based on the fugacity/aquivalence method

Due to intensive industrial production and living activities, urban areas are the main anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission sources. After entering the environment through exhaust gases, wastewater or waste residues, Hg can migrate and transform among different environmental compartments in various species, such as elemental mercury (Hg0), divalent mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg). Studies have yet to report on the multimedia behaviors of Hg in urban areas due to the complexity of the processes involved. In this study, the atmospheric Hg emission in Dalian, a coastal city in Northeast China, was estimated by an anthropogenic emission inventory, and a Level III multimedia model was constructed based on the fugacity/aquivalence method to simulate the fate of Hg in air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation and film. The total annual atmospheric emission was 9.91 t, of which coal combustion and non-coal sources accounted for 70.1 % and 29.9 %, respectively. Atmospheric emission and advection were dominated by Hg0, and aquatic emission and advection were dominated by Hg2+. The migration of air–vegetation, vegetation–soil and soil–air were three important pathways of Hg in urban areas. The model was validated by collecting local soil and vegetation samples and regional air, seawater and sediment monitoring data. The scenario simulation indicated that the local load would decrease to different extents with a 21.0 % reduction in atmospheric Hg emission by implementing the “coal-to-gas” measures. Our developed model can characterize the fate of Hg in coastal urban areas and provide a reference for control strategies.

Predicting environmental concentrations of nanomaterials for exposure assessment - a review

There have been major advances in the science to predict the likely environmental concentrations of nanomaterials, which is a key component of exposure and subsequent risk assessment. Considerable progress has been since the first Material Flow Analyses (MFAs) in 2008, which were based on very limited information, to more refined current tools that take into account engineered nanoparticle (ENP) size distribution, form, dynamic release, and better-informed release factors. These MFAs provide input for all environmental fate models (EFMs), that generate estimates of particle flows and concentrations in various environmental compartments. While MFA models provide valuable information on the magnitude of ENP release, they do not account for fate processes, such as homo- and heteroaggregation, transformations, dissolution, or corona formation. EFMs account for these processes in differing degrees. EFMs can be divided into multimedia compartment models (e.g., atmosphere, waterbodies and their sediments, soils in various landuses), of which there are currently a handful with varying degrees of complexity and process representation, and spatially-resolved watershed models which focus on the water and sediment compartments. Multimedia models have particular applications for considering predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in particular regions, or for developing generic “fate factors” (i.e., overall persistence in a given compartment) for life-cycle assessment. Watershed models can track transport and eventual fate of emissions into a flowing river, from multiple sources along the waterway course, providing spatially and temporally resolved PECs. Both types of EFMs can be run with either continuous sources of emissions and environmental conditions, or with dynamic emissions (e.g., temporally varying for example as a new nanomaterial is introduced to the market, or with seasonal applications), to better understand the situations that may lead to peak PECs that are more likely to result in exceedance of a toxicological threshold. In addition, bioaccumulation models have been developed to predict the internal concentrations that may accumulate in exposed organisms, based on the PECs from EFMs. The main challenge for MFA and EFMs is a full validation against observed data. To date there have been no field studies that can provide the kind of dataset(s) needed for a true validation of the PECs. While EFMs have been evaluated against a few observations in a small number of locations, with results that indicate they are in the right order of magnitude, there is a great need for field data. Another major challenge is the input data for the MFAs, which depend on market data to estimate the production of ENPs. The current information has major gaps and large uncertainties. There is also a lack of robust analytical techniques for quantifying ENP properties in complex matrices; machine learning may be able to fill this gap. Nevertheless, there has been major progress in the tools for generating PECs. With the emergence of nano- and microplastics as a leading environmental concern, some EFMs have been adapted to these materials. However, caution is needed, since most nano- and microplastics are not engineered, therefore their characteristics are difficult to generalize, and there are new fate and transport processes to consider.

Dynamic multimedia approach for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

This study was performed to evaluate the variable indicators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) source apportionment by using an unsteady-state multimedia model. The identical indicators have been used in different environmental bulks for more than 20 years, which resulted in huge errors in source apportionment. Generated through four emission arrays, the diagnostic ratios for indicators revealed dimensionless OR, in air/soil and seawater/sediment reached ∼3.63 and ∼0.24 for Fla/Pyr, and for Ant/Phe the ratio was ∼0.31 and ∼0.18, and coastal OR for air/seawater was higher than the offshore, suggesting both compartmental and spatial divergences. The PCA indicated similar loading distribution and primary factors, shared by emission, atmosphere, and seawater arrays, whereas the slow transport between air/water and soil/sediment, weak degradation, and original concentration level might result in factors in soil and sediment separated or merged in dynamic conditions. The physicochemical divergence of indicators could be intensified after long-term environmental transport, misleading the source apportionment. Therefore, the result elucidated the essential evaluation of additional inorganic indicators and necessary verification by simultaneous sampling measurement on vertical compartments.

The Effectiveness of Multimedia Interactive Model on Pencak Silat Basic Motion Learning

Technology-based interactive learning models have become extensively utilised as educational tools. The presence of it creates a unique educational environment. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of interactive multimedia in enhancing the fundamental pencak silat motor skills of junior high school students in Palembang City. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design, specifically utilising a one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design. The research sample consisted of 80 junior high school students in Palembang City. The data was gathered by paperwork obtained from fundamental pencak silat movement assessments. The test data underwent normality testing using both the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data analysis technique employed a two-sample paired t-test to determine the average. The Independent Samples Test yielded a t-value of 3.085 and a p-value of 0.000 0.05, indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) can be rejected. Hence, it can be inferred that the interactive multimedia model positively impacts the enhancement of fundamental motor skills in junior high school pupils practicing pencak silat. The consequences of this research pertain to the necessity for physical education teachers in schools to possess innovative skills, specifically in using digital applications as educational tools.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and modeling of thiacloprid in paddy multimedia systems with the effect of wetting-drying cycles

The widespread presence of thiacloprid (THI), a neonicotinoid, raises concerns for human health and the aquatic environment due to its persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. The fate of THI in paddy multimedia systems is mainly governed by irrigation practices, but the potential impacts remain poorly documented. This study investigated the effects of water management practices on THI spatiotemporal dynamics in paddy multimedia systems by combining soil column experiments and a non-steady-state multimedia model. The results indicated the wetting-drying cycle (WDC) irrigation reduced THI occurrences in environmental phases (i.e., soil, interstitial water, and overlying water) and accelerated the THI loss through the THI aerobic degradation process. THI occurrences in the soil and water phases decreased from 18.8% for conventional flooding (CF) treatment to 9.2% for severe wetting-drying cycle (SW) treatment after 29 days, while the half-lives shortened from 11.1 days to 7.3 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the WDC decreased THI outflow from leakage water, which reduced the THI risk of leaching. There was no significant difference in THI plant uptake and volatilization between CF and WDC treatments. The mean proportions of THI fate in paddy multimedia systems followed the order: THI degradation (57.7%), outflow from leakage water (25.5%), occurrence in soil (12.4%), plant uptake (3.4%), occurrence in interstitial water (0.7%), occurrence in overlying water (0.3%), volatilization (<0.1%) after 29 days. The sensitivity analysis identified the soil organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC) as the most sensitive parameter affecting THI's fate. In addition, the topsoil layers of 0–4 cm were the main sink of THI, holding 67% of THI occurrence in the soil phase. The THI occurrence in interstitial water was distributed evenly throughout the soil profile. These findings made beneficial theoretical supplements and provided valuable empirical evidence for water management practices to reduce the THI ecological risk.

A level IV fugacity-based multimedia model based on steady-state particle/gas partitioning theory and its application to study the spatio-temporal trends of PBDEs in atmosphere of northeast China

Particle/gas (P/G) partitioning can significantly affect the environmental behavior of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we established a large-scale level IV fugacity-based multimedia model (the S-L4MF Model) based on the steady-state P/G partitioning theory. The spatial and temporal trends with the atmospheric contamination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in northeastern China under various climate conditions were simulated by the model. There is a reasonable agreement between the simulated and measured gaseous and particulate concentrations of 3 selected PBDE congeners (BDE-47, -99 and -209). For BDE-47, -99 and -209, 91.9 %, 94.8 % and 86.2 % of data points in the evaluation of the spatial trend, whereas 97.4 %, 98.2 % and 91.6 % of data points in the evaluation of the temporal trend, exhibit discrepancies between the modeled and measured data within 1 order of magnitude. The S-L4MF Model performed better than the other model with the same configuration but an equilibrium-state P/G partitioning assumption. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis indicated that the air temperature and hexadecane-air partition coefficient were the dominant influencing factors on atmospheric concentrations. In addition, the model was successfully applied to study the inter-annual and seasonal variations of gaseous and particulate concentrations of the three PBDEs during 1971–2020 in Harbin, a northeastern Chinese city. Finally, we illustrated the potential to use the model to understand P/G partitioning behavior and the effects of snow and ice on atmospheric concentrations. In summary, the S-L4MF Model provided a powerful and effective tool for studying the environmental behavior of atmospheric organic pollutants, especially in cold regions.

Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical Reaction Rate Coefficient and Total Environmental Lifetime of α-Endosulfan.

Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was globally distributed before it was banned and continues to cycle in the Earth system. The chemical kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of α-endosulfan with the hydroxyl radical (OH) was studied by means of pulsed vacuum UV flash photolysis and time-resolved resonance fluorescence (FP-RF) as a function of temperature in the range of 348-395 K and led to a second-order rate coefficient kOH = 5.8 × 10-11 exp(-1960K/T) cm3 s-1 with an uncertainty range of 7 × 10-12 exp(-1210K/T) to 4 × 10-10 exp(-2710K/T) cm3 s-1. This corresponds to an estimated photochemical atmospheric half-life in the range of 3-12 months, which is much longer than previously assumed (days to weeks). Comparing the atmospheric concentrations observed after the global ban of endosulfan with environmental multimedia model predictions, we find that photochemical degradation in the atmosphere is slower than the model-estimated biodegradation in soil or water and that the latter limits the total environmental lifetime of endosulfan. We conclude that the lifetimes typically assumed for soil and aquatic systems are likely underestimated and should be revisited, in particular, for temperate and warm climates.

Environmental assessment of lead with spatial gradient in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin of Japan: The development of distributional multimedia model

Environmental assessment of lead with spatial gradient in the Lake Biwa-Yodo River basin of Japan: The development of distributional multimedia model

Modification of interactive multimedia with the ARA MODEL: study of development of football learning models in pandemic times

Background and Study Aim. The learning process is very important in education. Learning is a process of educational interaction designed to make students learn actively and be able to change their behavior through learning experiences. Learning was done online during the Covid-19 epidemic. As a result, educators must think creatively in order for material delivered to be understood through using interactive learning medium. This study intends to create a product in the form of interactive football multimedia for use in football courses as part of the learning process, particularly during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Materials and Methods . This study uses the research and development method developed by Borg and Gall. Where the stages are divided into 3, namely: (1) Pre-development stage, at this stage, conduct a needs analysis through a survey of the level of product needs for users, then prepare instruments and consult experts. (2) The development stage, developing a product that starts with designing the initial product and compiling the "Football Interactive Multimedia" script. Where in this study, there was a phase I trial of 30 students and a group II trial of 60 Medan State University Sports Science students. Furthermore, small group trials, stage I improvement, big group trials, stage II improvement, and mass production will be carried out. (3) The evaluation stage, product implementation, and product diffusion as a learning media tool for students. Results. The results showed that learning using interactive multimedia on soccer material is very good, with a percentage of 80%. The results obtained are due to the completeness of the material presented and the clarity of the material's explanation. where 15% said good and only 5% answered no. The results also show that the assessment of the media aspect gets a score of 4.46 or is included in the percentage of 80%. The results also show that the assessment of the media aspect scored 4.46 or entered the Very Good category. Furthermore, the material aspect has a score of 4.07, or in the Good category, and the learning aspect has a score of 4.36, or in the Very Good category. Next, the overall average score is 4.28, or in the Very Good category. Conclusions. It can be concluded from the results that the development of interactive multimedia ARA MODEL in soccer lectures is very feasible. Using interactive soccer multimedia as a learning model during a pandemic can increase students' understanding of basic techniques in soccer games. Keywords: Interactive Media, Soccer, ARA MODEL, Learning Model

Temporal Trends of Legacy and Current-Use Halogenated Flame Retardants in Lake Ontario in Relation to Atmospheric Loadings, Sources, and Environmental Fate.

Since the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), large amounts of alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) have been introduced to the market. Due to their persistence and toxicity, halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have become a concern for the ecosystem and human health. However, there remains limited assessment of the atmospheric loadings, sources, and environmental fate of HFRs in Lake Ontario, which receives urban-related inputs and cumulative chemical inputs from the upstream Great Lakes from Canada and the United States. We combined long-term measurements with a modified multimedia model based on site-specific environmental parameters from Lake Ontario to understand the trends and fate of HFRs. All HFRs were detected in the air, precipitation, lake trout, and herring gull egg samples throughout the sampling periods. General decreasing trends were found for PBDEs, while the temporal trends for AHFRs were not clear. Physical-chemical properties and emissions significantly influence the levels, profiles, and trends. Using the probabilistic modeling, HFR concentrations in lake water and sediment were predicted to be close to the measurement, suggesting a good performance for the modified model. The loadings from tributaries and wastewater effluent were the primary input pathways. Transformations in the water and sedimentation were estimated to be the dominant output pathway for the three HFRs.

Credit and quality intelligent learning based multi-armed bandit scheme for unknown worker selection in multimedia MCS

The field of intelligent multimedia systems, which rely heavily on multimodal models trained on large amounts of high-quality data, has been revolutionized by the use of deep learning. One promising approach to collect such multimodal data is Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS). However, MCS platforms face a significant challenge in selecting both high-credit and high-quality workers at low cost due to the Post-Unknown Worker Recruitment (PUWR) problem. The PUWR problem makes it difficult to determine the credits and qualities of workers in advance, which can lead to the recruitment of dishonest or low-quality workers. This problem severely affects the quality and quantity of MCS data collection, posing a serious threat to the security and robustness of large-scale multimedia models. To address this issue, we propose a Credit and Quality Learning based Multi-Armed Bandit (CQL-MAB) scheme, which consists of a novel credit identification algorithm, a fine-grained worker quality calculation method, and a two-stage reward-based Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) for worker selection in reverse auction. The theoretical proof shows that the CQL-MAB scheme achieves the truthfulness, individual rationality, and efficiency of the auction mechanism. A large number of simulation experiments on real data traces are conducted to demonstrate the outstanding performance of CQL-MAB.