Multidisciplinary Problem Research Articles

Invasion of the Giant Hogweed and the Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as a Multidisciplinary Problem with Unknown Future—A Review

Caucasian hogweeds are plants introduced to Europe from the Caucasus area. This review concerns the two most common ones—the giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum and the Sosnowsky’s hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi. The first of them was imported as garden decorations from the 19th century, mainly to Western Europe, while the second one was introduced from the mid–20th century to agricultural areas in Eastern Europe. Nowadays, these two species create one of the most problematic invasions in the world. This review aimed to synthesize research on those invaders based on 277 articles selected from the “Scopus” database. Most of the articles concerned their extensive distribution, at least on a continental scale and the rapid dispersal. The reviewed research showed that the complex physicochemical properties of hogweeds tissues and secretions significantly affected insects, aphids, ants, nematodes, fungi, soil microorganisms, plant communities, birds, and many other components of the ecosystems. This knowledge turned out to be disproportionately small to the scale of the problem. The review also showed what ecological traits of hogweeds were responsible for their wide and various role in the environment. Thus far, no effective method to eradicate Caucasian hogweeds has been found. This could be a growing mistake, given that they are probably during the rapid evolutionary changes within the range of their invasion.

Calcinosis Cutis of the Nasal Dorsum

Summary:Calcinosis cutis is a common dermatological problem in patients with systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and systemic lupus erythematous; however, it is rare to occur outside of these diseases. It represents a multidisciplinary problem that involves primary care physicians, dermatologists, and surgeons. The pathophysiology is defined by deposition of calcium salts in the subcutaneous tissue as hydroxyapatite, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be determined. The most common locations of lesions are the scalp, scrotum, extremities, and joints. Rarely does calcinosis cutis occur on the face. We present a unique case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis that occurred in a healthy patient with normal serum calcium and phosphate levels on the nasal dorsum, which was managed surgically. The histology of the calcinosis showed normal morphology, dominated by large deposits of calcium and normal surrounding tissues. This case represents a rare but clinically relevant presentation of idiopathic calcinosis cutis in an otherwise healthy individual.

CR19: a framework for preliminary detection of COVID-19 in cough audio signals using machine learning algorithms for automated medical diagnosis applications.

Today, there is a level of panic and chaos dominating the entire world due to the massive outbreak in the second wave of COVID-19 disease. As the disease has numerous symptoms ranging from a simple fever to the inability to breathe, which may lead to death. One of these symptoms is a cough which is considered one of the most common symptoms for COVID-19 disease. Recent research shows that the cough of a COVID-19 patient has distinct features that are different from other diseases. Consequently, the cough sound can be detected and classified to be used as a preliminary diagnosis of the COVID-19, which will help in reducing the spreading of that disease. The artificial intelligence (AI) engine can diagnose COVID-19 diseases by executing differential analysis of its inherent characteristics and comparing it to other non-COVID-19 coughs. However, the diagnosis of a COVID-19 infection by cough alone is an extremely challenging multidisciplinary problem. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid framework for efficiently COVID-19 detection and diagnosis using various ML algorithms from cough audio signals. The accuracy of this framework is improved with the utilization of the genetic algorithm with the ML techniques. We also assess the proposed system called CR19 for diagnosis on metrics such as precision, recall, F-measure. The results proved that the hybrid (GA-ML) technique provides superior results based on different evaluation metrics compared with ML approaches such as LR, LDA, KNN, CART, NB, and SVM. The proposed framework achieve an accuracy equal to 92.19%, 94.32%, 97.87%, 92.19%, 91.48%, and 93.61% in compared with the ML are 90.78, 92.90, 95.74, 87.94, 81.56, and 92.198 for LR, LDA, KNN, CART, NB, and SVM respectively. The proposed framework will efficiently help the physicians provide a proper medical decision regarding the COVID-19 analysis, thereby saving more lives. Therefore, this CR19 framework can be a clinical decision assistance tool used to channel clinical testing and treatment to those who need it the most, thereby saving more lives.

Full-Fledged Use of Semi-Basement Space by Building Seismic-Resistance, Energy-Efficiency, Microclimate and Preventing Influences of Thermal Bridges and Mold Growth

The known theory and experience of energy-saving architecture allow solving the article's task and ensuring sufficient insolation, passive solar heating, and occupants contact with nature through semi-basement windows. The goal is a full-fledged use of the semi-basement space achieved for seismically active regions with a moderate, cold, and hot climate by ensuring the normative seismic-resistance, energy-efficiency, and microclimate of the building and preventing influence of thermal bridges and mold growth. The set of recommendations also covers the provision of the required sanitary-hygienic conditions in the semi-basement rooms. The multidisciplinary problem is solved by integrating the methodologies of various fields of science. By means of numerical investigations, it established that the soil adjacent to the semi-basement foundation wall increases the thermal mass and building envelope heat-protection capacity. The isotherms and the intensity of heat fluxes made it possible to eliminate the effect of thermal bridges that interact with the soil and outside air. The expedient thickness and width of the additional layer of thermal insulation of thermal bridge zones in excess of the normative layer of the enclosure's thermal insulation were established. The graphical dependence of the wall's inner corner temperature from this width allows selecting the microclimate level. A multilateral contribution to building improvement is derived from a single-family home example: comfortable microclimate conditions have been created in the semi-basement for placing main rooms there; energy savings for heating this space is 16-20%; saving of monolithic frame and foundation concrete is 10-12% ensuring the higher than normative building seismic-resistance.

Radio Optical Network Simulation Tool (RONST)

This paper presents a radio optical network simulation tool (RONST) for modeling optical-wireless systems. For a typical optical and electrical chain environment, performance should be optimized concurrently before system implementation. As a result, simulating such systems turns out to be a multidisciplinary problem. The governing equations are incompatible with co-simulation in the traditional environments of existing software (SW) packages. The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is an ideal candidate for providing high-speed short-range access for wireless services. The limited wireless reach of this technology is a significant limitation. A feasible solution to the problem of extending UWB signals is to transmit these signals to end-users via optical fibers. This concept implies the need for the establishment of a dependable environment for studying such systems. Therefore, the essential novelty of the proposed SW is that it provides designers, engineers, and researchers with a dependable simulation framework that can accurately and efficiently predict and/or optimize the behavior of such systems in a single optical-electronic simulation package. Furthermore, it is supported by a strong mathematical foundation with integrated algorithms to achieve broad flexibility and low computational cost. To validate the proposed tool, RONST was deployed on an ultra-wideband over fiber (UWBoF) system. The bit error rate (BER) has been calculated over a UWBoF system, and there is good agreement between the experimental and simulated results.

Olfactory disorders as a multidisciplinary problem

Olfactory dysfunction is a serious symptom that requires careful differential diagnosis. The article presents convincing evidence that dysosmia is not only a symptom of rinological pathology, but also a manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 have neurological symptoms. Modern studies show that olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are significant symptoms in the clinical presentation of the COVID-19 infection. The importance of olfactory diagnostics in relatives of patients with hereditary neurodegenerative diseases for the purpose of early detection of pathology is noted. We consider the possibility of introducing new methods for the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction, which is a promising task both in the field of neurology and otorhinolaryngology, in order to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases at an early stage, improve the quality of life and social adaptation of patients.

Диагностические особенности хронического фарингита аллергической этиологии

Abstract. The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and choice of tactics for the treatment of patients with chronic pharyngitis through in-depth study of the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Materials and methods. The study involved 149 patients with complaints of sore throat. All patients underwent: collection of complaints and careful collection of anamnesis, clinical examination, examination of pharyngeal mucus for cell composition in different parts of the pharynx; nasocytogram; general blood test with leukogram evaluation, level of general and, if necessary, specific IgE; measuring the pH of saliva in different parts of the pharynx; consultations of related specialists - gastroenterologist, psychotherapist and allergist. The results of the study. Based on the evaluation of patient complaints using the GERDQ questionnaire, questionnaires on the influence of the patients somatic status on the development of anxiety and depression (GAD-7) scale, test PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and questionnaire Sinus-Nasal — Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22)), we identified 37 patients with suspected gastrointestinal disease who were subsequently treated by a gastroenterologist; 32 patients with psychosomatic disorders underwent correction by a psychotherapist; and 80 patients with a probable allergic nature of chronic pharyngitis. To confirm the allergic nature of the disease, we conducted an allergy test: pricktests with pollen, food and household allergens, as well as determination of IgE levels. The data obtained showed that 76.4 % of the examined patients were hypersensitive to several allergens at the same time. Conclusions. Chronic pharyngitis is a multidisciplinary problem that requires the involvement of specialists in various fields in the diagnostic process. The developed diagnostic algorithm allows to determine the etiology of chronic pharyngitis and choose an individual approach to the treatment of patients depending on the etiopathogenesis of the disease, which will improve the quality of life of patients.

Гостра кропив'янка — актуальна мультидисциплінарна проблема

Abstract. The article is devoted to an actual multidisciplinary problem — etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute urticaria (AU). It belongs to the 20 most common skin diseases, and it is faced not only by allergists and dermatologists, but also by therapists, pediatricians and other doctors. In therapeutic and especially pediatric practice, AU is of particular interest, which is associated with significant diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The prevalence of AU ranges from 1 to 5% in the population, and among the child population, the incidence of AU reaches 6.7 %. The most common triggers for AU are drugs (38.1 %), infectious agents (35.2 %), stress (24.7 %), and food (17.8 %). AU pathogenesis is based on degranulation and release of mediators from mast cells. Their activation during AU can be caused by both immunological factors mediated by specific receptors on cell membranes and non-immunological factors. The diagnostic process begins with the collection of complaints, anamnesis data and physical examination. The volume of laboratory and instrumental examination of patients with AU is determined by the intensity of clinical manifestations, duration of the disease, response to therapy, as well as external symptoms. There are no routine indications for laboratory testing in AU. If an allergic genesis of AU is suspected, specific allergy diagnostics are indicated. Antihistamines of the second generation remain the basis of treatment for patients with urticaria, and in case of their insufficient effectiveness, omalizumab and cyclosporine are added to the treatment regimen. Short courses of systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed in rare cases of severe disease. Key words: acute urticaria, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment.

NAFLD Associated Comorbidity

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered not only as a disease with poor hepatic prognosis. The problem has acquired a multidisciplinary problem. The variety of concomitant diseases and pathological conditions are united by common pathophysiological mechanisms.This review summarizes and presents the data available in the modern literature on the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, etc. The role of the liver in the homeostasis of the organism and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of NAFLD-associated comorbidity are discussed.

Recent advances in reliability analysis of aeroengine rotor system: a review

PurposeTo provide valuable information for scholars to grasp the current situations, hotspots and future development trends of reliability analysis area.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, recent researches on efficient reliability analysis and applications in complex engineering structures like aeroengine rotor systems are reviewd.FindingsThe recent reliability analysis advances of engineering application in aeroengine rotor system are highlighted, it is worth pointing out that the surrogate model methods hold great efficiency and accuracy advantages in the complex reliability analysis of aeroengine rotor system, since its strong computing power can effectively reduce the analysis time consumption and accelerate the development procedures of aeroengine. Moreover, considering the multi-objective, multi-disciplinary, high-dimensionality and time-varying problems are the common problems in various complex engineering fields, the surrogate model methods and its developed methods also have broad application prospects in the future.Originality/valueFor the strong demand for efficient reliability design technique, this review paper may help to highlights the benefits of reliability analysis methods not only in academia but also in practical engineering application like aeroengine rotor system.

Application of a nurse-led multidisciplinary health problem assessment tool on patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis at home: Across-sectional study.

To identify and analyze the most prominent problems of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients by applying a nurse-led multidisciplinary health problem assessment tool. 170 PD patients were recruited from the PD center of the First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University from January 2019 to June 2019, and their information was collected from July 2019 to June 2020 through telephone interviews, Wechat interviews, outpatient visits, and home visits; their health problems were classified and analyzed with regard to physiological, psychosocial, health-related behavior, and environment categories based on the Omaha Problem Classification System, and their knowledge, behavior, and status related to these problems were evaluated by the Omaha Knowledge-Behavior-Status Scale. 165 of the eligible patients completed the follow-up, and their ten most prominent health problems were "Income", "Social contact", "Pain", "Neuro-musculo-skeletal function", "Digestion-hydration" and "Edema", "Nutrition", "Physical activity", "Fluid and diet restriction", and "Symptom management". As for the Knowledge-Behavior-Status scale, they got the lowest scores in knowledge of "Symptom management", behavior of "Fluid and diet restriction" and Status of "Nutrition", while they scored the best in knowledge of "Nutrition" and "Edema", behavior of "Income" and "Pain", and Status of "Pain" and "Edema". The multidisciplinary problem assessment tool based on the Omaha Problem Classification System serves as an effective and instructive tool to identify the prominent health problems of PD patients and provides a basis for the development of subsequent targeted interventions.

A Decentralized Cluster Formation Containment Framework for Multirobot Systems

Cooperative control of multirobot systems (MRSs) has earned significant research interest over the past two decades due to its potential applications in multidisciplinary engineering problems. In contrast to a single specialized robot, the MRS can be designed to offer flexibility, reconfigurability, robustness to faults, and cost-effectiveness in solving complex and challenging tasks. In this article, we aim to develop a unified cluster formation containment coordination framework for networked robots that can be decomposed into two layers containing the leaders and the followers. According to the proposed methodology, the leader robots are first distributed into a set of distinct and nonoverlapping clusters depending on the positions and priorities of the targets exploiting a game-theoretic rule. Then, they are steered to attain the desired formations around the corresponding targets. Subsequently, the follower robots are made to converge into the convex hull spanned by the leaders of the individual clusters. A prototype search and rescue operation is considered to highlight the usefulness of the proposed coordination framework. Furthermore, real-time hardware experiments were conducted on miniature mobile robots to validate the feasibility of the theoretical results.

Clinical case of a vasovagal syncope

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery of all vital functions without signs of neurological deficits. Syncope is a multidisciplinary medical problem common in clinical practice. As a rule, syncope occurs due to cardiovascular dysfunction of organic or functional origin, which either develops spontaneously or is induced by a trigger. Due to a various etiology differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation is difficult. This clinical case demonstrates the features of differential diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in a patient with polymorbid pathology and the features of the choice of an adequate management, including recommendations for lifestyle modifications, specialized education regarding prodromal symptoms recognition methods and timely application of countermeasures.

A survey of methods, datasets and evaluation metrics for visual question answering

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-disciplinary research problem that has captured the attention of both computer vision as well as natural language processing researchers. In Visual Question Answering, a system is given an image; a question in a natural language related to that image as an input, and the VQA system is required to give an answer in natural language as an output. A VQA algorithm may require common sense reasoning over the information contained in the image and world knowledge to produce the right answer. In this paper, we have discussed some of the core concepts used in VQA systems and present a comprehensive survey of efforts in the past to address this problem. Apart from traditional VQA models, we have also discussed visual question answering models that require reading texts present in images and evaluated on recently developed datasets like TextVQA, ST-VQA, and OCR-VQA. Apart from standard datasets discussed in previous surveys, we have also discussed some new datasets developed in 2019 and 2020 such as GQA, OK-VQA, TextVQA, ST-VQA, and OCR-VQA. The new evaluation metrics such as BLEU, MPT, METEOR, Average Normalized Levenshtein Similarity (ANLS), Validity, Plausibility, Distribution, Consistency, Grounding, F1-Score are explained together with the evaluation metrics discussed by previous surveys. We conclude our survey with a discussion on open issues in each phase of the VQA task and present some promising future directions.

A hybrid ITLHHO algorithm for numerical and engineering optimization problems

Harris hawks optimization (HHO) is one of the newest metaheuristic algorithms (MHAs) which mimic the interdependent behaviour and hunting style of Harris hawks in nature. It is an efficient swarm optimization technique that has been used to solve various kinds of optimization problems. However, for some optimization cases, it has a tendency to be trapped into local search space and it endures an improper balance between exploitation and exploration. To get rid of this situation and to explore the global searching ability of HHO, an effective hybrid method improved teaching–learning HHO (ITLHHO) has been developed using improved teaching–learning-based optimization for solving different kinds of engineering design and numerical optimization problems. The performance of ITLHHO has been demonstrated by 33 well-known benchmark functions, including IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation Benchmark Test Functions (CEC-C06, 2019 Competition) and 10 multidisciplinary challenging engineering optimization problems. After illustration, the outcomes of the proposed ITLHHO are compared with several recently developed competitive MHAs. Additionally, the ITLHHO results are statistically investigated with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and multiple comparison test to show the significance of the results. The experimental results suggest that ITLHHO significantly outperforms other algorithms and becomes a remarkable and promising tool for solving various kinds of optimization problems.

HGWO-SA: A Novel Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer-Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Engineering and Power System Optimization Problems

: The improved variants of a Grey wolf optimizer have good exploration capability for the global optimum solution. However, the exploitation competence of the existing variants of grey wolf optimizer is unfortunate. Researchers are continuously trying to improve the exploitation phase of the existing grey wolf optimizer, but still, the improved variants of grey wolf optimizer lack in local search capability. In the proposed research, the exploitation phase of the existing grey wolf optimizer has been further improved using a simulated annealing algorithm and the proposed hybrid optimizer has been named as hGWO-SA algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid variant has been tested for various benchmark problems, including multi-disciplinary optimization and design engineering problems and unit commitment problems of the electric power system and it has been experimentally found that the proposed optimizer performs much better than existing variants of grey wolf optimizer. The feasibility of hGWO-SA algorithm has been tested for small & medium scale power systems unit commitment problems, in which, the results for 4 unit, 5 unit, 6 unit, 7 unit, 10 units, 19 unit, 20 unit, 40 unit and 60 units are evaluated. The 10-generating units are evaluated with 5% and 10% spinning reserve. The results obviously show that the suggested method gives the superior type of solutions as compared to other algorithms.

FEATURES OF THE USEAGE OF SOFTWARE FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS CONSTRUCTION FROM POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS (Review)

This review considers the popular software for the calculation and technical means of structures made of polymer composite materials, used by specialists from design bureaus and research centers. These programs analyze the dynamics and static strength of heat and mass transfer, solve problems of mechanics, structural analysis and related multidisciplinary problems. The most commonly used levels of destruction of PCM, Hill-Mises, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman correspond. The finite element method is considered as one of the most effective in calculating aircraft structures.

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury

This literature review is devoted to one of the topical multidisciplinary problems of modern clinical practice the development of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. The prevalence of this pathology varies on average from 5 to 43 %, while the frequency of early hospital mortality increases significantly in the population of such patients compared with patients without cardiac surgery-associated renal damage. It is assumed that the work of the artificial circulatory system contributes to the development of such complications, but as shown by many studies, the etiology of such kidney damage is multifactorial and cannot be explained by only one pathogenetic mechanism. The article highlights the current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis and risk factors of acute kidney injury after cardiovascular interventions, describes new markers of early detection of renal dysfunction, and describes some prognostic aspects of the disease. Early identification and stratification of risk groups will allow for a timely preventive strategy, which will significantly improve early and long-term postoperative outcomes in such patients.

Research on associated motion simulation method and platform of control rod driving mechanism

The motion simulation analysis of the control rod drive mechanism is a typical multi-disciplinary cross-coupling problem covering electromagnetic field, flow field, and dynamic field. Ensuring effective simulation accuracy is an important advance for accurately predicting the reliability of nuclear reactors. In this paper, a multi-disciplinary co-simulation method is proposed based on time unit differentiation, which solves the coupling problem of parameters by micro-element thought. It can avoid affecting the accuracy of simulation results due to the inequality of multi-disciplinary parameters in the co-simulation process. This paper takes the nuclear reactor control rod drive mechanism as the verification object. The multi-disciplinary co-simulation platform in Isight is built based on the co-simulation method. By differentiating the overall process of multidisciplinary co-simulation according to time unit and using the same simulation time interval for each discipline, the Newmark method is used to determine the minimum simulation time integration step of each discipline. The multi-field co-simulation is carried out including electromagnetic field, flow field, gravitational field, and motion field of the driving mechanism in the working process. Through comparison with the actual measurement results, the simulation results have an error within 5%, which is better than existing motion simulation results of driving mechanism.

ОСТРОЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ ПОЧЕК ПРИ ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКОМ КЕТОАЦИДОЗЕ У ДЕТЕЙ

Timely diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multidisciplinary problem and a topic of numerous scientific studies. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the medical emergencies for which diagnosis of AKI becomes of potentially high importance. This literature review provides data on the incidence of AKI, associated factors and disease-specific health outcomes in children with DKA in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Scientific articles were searched for in the eLIBRARY and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria were met by 6 original scientific studies, based on the results of which it was concluded that AKI is a common condition in DKA, and the problem of its timely diagnosis requires increased attention of clinicians.