Multifunctional Nanoplatform Research Articles

Naphthalene Diimide-Based Polycyclic Conjugated Molecule Composite CoFe2O4 Nanohybrids for Photoacoustic Imaging-Mediated Photo-/Sonic Therapy.

The complex and harsh tumor microenvironment imped the efficacy of single-modality tumor therapy. With the advantages of biosafety, organic/inorganic nanohybrids have attracted more and more interest of researchers, and it is critical to investigate the development of highly efficient nanohybrids for multimodality combination therapy of cancers. Herein, a naphthalene diimide-based polycyclic conjugated molecule (NDI-S) is designed and synthesized, which has broader light absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region, outstanding photothermal conversion ability, and excellent photostability. Inorganic CoFe2O4 is synthesized via a solvothermal technique, which can produce much more reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a sonosensitizer when activated by ultrasonic (US). NDI-S and CoFe2O4 are then nanoprecipitated to create the organic/inorganic nanohybrids, NDI-S@CoFe2O4. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, NDI-S@CoFe2O4 can serve as a multifunctional nanoplatform for multimodal treatment of tumors in combination with photothermal/photodynamic/sonodynamic- therapy under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging, which provides a new vision of the development of organic/inorganic nanohybrids for cancer theranostics.

Recent Progress and Challenges in Graphene Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Recent Progress and Challenges in Graphene Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

A magnetic-guided nano-antibacterial platform for alternating magnetic field controlled vancomycin release in staphylococcus aureus biofilm eradication.

Bacterial resilience within biofilms, rendering them up to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotic drugs, poses a formidable challenge. This study introduces a targeted biofilm eradication strategy, termed "target-penetration-killing-eradication", implemented through magnetic micro-robotic technology. Specifically, we present the development of a magnetic-guided nano-antibacterial platform designed for alternating magnetic field (AMF) controlled vancomycin release in the eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. To address the issue of premature vancomycin release in physiological conditions, we employed a temperature-sensitive linking agent, 4,4'-azobis(4-cyano valeric acid), facilitating the conjugation of vancomycin onto Fe3O4/CS nanocomposites, resulting in the novel construct Fe3O4@CS-ACVA-VH. The release mechanism adheres to first-order kinetics and Fickian diffusion, with each 10-min AMF treatment releasing approximately 8.4 ± 1.1% of vancomycin. The potency of vancomycin in the release solution was similar to that of the original drug (MIC: 7.4 ± 3.5 vs. 5.6μg/mL). Fe3O4@CS-ACVA-VH exhibited sustained antibacterial efficacy, inhibiting bacterial growth for four consecutive days and preventing the formation of bacterial biofilms on its surface. Contact-inhibition bacterial activity of Fe3O4@CS-ACVA-VH against S. aureus was 0.046875mg/mL. Conceptually validating our approach, we emphasize Fe3O4@CS-ACVA-VH's exceptional ability to penetrate S. aureus biofilms under static magnetic field attraction. Furthermore, the nano-platform offers the unique advantage of on-demand vancomycin release through alternating magnetic field stimulation, effectively clearing a larger biofilm area. This multifunctional nano-platform demonstrates magnetic-guided biofilm penetration followed by controlled vancomycin release, presenting a promising strategy for enhanced biofilm eradication.

RGD-modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles as a drug carrier for MR imaging and targeted drug delivery in myocardial infarction.

Aim: A multifunctional nanoplatform has been developed to enhance the targeting capability and biosafety of drug/siRNA for better diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI).Materials & methods: The nanoplatform's chemical properties, biodistribution, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities, therapeutic effects and biocompatibility were investigated.Results: The nanoplatform exhibited MI-targeting properties and pH-sensitivity, allowing for effective cardiac MRI and delivery of drugs to the infarcted myocardium. The GCD/Qt@ZIF-RGD demonstrated potential as a reliable MRI probe for MI diagnosis. Moreover, the GCD/si-SHP1/Qt@ZIF-RGD effectively suppressed SHP-1 expression, increased pro-angiogenesis gene expression and reduced cell apoptosis in HUVECs exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation.Conclusion: Our newly developed multifunctional drug delivery system shows promise as a nanoplatform for both the diagnosis and treatment of MI.

A Copper Silicate-Based Multifunctional Nanoplatform with Glutathione Depletion and Hypoxia Relief for Synergistic Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) alone cannot achieve sufficient therapeutic effects due to the excessive glutathione (GSH) and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Developing a novel strategy to improve efficiency is urgently needed. Herein, we prepared a copper silicate nanoplatform (CSNP) derived from colloidal silica. The Cu(II) in CSNP can be reduced to Cu(I), which cascades to induce a subsequent CDT process. Additionally, benefiting from GSH depletion and oxygen (O2) generation under 660 nm laser irradiation, CSNP exhibits both Fenton-like and hypoxia-alleviating activities, contributing to the effective generation of superoxide anion radical (•O2-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the TME. Furthermore, given the suitable band-gap characteristic and excellent photochemical properties, CSNP can also serve as an efficient type-I photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The synergistic CDT/PDT activity of CSNP presents an efficient antitumor effect and biosecurity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The development of an all-in-one nanoplatform that integrates Fenton-like and photosensing properties could improve ROS production within tumors. This study highlights the potential of silicate nanomaterials in cancer treatment.

A Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based All-in-One Nanoplatform for Self-Reinforcing Mild Photothermal Therapy Cascade Immunotherapy for Tumors.

Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted attention for effectively avoiding the severe side effects associated with high-temperature tumor ablation. However, its progress is hindered by the limited availability of high-performance photothermal agents (PTAs) and the thermoresistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock reactions. Herein, this work proposes a new strategy to expand the library of high-performance organic small-molecule PTAs and utilize it to construct a multifunctional nano-theranostic platform. By incorporating additional acceptors and appropriate π-bridges, a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based dye BDB is developed, which exhibits strong absorption and bright fluorescence emission in the near-infrared (NIR)region. Subsequently, BDB is co-coated with the heat shock protein (HSP) inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG) using the functional amphiphilic polymers DSPE-Hyd-PEG2000-cRGD to form an all-in-one nanoplatform BAG NPs. As a result, BAG NPs can precisely target tumor tissue, guide the treatment process in real-time through NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging, and release 17-AAG on demand to enhance mild PTT. Additionally, the mild PTThas been demonstrated to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activate a systemic anti-tumor immune response, thereby suppressing both primary and distant tumors. Overall, this study presents a multifunctional nanoplatform designed for precise mild PTT combined with immunotherapy for effective tumor treatment.

Apt-Conjugated PDMS-ZnO/Ag-Based Multifunctional Integrated Superhydrophobic Biosensor with High SERS Activity and Photocatalytic Sterilization Performance.

Sensitive detection and efficient inactivation of pathogenic bacteria are crucial for halting the spread and reproduction of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Herein, a novel Apt-modified PDMS-ZnO/Ag multifunctional biosensor has been developed for high-sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection along with photocatalytic sterilization towards Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The distribution of the electric field in PDMS-ZnO/Ag with different Ag sputtering times was analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. Due to the combined effect of electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement, PDMS-ZnO/Ag exhibited outstanding SERS sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) for 4-MBA on the optimal SERS substrate (PZA-40) could be as little as 10-9 M. After PZA-40 was modified with the aptamer, the LOD of the PZA-40-Apt biosensor for detecting S. typhimurium was only 10 cfu/mL. Additionally, the PZA-40-Apt biosensor could effectively inactivate S. typhimurium under visible light irradiation within 10 min, with a bacterial lethality rate (Lb) of up to 97%. In particular, the PZA-40-Apt biosensor could identify S. typhimurium in food samples in addition to having minimal cytotoxicity and powerful biocompatibility. This work provides a multifunctional nanoplatform with broad prospects for selective SERS detection and photocatalytic sterilization of pathogenic bacteria.

Construction of multifunctional core-shell structure nanoprobe integrating NIR dual-mode optical thermometer and nuclear magnetic imaging

Precise temperature regulation and imaging are critical for in vivo photothermal treatment. The goal of this work is to realize non-contact temperature measurement and imaging in biological tissues by building a multifunctional nano-platform using optical temperature probes and imaging for biological diagnosis and therapy. Here, NIR dual-mode temperature probes of NaYF4: Nd/Yb/Gd@NaNdF4 were designed according to the LIR-I of 4F3/2 → 4I9/2/2F5/2 → 2F7/2 levels in 850 – 1025 nm and LIR-II of 2F5/2 → 2F7/2/4F3/2 → 4I11/2 in 950 – 1100 nm from the emissions of Nd3+/Yb3+. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the sample demonstrate its superior dispersibility and accurate structure. The integrated intensity ratio centered around various luminescence intensity peaks is used as a temperature sensor since luminescence intensity is temperature-dependent. Additionally, the temperature sensing capabilities of two ratio temperature sensors were examined under 808 nm laser excitation, utilizing LIR (luminescence intensity ratio) technology. Furthermore, the MRI test indicated that the sample exhibited good imaging capacity when Gd3+ was added. These results assure the auspicious application prospects of the samples in temperature sensing, photothermal therapy, and biomedical imaging.

Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Excitotoxicity by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biomimetic Co-Delivery System for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Treatment.

A cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is ensued by an intricate interplay between various pathological processes including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. For a long time, drug intervention policies targeting a single signaling pathway have failed to achieve the anticipated clinical efficacy in the intricate and dynamic inflammatory environment of the brain. Moreover, inadequate targeted drug delivery remains a significant challenge in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy. In this study, a multifunctional nanoplatform (designated as PB-006@MSC) is developed using ZL006-loaded Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) camouflaged by a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) membrane (MSCm). ZL006 is a neuroprotectant. It can be loaded efficiently into the free radical scavenger PBNP through mesoporous adsorption. This can simultaneously modulate multiple targets and pathways. MSCm biomimetics can reduce the nanoparticle immunogenicity, efficiently enhance their homing capability to the cerebral ischemic penumbra, and realize active-targeting therapy for ischemic stroke. In animal experiments, PB-006@MSC integrated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and neuroprotection. Thereby, it selectively targeted the cerebral ischemic penumbra (about fourfold higher accumulation at 24h than in the non-targeted group), demonstrated a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in reducing the volume of cerebral infarction (from 37.1% to 2.3%), protected the neurogenic functions, and ameliorated the mortality.

Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles for Calcium Overload in situ Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Oncotherapy.

Challenges such as poor drug selectivity, non-target reactivity, and the development of drug resistance continue to pose significant obstacles in the clinical application of cancer therapeutic drugs. To overcome the limitations of drug resistance in chemotherapy, a viable treatment strategy involves designing multifunctional nano-platforms that exploit the unique physicochemical properties of tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, layer-by-layer nanoparticles with polyporous CuS as delivery vehicles, loaded with a sonosensitizer (tetra-(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin, TAPP) and sequentially functionalized with pH-responsive CaCO3, targeting group hyaluronic acid (HA) were designed and synthesized for synergistic treatment involving chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and calcium overload. Upon cleavage in an acidic environment, CaCO3 nanoparticles released TAPP and Ca2+, with TAPP generating 1O2 under ultrasound trigger. Exposed CuS produced highly cytotoxic ·OH in response to H2O2 and also exhibited a strong PTT effect. CuS@TAPP-CaCO3/HA (CTCH) delivered an enhanced ability to release more Ca2+ under acidic conditions with a pH value of 6.5, which in situ causes damage to HeLa mitochondria. In vitro and in vivo experiments both demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction greatly amplified the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to tumor, which strongly confirms the synergistic effect between calcium overload and reactive oxygen therapy. Collectively, the development of CTCH presents a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment by effectively responding to the acidic TME, thus holding significant clinical implications.

Designing Mesoporous Prussian Blue@zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles with Hierarchical Pores for Varisized Guest Delivery and Photothermally-Augmented Chemo-Starvation Therapy.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, constructing a multifunctional nanoplatform that can deliver various therapeutic agents in different departments and respond to endogenous/exogenous stimuli for multimodal synergistic cancer therapy remains a major challenge to address the inherent limitations of chemotherapy. Herein, we synthesized hollow mesoporous Prussian Blue@zinc phosphate nanoparticles to load glucose oxidase (GOx) and DOX (designed as HMPB-GOx@ZnP-DOX NPs) in the non-identical pore structures of their HMPB core and ZnP shell, respectively, for photothermally augmented chemo-starvation therapy. The ZnP shell coated on the HMPB core, in addition to providing space to load DOX for chemotherapy, could also serve as a gatekeeper to protect GOx from premature leakage and inactivation before reaching the tumor site because of its degradation characteristics under mild acidic conditions. Moreover, the loaded GOx can initiate starvation therapy by catalyzing glucose oxidation while causing an upgradation of acidity and H2O2 levels, which can also be used as forceful endogenous stimuli to trigger smart delivery systems for therapeutic applications. The decrease in pH can improve the pH-sensitivity of drug release, and O2 can be supplied by decomposing H2O2 through the catalase-like activity of HMPBs, which is beneficial for relieving the adverse conditions of anti-tumor activity. In addition, the inner HMPB also acts as a photothermal agent for photothermal therapy and the generated hyperthermia upon laser irradiation can serve as an external stimulus to further promote drug release and enzymatic activities of GOx, thereby enabling a synergetic photothermally enhanced chemo-starvation therapy effect. Importantly, these results indicate that HMPB-GOx@ZnP-DOX NPs can effectively inhibit tumor growth by 80.31% and exhibit no obvious systemic toxicity in mice. HMPB-GOx@ZnP-DOX NPs can be employed as potential theranostic agents that incorporate multiple therapeutic modes to efficiently inhibit tumors.

Design of multifunctional theranostic nanoplatforms with glutathione-triggered H2S generation and H2S-activitated multi-modal therapy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a specific substance in the tumor microenvironment, and highly expressed H2S can be used to activate some agents for intelligent treatment of tumors. However, not all tumors contain overexpressed hydrogen sulfide. To address this obstacle, we report the design of theranostic nanoplatforms with glutathione-triggered H2S generation and H2S-triggered therapy activation functions, by using hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMON) to load Cu-HMME framework nanodots (CuHF) and garlic extract diallyl trisulfide (DATS). Such CuHF/DATS@HMON with sizes of about 110 nm exhibit obvious quenching fluorescence and is inactive. Importantly, when CuHF/DATS@HMON is mixed with glutathione (GSH) solution, the nucleophilic attack of GSH on trisulfide bonds (−S-S-S-) in DATS generates S-allyl glutathione disulfide (GSSA) and allyl perthiol (ASSH), with the latter releasing H2S upon reduction by GSH, conferring the overexpress of H2S as the first-cascade activation. Furthermore, endogenous H2S can react with CuHF to produce CuS nanoparticles with strong chemodynamic/photothermal effect and to release metal porphyrin ((Cu)HMME) with photodynamic effect, as the second-cascade activation. When CuHF/DATS@HMON is accumulated at the tumor site through EPR effect, DATS in the CuHF/DATS@HMON can react with endogenous glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells to in situ generate H2S, and then H2S can vulcanize CuHF to generate CuS nanoparticles and (Cu)HMME complexes, thus realizing chemokinetic, photodynamic and photothermal multi-mode therapy to inhibit tumor growth. At the same time, the tetrasulfide bonds (−S-S-S-S-) in HMON allow the material to be slowly broken down and metabolized. Therefore, this study not only provides a general design for constructing tumor-microenvironment-responsive agents, but also provides some insights for multi-modal therapy of cancers.

Hyaluronic acid-based multifunctional nanoplatform for glucose deprivation-enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal synergistic cancer therapy

We present a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoplatform (CMGH) integrating starvation therapy (ST), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) for targeted cancer treatment. CMGH fabrication involved the encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) within a copper-based metal-organic framework (CM) followed by surface modification with HA. CMGH exerts its antitumor effects by catalyzing glucose depletion at tumor sites, leading to tumor cell starvation and the concomitant generation of glucuronic acid and H2O2. The decreased pH and elevated H2O2 promote the Fenton-like reaction of Cu ions, leading to hydroxyl radical production. HA modification enables targeted accumulation of CMGH at tumor sites via the CD44 receptor. Under near-infrared light irradiation, CM exhibits photothermal conversion capability, enhancing the antitumor effects of CMGH. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the effective inhibition of tumor growth by CMGH. This study highlights the potential of CMGH as a targeted cancer therapeutic platform.

A multifunctional nanoplatform for chemotherapy and nanocatalytic synergistic cancer therapy achieved by amplified lipid peroxidation

Traditional cancer chemotherapy suffers from low efficacy and severe side effects, limiting its use as a first-line treatment. To address this issue, we investigated a novel way to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO), which plays an essential role in ferroptosis and may be useful against cancer cells and tumors. In this study, a pH-responsive synergistic cancer therapy nanoplatform was prepared using CaCO3 co-loaded with oleanolic acid (OA) and lipoxygenase (LOX), resulting in the formation OLCaP NP. This nanoplatform exhibited good drug release properties in an acidic tumor environment owing to the presence of CaCO3. As a result of acidic stimulation at tumor sites, the OLCaP NP released OA and LOX. OA, a chemotherapeutic drug with anticancer activity, is already known to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, and LOX is a natural enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxides and promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells. More importantly, OA upregulated the expression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), which promoted enzyme-mediated LPO. Based on our combined chemotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy, the OLCaP NP not only had remarkable antitumor ability but also upregulated ACSL4 expression, allowing further amplification of LPO to inhibit tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of this nanoplatform to enhance the therapeutic efficacy against tumors by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting lipid metabolism, highlighting its clinical potential for improved cancer treatment. Statement of significanceThis study presents a novel nanoplatform that combines oleanolic acid (OA), a chemotherapeutic drug, and lipoxygenase (LOX), which oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to trigger apoptosis, for targeted cancer therapy. Unlike traditional treatments, our nanoplatform exhibits pH-responsive drug release, specifically in acidic tumor environments. This innovation enhances the therapeutic effects of OA and LOX, upregulating acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 expression and amplifying lipid peroxidation to promote tumor cell apoptosis. Our findings significantly advance the existing literature by demonstrating a synergistic approach that combines chemotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy. The scientific impact of this work lies in its potential to improve cancer treatment efficacy and specificity, offering a promising strategy for clinical applications and future research in cancer therapy.

Manganese-enriched prussian blue nanohybrids with smaller electrode potential and lower charge transfer resistance to enhance combination therapy

Prussian blue (PB) is authenticated in clinical treatment, while it generally exhibits unfavorable chemodynamic therapy (CDT) performance. Herein, we developed manganese-doped prussian blue (PBM) nanoparticles to significantly enhance both CDT and photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. The lower redox potential of Mn3+/2+ (0.088 V) in PBM against that of Fe2+/3+ (0.192 V) in PB leads to favorable electron transfer of PBM with respect to PB. Besides, PBM has a lower charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of 2.98 Ω than 4.83 Ω of PB. Once PBM entering the tumor microenvironment (TME), Mn3+ may be readily reduced by glutathione (GSH) and therein to enhance intracellular oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of PBM facilitates the conversion of endogenous superoxide (O2•−) into H2O2. Mn2+ subsequently catalyzes H2O2 to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Notably, the PBM plus laser irradiation can effectively trigger a robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) due to the combination therapy of CDT and PTT. Additionally, the mice treated by PBM followed by laser irradiation efficiently avoided splenomegaly and lung metastasis, along with significant up-regulation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) expression. Overall, PBM significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, making it a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer treatment.

Harnessing Metal Nanoparticles: Revolutionizing Cancer Therapy Through Targeted Drug Delivery and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation

Cancer remains a significant global health burden, claiming countless lives annually and incurring substantial direct and indirect economic costs. Despite advancements in therapeutic modalities, conventional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, are often hampered by limitations such as insufficient efficacy, dose-dependent side effects, high costs and patient tolerability. This has spurred extensive research into novel therapeutic approaches for this life-threatening disease. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising tools in cancer therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties spanning the past two decades. Owing to their size similarity to biological molecules, MNPs possess the inherent ability to penetrate cellular barriers, making them ideal carriers for targeted drug delivery. These multifunctional nanoplatforms offer distinct advantages over conventional therapeutics by enabling targeted delivery of anticancer agents to specific tumor sites, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic side effects. Photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy represent particularly promising strategies that leverage MNPs for cancer treatment. This review delves into the potential applications of MNPs in modulating the tumor microenvironment, paving the way for the exploration of this vast and rapidly evolving field of nanomedicine.

Self-assembled multifunctional Prussian blue analogues nanocomposite for MRI-guided multimodal therapy for breast cancer

Integration of multimodal imaging and therapies into one nanoplatform holds great promise to overcome the drawbacks of conventional single-modal cancer therapy. Designing multifunctional nanocomposite by self-assembled strategy with integration of various functional components into one platform is promising for effective breast cancer therapy. Herein, a L-arginine embedded Prussian blue analogue@polypyrrole@manganese oxide (PBA@PPy@MnO2) multifunctional nanocomposite was constructed by a facile self-assembled method, which could be used as an effective nanoplatform for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided multimodal therapy for breast cancer. Various properties such as enhanced MRI and catalytic capacity from PBA and MnO2, photothermal conversion performance from PPy, and NO generation capacity from Arg were integrated into one nanocomposite. In vitro and vivo experiments, satisfactory anti-cancer efficiency was observed in PBA@PPy@MnO2@Arg nanoplatform under near-infrared irradiation (NIR) due to the combined effect between chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and gas therapy (GT). This work will pave a new avenue for the construction of multifunctional nanoplatforms and overcome the inherit poor photothermal and MRI activities limitations of Prussian blue analogue in biomedical field.

Inflammatory microenvironment regulation and osteogenesis promotion by bone-targeting calcium and magnesium repletion nanoplatform for osteoporosis therapy

Osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease that affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people, which is hallmarked by imbalanced bone remodeling and a deteriorating immune microenvironment. Magnesium and calcium are pivotal matrix components that participate in the bone formation process, especially in the immune microenvironment regulation and bone remodeling stages. Nevertheless, how to potently deliver magnesium and calcium to bone tissue remains a challenge. Here, we have constructed a multifunctional nanoplatform composed of calcium-based upconversion nanoparticles and magnesium organic frameworks (CM-NH2-PAA-Ald, denoted as CMPA), which features bone-targeting and pH-responsive properties, effectively regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and promoting the coordination of osteogenic functions for treating osteoporosis. The nanoplatform can efficaciously target bone tissue and gradually degrade in response to the acidic microenvironment of osteoporosis to release magnesium and calcium ions. This study validates that CMPA possessing favorable biocompatibility can suppress inflammation and facilitate osteogenesis to treat osteoporosis. Importantly, high-throughput sequencing results demonstrate that the nanoplatform exerts a good inflammatory regulation effect through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, thereby normalizing the osteoporotic microenvironment. This collaborative therapeutic strategy that focuses on improving bone microenvironment and promoting osteogenesis provides new insight for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.

Gold Nanorod–Based Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) with Manganese Dioxide Core–Shell Structured Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Cancer Theranostic Applications [Corrigendum

Gold Nanorod–Based Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) with Manganese Dioxide Core–Shell Structured Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Cancer Theranostic Applications [Corrigendum

A multifunctional nanoplatform for dual-readout visual detection and real-time inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus with nanozymes and Au nanorods

Pathogenic bacteria pose a significant burden on global public health. To ensure food safety and prevent the spread of foodborne diseases, the multifunctional technical platforms for rapid detection and inactivation of pathogens are urgently needed. Herein, a new dual-readout detection and bacterial inactivation nanoplatform was constructed based on K10P2W18Fe4(H2O)2O68@polydopamine (P2W18Fe4@PDA) nanozymes and Au nanorods (AuNRs). The target bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was firstly specifically isolated by the Fe3O4-Apt in complex sample matrices. Then, the isolated bacteria (Fe3O4-Apt-S. aureus) were strongly bound by the P2W18Fe4@PDA nanozymes with excellent peroxidase-like activity and highly efficient photothermal conversion. Accordingly, bacteria can be sensitively detected with monochrome signal catalyzed by the nanozyme (3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation) and multicolor signal produced by TMB2+ etching AuNRs. With the assay, as low as 29 CFU/mL S. aureus could be distinguished. Meanwhile, over 99% S. aureus in the magnetic separation can be effectively inactivated by 808 nm Near-infrared (NIR) light within 10 min. Moreover, S. aureus was detected successfully in spiked milk with a recovery rate of 98.64%–109.04% using this method, indicated that the method held significant promise for applications in food analysis and control.