Multimedia Content Protection Research Articles

Watermarking and Encryption Technique to Avoid Data Leakage Based on Block Chain

Abstract: For end users to access various systems, services, and applications, multimedia data sharing is increasingly becoming an essential part of their daily lives. Cloud storage services in the real world frequently disclose data. In secure data transfer media, authenticity and copyright protection of multimedia content have always been a concern. As more people use the Internet and digital technologies, the issue has become more serious. Creating copyright protection, on the other hand, is more difficult and complicated. In proposed approach both Watermarking and Intermediary Re-encryption (PRE) approach used for productive mixed media content sharing. Watermarking is accustomed to concealing the data, for example, conceal privileged intel in computerized media like pictures. Data security is provided by encryption methods. In proposed work, secret key can be encoded utilizing encryption calculation with the assistance of key. The user's private key is then combined with the encrypted key information and can be embedded using LSB (Least Significant Bit) in the image or audio. The ECC Encryption algorithm can be used to encrypt an image or audio after secret information has been embedded. Finally, the embedded data verification process enables authorized users to extract the decryption key. When user information does not correspond with embedded information, illegal or unauthorized access can be identified. Furthermore, Block chain technology is used to safeguard these transaction details.

Security Analysis and Improvement of Dual Watermarking Framework for Multimedia Privacy Protection and Content Authentication

The demand for using multimedia network infrastructure for transmission grows with each passing day. Research scholars continue to develop new algorithms to strengthen the existing network security framework in order to ensure the privacy protection and content authentication of multimedia content and avoid causing huge economic losses. A new technology for multimedia image copyright protection and content authentication has been proposed. The innovations lie in the use of an inter-block coefficient difference algorithm to embed robust watermarking in the transform domain, and the same fragile watermark is embedded twice in the spatial domain so that any tiny tampering can be identified and located. A new encryption algorithm combined with Arnold transform is used to encrypt data before embedding. However, some security vulnerabilities were found, and successful cryptanalysis and attack were conducted. Subsequently, an improved scheme was proposed to improve the security and tamper detection ability of the original watermarking scheme and recover the tampered robust watermark. The results show that the improved scheme is safer and more reliable and shows good performance in tampering detection and the recovery robustness of the watermark.

Non-Linear Hopped Chaos Parameters-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Histogram Equalization.

Multimedia wireless communications have rapidly developed over the years. Accordingly, an increasing demand for more secured media transmission is required to protect multimedia contents. Image encryption schemes have been proposed over the years, but the most secure and reliable schemes are those based on chaotic maps, due to the intrinsic features in such kinds of multimedia contents regarding the pixels’ high correlation and data handling capabilities. The novel proposed encryption algorithm introduced in this article is based on a 3D hopping chaotic map instead of fixed chaotic logistic maps. The non-linearity behavior of the proposed algorithm, in terms of both position permutation and value transformation, results in a more secured encryption algorithm due to its non-convergence, non-periodicity, and sensitivity to the applied initial conditions. Several statistical and analytical tests such as entropy, correlation, key sensitivity, key space, peak signal-to-noise ratio, noise attacks, number of pixels changing rate (NPCR), unified average change intensity randomness (UACI), and others tests were applied to measure the strength of the proposed encryption scheme. The obtained results prove that the proposed scheme is very robust against different cryptography attacks compared to similar encryption schemes.

Hybrid Crypto Techniques for Secured Multimedia Big Data Content Protection System (SMBDCPS)

Most of the existing work does not ensure the optimal and secured storage maintenance of big data. This is resolved in the proposed research method name called secured multimedia big data content protection system (SMBDCPS). The proposed scheme has using AES and SHA-256 hybrid mechanism for securing the keys of encryption and decryption. This method has integrated the key value of AES and SHA-256 together to generate the new key value for increasing the security level. The main advantage of the proposed scheme has required only small storage which is computation efficient. The overall performance of the proposed scheme has carried out on MATLAB simulation environment over the medical health care datasets. The performance proves the proposed scheme has yield better results than the existing scheme.

Secure and robust color image dual watermarking based on LWT-DCT-SVD

Now days advancements in multimedia technology and Information and Communication technologies (ICTs) has raised various security related concerns. Digital image watermarking is one of the new and popular techniques for the protection of multimedia content. This paper proposes an approach for digital image watermarking in which Lifting wavelet transform (LWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) have been used. The host color image is decomposed using LWT and LH3, LL3 sub bands of the third level LWT are transformed by DCT and then SVD. Security of logo (image watermark) is enhanced by using message-digest (MD5) hash algorithm and then DCT-SVD are applied to it before embedding it into LH3 sub band. The robustness of Info (Text watermark) is increased by encoding it using Hamming error correcting code. Error correcting code increases the length of watermark therefore arithmetic coding is applied that provides lossless compression. Experimental results are computed for different color image models (RGB, YIQ, YCbCr) at different gain factors, size of text watermark, different types of cover image and for attacks. The proposed method has good performance for the imperceptibility of watermarked image and robustness of watermarks. The performance of this algorithm can be improved by using various optimization techniques.

МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ МЕТОД ВНЕДРЕНИЯ РОБАСТНОГО НЕВИДИМОГО ЦИФРОВОГО ВОДЯНОГО ЗНАКА В ВИДЕОДАННЫЕ

Introduction: one of the ways to protect multimedia information from unauthorized distribution is the introduction of digital watermarks in the video sequence. In this task, the most important parameter is the stability of the hidden message, which should remain retrievable after various impacts and operations with video data. At the same time, the method of implementing a hidden message should provide as little visual distortion of video data as possible. Purpose: to increase the robustness and secrecy of the method of introducing digital watermarks into the video sequence. Methods: a modification of the method of introducing digital watermarks into video data is proposed, which consists in supplementing the already known methods with new functions based on the fundamental differences between a video stream and a static photo. To solve this problem, it is proposed to apply a terminative approach, the essence of which is to determine the techniques and methods for ensuring the robustness of the marker in the form of threat terminators. Results: an overview of the use of various methods of introducing digital watermarks into graphic images is carried out. A typical information system is described, which uses meths to protect multimedia content from unauthorized distribution. The model of threats to the introduction of digital watermarks is considered. The general statement of the scientific task of developing a method for introducing a robust invisible digital watermark into video data and a description of the stages of the proposed method are presented. The analysis of existing methods and methods of increasing the robust" ness of digital watermarks is carried out in order to identify the necessary terminator techniques that allow leveling the described threats. The developed method is based on the integration of methods and techniques of threat terminators determined by the object of research. Discussion: determining the optimal values of the frequency domain range and the depth of embedding of the marker require further experimental studies.

Blockchain-Based Multimedia Content Protection: Review and Open Challenges

In this paper, we provide a holistic survey of multimedia content protection applications in which blockchain technology is being used. A taxonomy is developed to classify these applications with reference to the technical aspects of blockchain technology, content protection techniques, namely, encryption, digital rights management, digital watermarking and fingerprinting (or transaction tracking), and performance criteria. The study of the literature reveals that there is currently no complete and systematic taxonomy dedicated to blockchain-based copyright protection applications. Moreover, the number of successfully developed blockchain-based content protection systems is very low. This points towards a research gap. To fill this gap, we propose a taxonomy that integrates technical aspects and application knowledge and can guide the researchers towards the development of blockchain-based multimedia copyright protection systems. Furthermore, the paper discusses some technical challenges and outlines future research directions.

Robust Watermarking Technique for Sharing Family Photos on Social Media using Aadhar Number and DCT

The mind setup of persons has been changed in today’s environment due to the easily available of internet and smart phone on very low-price cost. Smart phone and internet are two main resources which are being used by persons most of the time in his/her daily routine specially in lockdown due to COVID-19. In this lockdown, persons are doing some creative activity, making fun, etc and recording all his/her this personal information in the form of multimedia contents like text, images, audio and video. This created multimedia content is shared by persons frequently on globe through internet in the daily routine life and some other persons are watching this daily routine activity and making huge business with these data by sometimes with original content or sometimes with modified content without concerns/information/permission of the originator. In this process if everything is going in right way then no issues but if something going wrong then require legal issues and for this, we need to protect our data legally through some methodology. So this paper proposed secure watermarking technique for protecting multimedia content like images using Aadhar number and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) technique. In this proposed methodology individual can share the information’s with watermarked information which is hidden in shared images and on demand at the time of legal issue originator will show the actuality and its ownership. This paper explained details concepts of the embedding and reverse of embedding ( i.e. extracting) process for authentication of the images and its protection from the misuse or fraud. The experimental result of the proposed methodology is shown on different family photos shared on globe and found robust results.

Cloud-Based Multimedia Content Protection System

We propose a new design for large-scale multimedia content protection systems. Our design leverages cloud infrastructures to provide cost efficiency, rapid deployment, scalability, and elasticity to accommodate varying workloads. The proposed system can be used to protect different multimedia content types, including videos, images, audio clips, songs, and music clips. The system can be deployed on private and/or public clouds. Our system has two novel components: (i) method to create signatures of videos, and (ii) distributed matching engine for multimedia objects. The signature method creates robust and representative signatures of videos that capture the depth signals in these videos and it is computationally efficient to compute and compare as well as it requires small storage. The distributed matching engine achieves high scalability and it is designed to support different multimedia objects. We implemented the proposed system and deployed it on two clouds: Amazon cloud and our private cloud. Our experiments with more than 11,000 videos and 1 million images show the high accuracy and scalability of the proposed system. In addition, we compared our system to the protection system used by YouTube and our results show that the YouTube protection system fails to detect most copies of videos, while our system detects more than 98% of them.

P-MEC: Polynomial Congruence-Based Multimedia Encryption Technique Over Cloud

In this multimedia era, the security of multimedia content over the Cloud becomes a crucial research area. There are several modes of communication available for transmitting the information over the Cloud from one place to another place around the globe. Such communication networks are open to all where anyone can access the data very easily. Therefore, the security of multimedia data over the Cloud becomes a major challenge. This study highlights better protection of multimedia content over Cloud in comparison to the existing approaches, where the information cannot be unwrapped in a reasonable time. The Strength of RSA, ElGamal, Diffie Hellman, and many more Cryptographic algorithms depend on the concept of congruence. As of now, the solution for linear and quadratic congruence had made its use limited, but this study had changed it by introducing the solution for Cubic and Polynomial congruence. The polynomial congruence concept has been used to encrypt the multimedia content. Based on the qualitative and quantitative experimental analysis, it can be concluded that the P-MEC model stands firm compared with the state-of-the-art models. The security analysis and experimental results display that the proposed scheme has strong robustness against statistical attack, vulnerability attack, and other comprehensive attacks.

Blind Image Watermarking in Canonical and Cepstrum Domains Based on 4-Connected t-o’clock Scrambling

Copyright protection of multimedia content is confronted with great challenges such as easy access to the Internet. Digital watermarking is widely applicable technique for copyright protection of multimedia contents. In this paper, a blind symmetric watermarking method in canonical and cepstrum domains based on four-connected t-o’clock scrambling is proposed. Initially, the watermark image is scrambled using the four-connected t-o’clock method to enhance the security. Then, the rotation operation is applied to the host image to extract the region where the watermark bits are embedded. After that, discrete linear canonical transform (DLCT) is applied to the extracted region to obtain the DLCT region. Cepstrum transform (CT) is performed on DLCT region to attain CT region. The CT region is then divided into non-overlapping blocks. The watermark bits are inserted into each block using max-heap and min-heap tree property. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method shows high robustness against numerous attacks. Moreover, it produces high quality watermarked images and provides high security. Furthermore, it has superior performance to recent methods in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and security.

Robust Image Hashing Based Efficient Authentication for Smart Industrial Environment

Due to large volume and high variability of editing tools, protecting multimedia contents, and ensuring their privacy and authenticity has become an increasingly important issue in cyber-physical security of industrial environments, especially industrial surveillance. The approaches authenticating images using their principle content emerge as popular authentication techniques in industrial video surveillance applications. But maintaining a good tradeoff between perceptual robustness and discriminations is the key research challenge in image hashing approaches. In this paper, a robust image hashing method is proposed for efficient authentication of keyframes extracted from surveillance video data. A novel feature extraction strategy is employed in the proposed image hashing approach for authentication by extracting two important features: the positions of rich and nonzero low edge blocks and the dominant discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the corresponding rich edge blocks, keeping the computational cost at minimum. Extensive experiments conducted from different perspectives suggest that the proposed approach provides a trustworthy and secure way of multimedia data transmission over surveillance networks. Further, the results vindicate the suitability of our proposal for real-time authentication and embedded security in smart industrial applications compared to state-of-the-art methods.

A new blockchain-based trusted DRM scheme for built-in content protection

With the development of Internet technology, transmitting, editing and misusing the digital multimedia bring great challenges in misusing detection for multimedia content protection. In this paper we proposed an artwork image digital rights management scheme for Internet misusing detection based on watermark and blockchain with robustness and high-level security. We embed artwork right information such as author, RightHolder, Date and Location information into the artwork image data. In the scheme, we use image Arnold transform to enhance the security and use image DCT coefficients of middle frequency to embed watermark for robustness. In the transparence of watermark, HVS and Watson models are used to control the watermark strength, which can enhance the invisibility. Once the suspicious image data from Internet are misused and spreading the image data on Internet without authorization, especially the high value artwork image data, we can trace the misuse responsibility by extracting the watermark. And according to the above algorithm, we implemented the scheme as DRMChain based on the consortium blockchain which stored the artwork and DRM information in an un-tampered ledger for decentralized rights confirmation. Large amount of experiments indicate the proposed watermark-based trusted blockchain DRM scheme is secure, robust, and for the protection and misuse detection of image data.

Protection of Multimedia Content in Cloud Based System

Protection of Multimedia Content in Cloud Based System

A new secure and robust watermarking technique based on logistic map and modification of DC coefficient

The proliferation of information and communication technology has made exchange of information easier than ever. Security and copyright protection of multimedia contents in such a scenario has become a major challenge for the research community round the globe. Digital watermarking has been found as an effective tool for protection and security of multimedia content. A secure and robust watermarking scheme based on DC coefficient modification in pixel domain and a modified logistic map is presented in this paper. The cover image is divided into $$8 \times 8$$ sub-blocks and instead of computing DC coefficient using discrete cosine transform (DCT), we compute DC coefficient of each block in spatial domain. Watermark bits are embedded by modifying DC coefficients of various blocks in spatial domain. The quantum of change to be brought in various pixels of a block for embedding watermark bit depends upon DC coefficient of respective blocks, nature of watermark bit (0 or 1) to be embedded and the adjustment factor. The security of embedded watermark has been taken care of by using chaotic encryption based on a generalized logistic map (GLM). We show that GLM has better properties like ergodicity, larger lyapunov exponent, uniform invariant density, mixing, higher range of bifurcation parameter etc., compared to basic logistic map. We exploit these properties of GLM for designing a secure robust, strong efficient cryptosystem to encrypt the watermark information before embedding it. Experimental investigations show that besides being highly secure the proposed technique is robust to both signal processing and geometric attacks. Further, the proposed scheme is computationally efficient as DC coefficient which holds the information is computed in pixel domain instead of using DCT on an image block.

Review on Semi-Fragile Watermarking Algorithms for Content Authentication of Digital Images

With the popularity of network and the continuous development of multimedia technology, saving of network bandwidth and copyright protection of multimedia content have gradually attracted people’s attention. The fragile watermark for integrity authentication of image data and protection of copyright has become a hotspot. In the storage and transmission process, image data must be compressed to save network bandwidth. As a result, semi-fragile watermarking techniques, which can be used to distinguish common image processing operations from malicious tampering, are emerging. In this paper, semi-fragile watermarking algorithms for image authentication are surveyed. The basic principles and characteristics about semi-fragile watermarking algorithms are introduced, and several kinds of attack behaviors are also included. Aiming at several typical image-authentication algorithms, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and evaluation indexes of various algorithms are compared. Finally, we analyze the key points and difficulties in the study on semi-fragile watermarking algorithms, and the direction about future development is prospected.

A new efficient lightweight and secure image cipher scheme

The protection of multimedia content has become a key area of research, since very often a user’s privacy and confidentiality can be at risk. Although a large number of image encryption algorithms have recently emerged, only a subset of these algorithms are suitable for real applications. These algorithms however use non-integer operations such as chaotic solutions that introduce a sizeable overhead in terms of latency and resources, in addition to floating-point hardware that is costly to implement. Designing an efficient, lightweight, and secure image encryption algorithm is still a hard challenge; yet, it is crucial to have in order to meet the demands of recent multimedia applications running on energy-limited devices. In this paper, an efficient image encryption scheme based on a dynamic structure is proposed. The structure of the proposed cipher consists of two different lightweight rounds (forward and backward chaining blocks) and a block permutation process. In addition, a key derivation function is proposed to produce a dynamic key based on a secret key and a nonce. This key, according to its configuration, can be changed for each validate time (session) or for each new input image. Then, based on this key, the cipher layers are produced, which are an integer or a binary diffusion matrix and a substitution table S-box, together with a permutation table P-box. The proposed dynamic cipher is designed to provide high robustness against contemporary powerful attacks, and permits reducing the required number of rounds for achieving the lightweight property. Experimental simulations demonstrate the efficiency and robustness levels of the proposed scheme.

Performance Evaluation of watermarking Schemes to Decide Meaningful Number of Shares

<p>With the growth in digital world, it is becoming more important to find a method to<br />protect the security of digital media. An image watermarking model based on visual secret<br />sharing (VSS) is proposed for protection of ownership. In the embedding phase, the<br />watermark is first divided by VSS into two parts, a hiding watermark and a secret watermark.<br />Then only the hiding watermark is embedded into the original image and the secret<br />watermark is reserved for watermark extracting by the owner. In the extracting phase, the<br />hiding watermark is extracted from the watermarked image first and then directly<br />superimposed on the secret watermark to recover the watermark information. Digital<br />watermarking has been proposed as a possible brick of such protection systems. However,<br />application of watermarking for multimedia content protection in realistic scenarios poses<br />several security issues.<br />A digital watermarking technique is used to generate meaningful shares. The secret image<br />shares are watermarked with different cover images and are transmitted. At the receiving side,<br />the cover images are extracted from the shares and stacked one by one which reveals the secret<br />image progressively. Digital watermarking using visual cryptography provides improved security<br />for encrypting secret images.</p>

Secure Multimedia Content Distribution for M2M Communication

Multimedia content distribution based on M2M communication is attracting increasing attentions nowadays. Considering that multimedia will be widely used in various applications over M2M network, the wide range of multimedia content and M2M devices has raised new security requirements for multimedia communication. In this paper, we focus on an aspect of DRM that involves secure multimedia distribution which combines multimedia encryption, copy detection, and digital fingerprinting to prevent widespread piracy. Multimedia encryption is used to encrypt multimedia content firstly before distribution, then, Copy detection is used to verify whether a protected multimedia content is a redistributed copy of its or no, At last, digital fingerprinting is introduced to protect multimedia content further. In this paper, we first use using encryption, fingerprinting and copy detection for secure distribution in M2M communication environments. The secure effect of the proposed scheme has been verified through theory analysis and experimental results.

English

Multimedia contents such as images, videos, audio, and texts are easy to available for download through internet in worldwide. Duplication of multimedia contents is to create using different software. This type of operation some time created problem of copyright and ownership authentication. Digital watermarking techniques are usedto protect multimedia contents. This paper gives various watermarking techniques in transform domain and sparse domain for protection and authentication of multimedia contents.