Multidetector Row Research Articles

Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography Urography (MDCTU) in the Evaluation of Microscopic Hematuria in Adults

Multi-detector row computed tomography urography (MDCTU) becomes the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract. The aim of this study was to discuss and illustrate the role of MDCTU, on a 32-row CT scanner in the evaluation a variety of entities that were frequently associated with microscopic hematuria in adults. This prospective cohort study was performed in the period of August 2013 to October 2014. Fifty positive participants to microscopic hematuria were examined at the radiology department of Alnilin Diagnostic Medical Center and Antalya Medical Center. Computed tomography urography (CTU) scanning was performed using two powerful performances, high speed multi-detector row on 32-row CT scanners (Siemens Healthcare Global, Somatom Emotion Duo Eco). Statistical analysis was done through the standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15 for windows. MDCTU established the correct cause of microscopic hematuria in (44; 88%) of participants. In (6; 12%) of participants, no cause of hematuria was identified based on the standard of references. The causes of hematuria in (41; 82%) participants were diseases in the upper urinary tract, while urinary bladder neoplasms (2; 4%) and diverticulum (1; 2%) were the causes of hematuria (3; 6%) in the lower urinary tract. Thirty two-row MDCTU scanner demonstrated satisfactory results in the investigation of microscopic hematuria, being able to demonstrate a wide spectrum of diseases affecting the urinary tract is the main advantage of the technique.

A Study of the Proximal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Motion

Objective: The purpose of this study is to elucidate deformation of each compression and torsion exerted to the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery during the cardiac cycle. Background: We hypothesised that mechanical stress exerted on the proximal LAD artery by cardiac contractions is a determinant of the need for repeat revascularization after stenting, though the proximal LAD motion has not been thoroughly studied. Methods: We prospectively analysed the electrocardiogram-gated, 64-slice multi detector row computed tomography (CT) images obtained in 297 consecutive patients suspected of suffering from coronary artery disease for having major risk factors, an abnormal electrocardiogram, or angina pectoris. Results: Using multi-planar reconstruction and enhanced cross-sectional CT images, the compression and torsion of the proximal LAD artery between end-systole and end-diastole were 15.6 ± 26.4% and 0.5 ± 0.6°/mm, respectively. The compression ratio was significantly smaller in diabetic (12.3 ± 33.8%) than in non-diabetic (16.5 ± 24.1%) patients (P<0.05). The torsion was also smaller in patients with versus without 3-vessel coronary disease (0.3 ± 0.3°/mm versus 0.5 ± 0.6°/mm; P<0.05) and in patients with versus without histories of previous valve surgery (0.2 ± 0.1°/mm versus 0.5 ± 0.6°/mm; P<0.05). Conclusions: We measured the amount of compression and torsion to the proximal LAD artery associated with the cardiac contractions. These mechanical stimuli may promote plaque rupture and progression, and in-segment restenosis after stent implantations.

Decreased bone mineral density is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 252 postmenopausal women who had visited a health promotion center for a routine checkup. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using 64-row multidetector computed tomography. Participants were divided into normal BMD and osteopenia-osteoporosis groups, according to the T-scores of their lumbar spine or femoral neck.ResultsParticipants with osteopenia-osteoporosis had a significantly higher proportion of coronary atherosclerosis than did those with normal BMD at the lumbar spine (P=0.003) and femoral neck (P=0.004). Osteopenia-osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (odds ratio [OR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 7.27) or femoral neck (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.07 to 10.57) was associated with coronary atherosclerosis, after controlling for age and cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionDecreased BMD is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women, independent of age and cardiovascular risk factors. Postmenopausal women with decreased BMD may have a higher risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis.

Acute head trauma - a multidetector computed tomography scanning study

Objective The present work was designed to evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanning in the diagnosis of sequelae of acute head trauma. Background Head trauma is a major cause of death and disability. CT of the head is commonly considered to be the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of sequelae of acute head trauma. CT imaging has vastly improved from single-section scanning to the present multidetector row CT (MDCT). MDCT has improved the diagnostic value through the availability of postprocessing techniques such as multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional reconstruction imaging. Methods We studied 63 patients, aged between 12 days and 70 years (mean age, 20 years), presenting to the Emergency Department of Kafr El-Dawar General Hospital with a history of acute head trauma from May 2013 to January 2014. All patients were examined using an MDCT scanner and showed positive findings on head MDCT. Results MDCT (Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and three-dimensional reconstruction images) added more information to the routine axial images alone in 32 (27%) of the 118 CT findings. It better demonstrated the type and extension of skull fractures in 18 patients (36% of patients with skull fractures and 28.6% of all patients), added more diagnostic value in 10 patients with extra-axial hemorrhages (22.7% of patients with extra-axial hemorrhages and 15.9% of all patients), and better demonstrated the contusions in four patients (21% of patients with hemorrhagic contusions and 6.3% of all patients). Conclusion MDCT was successful in the adequate characterization of the extent and type of hemorrhages and skull fractures in cases of acute head trauma.

A Longitudinal Computed Tomography Imaging in the Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer.

Background/Aim. To assess whether the diagnostic power of longitudinal multiplanar reformat (MPR) images is superior to that of conventional horizontal images for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Methods. Between 2006 and 2010, a total of 54 consecutive patients with preoperatively diagnosed gallbladder neoplasms located in gallbladder bed were analyzed. These patients underwent cholecystectomy with resection of the adjacent liver parenchyma. The patients were divided into the GBC group (n = 30) and the benign group (n = 24). MPR images obtained by preoperative multidetector row CT (MDCT) were assessed. Results. Mucosal line was more significantly disrupted in GBC group than that in benign group (93% [28/30 patients] versus 13% [3/24], p < 0.001). Maximum (9.3 [4.2–24.8] versus 7.0 mm [2.4–22.6], p = 0.29) and minimum (1.2 [1.0–2.4] versus 1.3 mm [1.0–2.6], p = 0.23) wall thicknesses on a single MPR plane did not differ significantly; however, the wall thickness ratio (max/min) differed significantly (6.8 [1.92–14.0] versus 5.83 [2.3–8.69], p = 0.04). Partial liver enhancement adjacent to tumor on longitudinal images was more common in GBC (40.0% [12/30 patients] versus 12.5% [3/24], p = 0.03). Mucosal line disruption was the most reliable independent predictor of diagnosis (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% CI, 5.99–28.1, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Longitudinal MPR images are more useful than horizontal images for the diagnosis of GBC.

Head mass in chronic pancreatitis: Inflammatory or malignant.

Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. This often presents as a mass lesion in the head of pancreas. Mass lesion in the head of pancreas can also occur secondary to an inflammatory lesion. Recognising this is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery. This is sometimes difficult as there is an overlap in clinical presentation and conventional computed tomography (CT) abdomen findings in inflammatory and malignant mass. Advances in imaging technologies like endoscopic ultrasound in conjunction with techniques like fine needle aspiration, contrast enhancement and elastography as well as multidetector row CT, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning have been shown to help in distinguishing inflammatory and malignant mass. Research is ongoing to develop molecular techniques to help characterise focal pancreatic mass lesions. This paper reviews the current status of imaging and molecular techniques in differentiating a benign mass lesion in chronic pancreatitis and from malignancy.

Preoperative Evaluation of the Right Upper Lobe Pulmonary Artery by 3D-CT Pulmonary Angiography vs. Thin-Section Multiplanar Reconstruction Images Obtained by Contrast-Enhanced Multidetector-Row CT.

We compared the effectiveness of 3-dimensional computed tomography pulmonary angiography (3D-CTPA) and thin-section multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images obtained using contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT), in the evaluation of pulmonary artery (PA) branches of the right upper lobe. We studied 127 patients suspected of having lung cancer of the right upper lobe who underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT scans and a right upper lobectomy. We compared the intraoperative findings of the PA branches of the right upper lobe obtained with 3D-CTPA and thin-section MPR images. In 125 (97.7%) patients, one or more PA branches arose from arteries other than the superior trunk. Among 10 (7.9%) patients, a PA branch arose from the middle lobe in one patient and from the superior segment of the lower lobe in the other 9 patients. According to the intraoperative findings, 97.2% and 99.7% of the PA branches were identified by 3D-CTPA and thin-section MPR images, respectively (p ＜ 0.03). The single branch missed by both imaging modalities was 1.0mm in dia. The 8 branches missed only by 3D-CTPA were ＜ 1.4mm in dia. Both the 3D-CTPA and thin-section MPR images provided precise preoperative information regarding PA branches of the right upper lobe. However, the thin-section MPR images appeared to contribute more to the evaluation of smaller PA branches.

The Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in Biliary Tract Malignancy

Early diagnosis of biliary tract tumors is important in accurate staging, to choose the best possible treatment and improve their prognosis. Multidetector row Computed Tomography is an ideal method to evaluate patients with suspected biliary tract obstruction and thereby biliary tract malignancy. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Multidetector row Computed Tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of level of obstruction and to study the imaging features of various causes of biliary tract malignancy. Material and Method: MDCT of 40 patients with clinically suspicion of biliary tract obstruction were prospectively reviewed and only malignant causes were included in the study. Final diagnosis was based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, surgical and histopathological diagnosis. The MDCT diagnosis and final diagnosis was compared for level and imaging features of malignant lesions. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in determining the level of malignant obstruction is 100%, 83.33%, 97.77%, 100%, 98%, and cause of malignant obstruction is 97.73%, 83.33%, 97.72%, 83.33%, 96%. MDCT with its high sensitivity and specificity values plays an essential role in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of biliary tract and for the evaluation of therapeutic options. Conclusion: MDCT has a vital role to play in biliary tract malignancy with its high degree of accuracy in establishing the level of obstruction and in defining the imaging features of the malignant lesions.

Cardiac Multidetector Row CT before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention as a Treatment Guide for Chronic Total Occlusion

Cardiac Multidetector Row CT before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention as a Treatment Guide for Chronic Total Occlusion

Multidetector Row Computed Tomography(MDCT) Evaluation of Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Histopathological Correlation

Bronchogenic carcinoma is one among the leading causes of death in males in India and globally. Multidetector row Computed Tomography is a non-invasive technique for evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma. Aims and objections: To document imaging characteristics of various histopathological cell types of bronchogenic carcinoma by MDCT and to correlate with histopathology. A prospective study was done on 60 patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of bronchogenic carcinoma undergoing MDCT. The final diagnosis was established by histopathology. Study duration was for 2 years from January 2013 to December 2014. Results: MDCT is a promising tool in evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological celltype, closely followed by adenocarcinoma. Hilar mass was the predominant presentation followed by lung mass.

Usefulness of an Anisotropic Diffusion Method in Cerebral CT Perfusion Study Using Multi-Detector Row CT

Purpose: To present an application of the anisotropic diffusion (AD) method to improve the accuracy of the functional images of perfusion parameters such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) generated from cerebral CT perfusion studies using multi-detector row CT (MDCT). Materials and Methods: Continuous scans (1 sec/rotation ×60 sec) consisting of four 5-mm-thick contiguous slices were acquired after an intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material in 6 patients with cerebrovascular disease using an MDCT scanner with a tube voltage of 80 kVp and a tube current of 200 mA. New image data were generated by thinning out the above original images at an interval of 2 sec or 3 sec. The thinned-out images were then interpolated by linear interpolation to generate the same number of images as originally acquired. The CBF, CBV and MTT images were generated using deconvolution analysis based on singular value decomposition. Results: When using the AD method, the correlation coefficient between the MTT values obtained from the original and thinned-out images was significantly improved. Furthermore, the coefficients of variation of the CBF, CBV and MTT values in the white matter significantly decreased as compared to not using the AD method. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the AD method is useful for improving the accuracy of the functional images of perfusion parameters and for reducing radiation exposure in cerebral CT perfusion studies using MDCT.

Pancreatic trauma: The role of computed tomography for guiding therapeutic approach.

To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing traumatic injuries of the pancreas and guiding the therapeutic approach. CT exams of 6740 patients admitted to our Emergency Department between May 2005 and January 2013 for abdominal trauma were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were identified through a search of our electronic archive system by using such terms as "pancreatic injury", "pancreatic contusion", "pancreatic laceration", "peri-pancreatic fluid", "pancreatic active bleeding". All CT examinations were performed before and after the intravenous injection of contrast material using a 16-slice multidetector row computed tomography scanner. The data sets were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists in consensus searching for specific signs of pancreatic injury (parenchymal fracture and laceration, focal or diffuse pancreatic enlargement/edema, pancreatic hematoma, active bleeding, fluid between splenic vein and pancreas) and non-specific signs (inflammatory changes in peri-pancreatic fat and mesentery, fluid surrounding the superior mesenteric artery, thickening of the left anterior renal fascia, pancreatic ductal dilatation, acute pseudocyst formation/peri-pancreatic fluid collection, fluid in the anterior and posterior pararenal spaces, fluid in transverse mesocolon and lesser sac, hemorrhage into peri-pancreatic fat, mesocolon and mesentery, extraperitoneal fluid, intra-peritoneal fluid). One hundred and thirty-six/Six thousand seven hundred and forty (2%) patients showed CT signs of pancreatic trauma. Eight/one hundred and thirty-six (6%) patients underwent surgical treatment and the pancreatic injures were confirmed in all cases. Only in 6/8 patients treated with surgical approach, pancreatic duct damage was suggested in the radiological reports and surgically confirmed in all cases. In 128/136 (94%) patients who underwent non-operative treatment CT images showed pancreatic edema in 97 patients, hematoma in 31 patients, fluid between splenic vein and pancreas in 113 patients. Non-specific CT signs of pancreatic injuries were represented by peri-pancreatic fat stranding and mesentery fluid in 89% of cases, thickening of the left anterior renal fascia in 65%, pancreatic ductal dilatation in 18%, acute pseudocyst/peri-pancreatic fluid collection in 57%, fluid in the pararenal spaces in 45%, fluid in transverse mesocolon and lesser sac in 29%, hemorrhage into peri-pancreatic fat, mesocolon and mesentery in 66%, extraperitoneal fluid in 66%, intra-peritoneal fluid in 41% cases. CT represents an accurate tool for diagnosing pancreatic trauma, provides useful information to plan therapeutic approach with a detection rate of 75% for recognizing ductal lesions.

Utility of Multi-detector Row CT for Detection of Intestinal Ischemia Associated with Strangulation Ileus

Utility of Multi-detector Row CT for Detection of Intestinal Ischemia Associated with Strangulation Ileus

Multislice CT coronary angiography is an additional tool for provisional diagnosis of acute chest pain with neither ECG nor echocardiography significant findings in emergency room

Background Multislice coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography is used to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) with good spatial and temporal resolution. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the uses of thin-slice multidetector row CT in the diagnosis of different vascular coronary causes of chest pain. Patients and methods A total of 20 patients were examined with full history taking, resting 12-lead ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography. Thereafter, on the basis of their clinical manifestations or suspected progression of past condition they were enrolled for 160-multislice CT angiography using Ultravist 370 as a contrast medium. Results CT coronary angiography revealed the following: two cases were normal, two showed nonsignificant CAD, three showed significant CAD, 10 showed mild-to-moderate CAD, two showed anomalous coronary arteries, and one showed myocardial bridge. Conclusion CT angiography nowadays is considered the primary tool of diagnosis for different thoracic vascular disorders, being a safe, rapid method of diagnosis. Multislice coronary CT is a relatively new technique that gives physicians the advantage of screening emergency patients presenting with acute chest pain in a rapid and safe way for detection of their vascular diseases.

Venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty diagnosed by enhanced computed tomography:comparison of selective thromboprophylaxis and no thromboprophylaxis.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most effective treatment for advanced or end-stage hip osteoarthritis. However, venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains one of its unresolved complications. We reviewed the records of 322 patients undergoing primary THA and investigated the efficacy of anticoagulant prophylaxis for VTE. Our study cohort consisted of 60 patients who received no anticoagulants, 100 patients who received a factor Xa inhibitor (fondaparinux), 100 patients who received low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin), and 62 patients who selectively received no anticoagulant prophylaxis due to perioperative bleeding, weight, and/or hemoglobin concentration. Enhanced 64-slice multidetector row computed tomography was performed postoperatively for 7 days in all cases. The incidence of VTE in the four groups was 15%, 9.0%, 6.0%, and 6.4%, respectively. The incidence of VTE was significantly lower in the groups receiving anticoagulant prophylaxis and the group selectively receiving no anticoagulant prophylaxis than in the group receiving no anticoagulants. Complications of fondaparinux therapy included hepatic dysfunction in 4 cases (4.0%), minor bleeding in 2 cases (2.0%), persistent wound drainage in 3 cases (3.0%), and eruption in 1 case (1.0%). The complications of enoxaparin therapy were persistent wound drainage in 1 case (1.0%) and progression of anemia in 1 case (1.0%). The incidence of VTE was low in patients who selectively received no anticoagulant prophylaxis, so we conclude that anticoagulant prophylaxis should be used selectively in THA cases.

Strategies and Scientific Basis of Dose Reduction on State-of-the-Art Multirow Detector X-Ray CT Systems.

The continued development in multirow detector computed tomography (MDCT) technology accompanied by tremendous enhancement in the clinical utility and rapid increase in the number of MDCT scanners worldwide are causing a steep rise in the number of diagnostic computed tomography (CT) procedures performed each year. The everincreasing use of this X-radiation-based imaging technique has raised radiation protection concerns among the clinical community and general public. To address these concerns, significant efforts have been made by the clinical community as well as industry, research, and government organizations. Because of these efforts, modern MDCT systems are now equipped with a variety of tools that can lead to "radiation dose-optimized" CT images if used properly. This review describes CT dose metrics and their limitations, radiation dose reduction techniques and strategies implemented using modern MDCT scanners, and the role of research and regulatory organizations in developing guidelines and regulations to facilitate the adoption of the dose reduction strategies. An account of further developments required to achieve submillisievert X-ray CT doses and to make X-ray CT a radiation risk-free imaging modality is also given. A detailed description of the scientific basis and controversies surrounding the linear no threshold (LNT) model, which forms the basis of all radiation dose reduction strategies, is also provided in this review. According to the LNT model, there is no amount of radiation that is safe or beneficial for human beings. Based on recent epidemiological studies, despite all of the controversies, the LNT model continues to be the basis of the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle of radiation protection framework in CT.

Effect of Different CT Scanner Types and Beam Collimations on Measurements of Three-Dimensional Volume and Hounsfield Units of Artificial Calculus Phantom

The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences and reproducibility of Hounsfield unit (HU) value and volume measurements on different computed tomography (CT) scanner types and different collimations by using a gelatin phantom. The phantom consisting of five synthetic simulated calculus spanning diameters from 3.0 mm to 12.0 mm with 100 HU was scanned using a two-channel multi-detector row CT (MDCT) scanner, a fourchannel MDCT scanner, and two 64-channel MDCT scanners. For all different scanner types, the thinnest possible collimation and the second thinnest collimation was used. The HU values and volumes of the synthetic simulated calculus were independently measured three times with minimum intervals of 2 weeks and by three experienced veterinary radiologists. ANOVA and Scheffe test for the multiple comparison were performed for statistical comparison of the HU values and volumes of the synthetic simulated calculus according to different CT scanner types and different collimations. The reproducibility of the HU value and volume measurements was determined by calculating Cohen’s k. The reproducibility of HU value and volume measurements was very good. HU value varied between different CT scanner types, among different beam collimations. However, there was not statistically significant difference. The percent error (PE) decreased as the collimation thickness decreased, but the decrease was statistically insignificant. In addition, no statistically significant difference in the PEs of the different CT scanner types was found. It can be concluded that the CT scanner type insignificantly affects HU value and the volumetric measurement, but that a thinner collimation tends to be more useful for accurate volumetric measurement.

High-resolution three-dimensional diffusion-weighted MRI/CT image data fusion for cholesteatoma surgical planning: a feasibility study.

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of high-resolution three-dimensional diffusion-weighted images (HR3D-DWIs)/multi-detector row CT (MDCT) images' data fusion for surgical planning for cholesteatoma. A total of 12 patients (7 male and 5 female; age range 11-72 years; mean 38.1 years) with cholesteatoma underwent preoperative MRI using a 3.0-T clinical unit and an 8-channel array-head coil. For each subject, HR3D-DWIs were obtained using a turbo field-echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation with 1.5 mm iso-voxel dimension. These patients also underwent MDCT with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. Fusion of the HR3D-DWIs and MDCT images was performed using an automated rigid registration and subsequent manual fine-tuning by a board-certified neuroradiologist on a workstation. Fused images were compared to CT and findings confirmed based on operation reports. On the fused images, the extent of the cholesteatoma, which was depicted as a conspicuous high-intensity lesion could be easily evaluated with background bony structures. In all patients, the location and extent of the cholesteatoma on the fused images corresponded well with the intraoperative findings. Image fusion between HR3D-DWIs and MDCT images is feasible, and provides valuable preoperative information for surgical planning to otorhinolaryngologists.

Detectability of hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3 T in patients with severe liver dysfunction: clinical impact of dual-source parallel radiofrequency excitation

AimTo clarify the detectability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3 T with dual-source parallel radiofrequency (RF) excitation. Materials and methodsTwelve patients with 26 HCCs who each underwent multidetector row CT (MDCT), gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with dual-source parallel RF excitation, and angiography-assisted CT prior to living related-liver transplantation. Three blinded readers independently reviewed the images obtained by each imaging technique for the presence of HCC on a segment-by-segment basis using a five-point confidence scale. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az), sensitivity, and specificity were compared among the three techniques. ResultsThe Az values of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were highest for all readers, although no significant difference in Az value among the three methods was obtained. No significant differences in sensitivity or specificity were observed among the three techniques for each reader. ConclusionGadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3 T with dual-source parallel RF excitation has relatively high-level diagnostic potential for the detection of HCC in patients with severe liver dysfunction, which was equivalent to that of MDCT and angiography-assisted CT. Dual-source parallel RF excitation would have a clinical impact on 3 T MRI of the liver.

MDCT and MR imaging of the jejunum.

Recent refinements in cross-sectional imaging have dramatically modified the investigation of the jejunum. Improvements in multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology have made detection and characterization of jejunal abnormalities easier. Current options include MDCT and MR imaging using either enterography or enteroclysis. The goal of this pictorial review is to outline the current imaging techniques that are used to investigate the jejunum and illustrate the most common conditions that affect this small bowel segment with a specific focus on MDCT and MR imaging using enterography or enteroclysis. MR imaging used in conjunction with optimal jejunal distension appears as the modality of choice for the diagnosis of a wide range of jejunal abnormalities. MDCT remains the first line imaging modalities because of an acute presentation in a substantial number of patients.