Multi-index Evaluation Research Articles

Evaluation method for restoration effect of different sections of small and medium-sized rivers: A case study of the Qingyi River, China

Due to severe disturbances caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization, river ecosystems have evolved into complex natural-social composite ecosystems. At present, there is no unified evaluation method for the effect of river restoration in China. The existing research fails to fully integrate the “natural-social” characteristics of rivers, and pays less attention to the river section scale, which is not conducive to the development of accurate pollution control work. In this paper, we first put forward the division method of river section type which conforms to the “nature-society” dual attribute characteristics of the river, and divides the river section into “ecological/service/dual” functional “urban/rural” river section. Then a method for evaluating the restoration effect of different river sections based on index weight optimization was proposed. Based on the type of river section, the weights of 17 indexes were optimized, and the common evaluation method of restoration effect—multi-index evaluation method was improved. In addition, the application and verification of the established method were carried out on the main stream of Qingyi River and its typical tributaries. The evaluation results show that only the restoration effect of Baling River decreased from average in 2019 to acceptable in 2021, and ΔH (the change of the mean score of the target factor after repair) decreased from 15.6% to 6.2%. It was found that for the river sections where the repair effect cannot be maintained stably (such as Baling River), the previous methods paid more attention to the overall effect and easily ignored the specific problems. The improved method can identify problems more easily and facilitate timely post-maintenance. To further optimize the repair effect of Qingyi River, it is suggested that the restoration effect should be strengthened from the aspects of pollution source control, water quality improvement, aquatic restoration, continuous monitoring and evaluation. The evaluation results can provide a reference for the design, operation, and maintenance of restoration projects in small and medium-sized rivers.

Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the fresh processing technology of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix using a multi-index evaluation. This study comprehensively evaluated the fresh processing technology of sliced Cut Ophiopogonis Radix by investigating the cutting methods, cutting thickness, and drying conditions, and referring to The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition. The appearance traits, internal quality (extract, total saponins, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides), and drying efficiency were used as evaluation indexes. The physical attributes of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix were found to vary based on the processing techniques employed. The shape, surface characteristics, texture, and color were observed to differ across the different methods. Notably, the apparent quality of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix was superior in samples processed using A1B1C1, A1B2C2, and A3B1C3 techniques. Drying time and energy consumption of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix produced by the A1B2C2 and A2B1C2 processes were less than those of other treatments, making them the optimal process for fresh processing Cut Ophiopogonis Radix. The impact of the cutting method and thickness on the extract was found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). However, the drying method was observed to have a significant impact on the extract (P < 0.05). The cutting method, Cut thickness, and drying method did not affect the total saponin content (P > 0.05), but they had significant effects on the total polysaccharide and flavonoid contents (P < 0.01). Total polysaccharides were most affected by the cutting method, while total flavonoids were most affected by the drying condition. Based on the characteristics and internal quality, the fresh processing technology for Cut Ophiopogonis Radix was determined: fresh Ophiopogonis Radix was sliced to a thickness of 2-4 mm and dried at 55°C or a low temperature. The feasibility of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix is improved through its fresh processing. According to the evaluation indices, it is recommended to utilize the novel processing technique involving "fresh Ophiopogonis Radix" with fresh cuts, a cut thickness ranging from 2 to 4 mm, and drying at a temperature of 55℃ or through low-temperature drying. The Cut Ophiopogonis Radix exhibited favorable appearance and internal characteristics, thereby furnishing a scientific basis and innovative insights for the production of ophiopogon decoction slices.

Service quality evaluation of crowdsourcing logistics platform based on Fermatean fuzzy TODIM and regret theory

The service quality valuation of crowdsourcing logistics platforms can be considered as a typical multi-index evaluation issue. Fermatean fuzzy numbers can fully express uncertain and blurry information for service quality evaluation. Hence, considering that evaluator has limited rationality, with the psychology of loss aversion and regret avoidance in the evaluation process, this article constructs a Fermatean fuzzy TODIM model combined with regret theory to assess the service quality of crowdsourcing logistics platforms. Of note, the range maximum method is utilized to calculate the weight of index, which avoids the influence of the information fluctuation of the weight obtained by the simple weighted summation of subjective and objective weights on the final consequence. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified using a realistic example and comparison analysis.

GIS model for geothermal advantageous target selection

As the particularly popular green energy, geothermal resources are gradually favored by countries around the world, and the development model centered on geothermal dew point cannot meet the increasing geothermal demand. In this paper, a GIS model combining PCA and AHP is proposed, aiming to select the advantages of geothermal resources at the regional scale and analyze the main influencing indicators. Through the combination of the two methods, both data and empirical can be considered, then the geothermal advantage distribution on the area can be displayed through GIS software images. A multi-index evaluation system is established to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the mid-high temperature geothermal resources in Jiangxi Province, and carry out the evaluation of the dominant target areas and the analysis of geothermal impact indicators. The results show that it is divided into 7 geothermal resource potential areas and 38 geothermal advantage targets, and the determination of deep fault is the most critical index of geothermal distribution. This method is suitable for large-scale geothermal research, multi-index and multi-data model analysis and precise positioning of high-quality geothermal resource targets, which can meet the needs of geothermal research at the regional scale.

Multi-index Evaluation and Analysis of the Impact of US Presidential Election on Economy Based on SPSS

The result of the US election in 2020 will affect the economic trend of the United States and China. Economy is an important indicator of people's living standards, and policies and principles guide economic development. Based on the relevant data, this paper quantitatively analyzes the possible impact of the two candidates on the American economy and the Chinese economy. Factor analysis and the global econometric model of the National Academy of Sciences are used to determine economic trends.

Weight evaluation of factors influencing road flood risk in Mekong river delta

The Mekong River Delta is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world. Because of climate change, the risk of road flooding in the Mekong River Delta is increasing. Road flood disaster is considered as a series of damage processes affecting a road under the effect of different factors such as natural and social factors. Thus, index weight evaluation is a critical part in multi-index evaluation as well as road flood risk management. Some main flood-causative factors considered in this paper are road characteristics, climatic factors, hydrological characteristics, geology environmental factors and social factors. The significant criteria of road flood vulnerability are identified. The weight of different criteria was determined using the subjective method based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The obtained weights can be used for the flood risk evaluation and classification, providing valuable information for decision-making process in the road flood management to prevent and decrease the losses of roads during natural disaster like flooding

Relationship between ecosystem services and farmers’ well-being in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve of China

Understanding the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and farmers' well-being in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve plays an important strategic role in maintaining China’s ecological security and improving the well-being of regional farmers. Based on field research, questionnaire surveys, and other methods, this study took five Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserves in Henan Province as the research object and used a comprehensive multi-index evaluation method to evaluate the level of ecosystem services and farmers’ well-being in the research area in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Moreover, a coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and farmers’ well-being, as well as their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The results showed that the ecosystem service perception index of the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve increased from 0.579 to 0.826 from 2000 to 2020. The overall well-being index increased from 0.358 to 0.818 during the same period. The comprehensive indices of ecosystem services and household welfare in the five nature reserves were significantly different. From 2000 to 2020, the coupling coordination between ecosystem services and farmers’ well-being in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve gradually improved, and the coupling coordination type changed from the basic coordinated development welfare lagging type to the well-coordinated development welfare and ecological synchronization type. Based on the actual situation of the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve, some suggestions are put forward. These include strengthening publicity regarding ecological protection, further developing tourism related to the Yellow River Wetland, increasing investment in environmental protection and management, and perfecting the mechanism of wetland ecological protection. The results of this study can provide a reference for promoting coordination between ecosystem services and farmers’ well-being in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve.

Research of Low-Temperature Performance of Polyphosphoric Acid-Modified Asphalt.

Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modifier, which can effectively improve the rheological properties of asphalt, is widely used in pavement engineering. In order to accurately evaluate the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt, in this study, PPA-modified asphalt and PPA/SBR-modified asphalt were prepared. The modification mechanism was explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bending Beam Rheology (BBR) test was carried out, and four indexes, including K index, viscous flow (η1), low-temperature integrated flexibility (Jc), and relaxation time (λ), were obtained by combining the Burgers model. The optimal low-temperature performance evaluation index of modified asphalt was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The test results show that PPA addition to asphalt will produce chemical reactions, which can effectively improve the compatibility between SBR and neat asphalt. In the multi-index evaluation based on K, η1, Jc, and λ, the same optimum content of PPA was obtained. AHP analysis further demonstrates that Jc is the optimal evaluation index for laboratory research on the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified asphalt, and λ index is the ideal evaluation index for the low-temperature performance of asphalt in engineering applications.

Coupling Coordination and Interactivity between Farmland Transfer and Rural Financial Development: Evidence from Western China

The farmland transfer system (FTS) and rural financial development system (FDS) are economic systems with extensive connotation and coupling characteristics, and the interactive development of these systems is of great significance to rural economic growth. This study takes 10 provinces in western China as the research object and establishes a multi-index evaluation system. The entropy method, coupling coordination model and panel vector autoregression model (PVAR) were used to explore the comprehensive development level, coupled coordination degree and interaction of the FTS and the FDS in western China. The following results can be drawn: (1) the comprehensive development level of the FTS in western China is much higher than that of the FDS in both time and space; and (2) the FTS and FDS in western China have a strong correlation. The two subsystems interact with each other and restrict and promote each other, and their coupling coordination degree is optimized year by year. However, the coupling coordination degree and relative development level of each province vary by the economic development level, natural resources, agricultural productivity level and financial development structure of each province. (3) The FTS and FDS have the greatest effect on themselves, respectively, and the effect of the FTS on the FDS is greater than that of the FDS on the FTS. We suggest that the government strengthen support for rural financial institutions and speed up the market-oriented reform of agricultural land, rural finance and other production factors to realize the long-term mechanism of coordinated development of the FTS and FDS.

Multi-index evaluation learning-based computation offloading optimization for power internet of things

Cloud–edge-device collaborative computation offloading can provide flexible and real-time data processing services for massive resource-constrained devices in power internet of things (PIoT). However, the computation offloading optimization in PIoT still faces several challenges such as high computation offloading delay caused by uncertain information, coupling between task offloading and computation resource allocation, and degraded optimization performance due to the lack of multi-index consideration. To address the above challenges, we formulate a joint optimization problem of task offloading and computation resource allocation to minimize the average computation offloading delay. Specifically, a multi-index evaluation learning-based two-stage computation offloading (MINCO) algorithm is proposed to decouple the joint optimization problem into two-stage subproblems and solve them with evaluation and learning of multiple indexes including data flow characteristic, service priority, empirical average computation offloading delay, and empirical arm selection times. Simulation results show that compared with the baseline 1 and baseline 2 algorithms, MINCO improves the average computation offloading delay by 14.67% and 30.71%. Moreover, MINCO can evaluate different service priorities and data flow characteristics to meet different requirements of computation offloading delay.

A multi-index evaluation method for rockburst proneness of deep underground rock openings with attribute recognition model and its application

As the tunnel excavation and resource exploitation go deeper into the Earth, increasing number of rockburst occur all over the world. However, the understanding of rockburst prediction and rockburst proneness evaluation is still at its infancy. In this paper, to accurately and efficiently predict rockburst proneness, a multi-index evaluation method for rockburst proneness of deep underground rock openings is established, verified and applied. The multi-index evaluation method is put forward based on attribute recognition model and combined weighting method. Eight discriminate indexes are taken into account, i.e., in-situ stress, rock brittleness, elastic deformation energy, maximum storage elastic strain energy, rock integrity, groundwater condition, section design size and site construction status. Through analyzing a variety of practical engineering cases, the weight values of each index are evaluated by combined method of analytic hierarchy process and random forest algorithm. It is found that the groundwater condition, in-situ stress, rock integrity and elastic deformation energy are the most important evaluation indexes. The attribute recognition model of rockburst proneness is established with weight evaluation and the attribute measure function of each index, where the attribute measure function is developed by analyzing the rockburst proneness of each index and setting up the standards for risk classes. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed multi-index evaluation method are verified through analyzing rockburst cases of twenty engineering projects. It is then applied to the rockburst hazard evaluation of the Caoguoshan Tunnel. Results showed that the predictions for rockburst proneness are consistent with the actual rockburst occurrence. The findings in this paper could facilitate evaluating of rockburst proneness for deep underground rock opening and be of great significance for rockburst risk prediction.

Research on an evaluation system of the application effect of ground source heat pump systems for green buildings in China

The application of ground source heat pump (GSHP) system for green buildings is an effective way to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce energy demand. At present, the GSHP system for green buildings has the problem of improper operation management and unideal operation effect. To comprehensively analyze the actual operation of system and promote the healthy development of GSHP system for green buildings, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive, quantitative and targeted application effect evaluation system. In this paper, the evaluation indexes were selected from three aspects of standards and specifications, literature researches and field investigations. Based on the evaluation purposes of application effect evaluation, operation optimization guidance and investment decision reference, the targeted evaluation indexes were constructed. The hierarchical-entropy weight method was used to determine the index weight according to the results of expert investigations and typical case measurements. Then, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established to integrate the multi-index evaluation results to form a complete evaluation system. The system covers 21 quantitative evaluation indexes, and results show that the evaluation indexes with the largest weight in the criterion, sub-criterion and index layers were technicality (0.69), system performance (0.33) and system heating performance coefficient (0.12), respectively. The evaluation system of the application effect of GSHP system for green buildings is useful for evaluating the application effect of system and convenient for operators to identify the weak points of system operation and adjust the operation schemes in time. Such an evaluation system can be used as a valuable reference for investors' investment decisions.

Efficient Color Quantization Using Superpixels.

We propose three methods for the color quantization of superpixel images. Prior to the application of each method, the target image is first segmented into a finite number of superpixels by grouping the pixels that are similar in color. The color of a superpixel is given by the arithmetic mean of the colors of all constituent pixels. Following this, the superpixels are quantized using common splitting or clustering methods, such as median cut, k-means, and fuzzy c-means. In this manner, a color palette is generated while the original pixel image undergoes color mapping. The effectiveness of each proposed superpixel method is validated via experimentation using different color images. We compare the proposed methods with state-of-the-art color quantization methods. The results show significantly decreased computation time along with high quality of the quantized images. However, a multi-index evaluation process shows that the image quality is slightly worse than that obtained via pixel methods.

Multi index evaluation method of pathological weight loss effect of aerobic exercise based on telemedicine monitoring

INTRODUCTION: Pathological obesity seriously endangers human health. OBJECTIVES: A multi index evaluation method of pathological weight loss effect of aerobic exercise based on telemedicine monitoring is proposed to evaluate the pathological weight loss effect of aerobic exercise by using telemedicine monitoring system. METHODS: According to the indexes of aerobic exercise affecting weight loss effect, a multi index evaluation system of pathological weight loss effect of aerobic exercise was established. The medical sensor of the telemedicine monitoring system is used to collect the index data in the multi index evaluation system of pathological obese personnel. The medical sensor uses the wireless node to transmit the collected data to the remote monitoring center. The evaluation module of the remote monitoring center uses the collected data and selects the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the pathological weight loss effect of aerobic exercise. RESULTS: The experimental results show that this method can effectively use the telemedicine monitoring system to collect the physiological parameters of pathological obese people, and use the parameter collection results to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on pathological weight loss. CONCLUSION: The proposed methods can provide basis for human aerobic exercise pathological weight loss.

Screening of Double Solvents Based on Multi-Index Evaluation Method for the Selective Separation m-Cresol from Model Oil.

Ionic liquid (IL) as an extractant is an effective method for separating oil–phenol mixtures. However, relatively high neutral oil entrainment can lead to oil loss and a remarkable reduction in phenol purity. To reduce the entrainment of neutral oil in the extraction process, a double-solvent extraction system composed of IL 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([C2mim][Ac]) and an organic solvent was investigated. The multi-index evaluation method was used to screen the conventional organic solvent. The double-solvent extraction experiments were employed to verify the accuracy of the COSMO-RS prediction. Eighteen organic solvents, the interaction energy with m-cresol and cumene (neutral oil), their extraction ability, and mutual solubility with [C2mim][Ac], were calculated by COSMO-RS. Alkane and cycloalkane were screened due to their strong interaction and low distribution coefficient with cumene, as well as the low mutual solubility with [C2mim][Ac]. The experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction, and cyclopentane as an organic solvent had the lowest distribution coefficient and entrainment of cumene because of its strong nonpolarity and hydrogen-bond repulsive interaction, which was explained by the σ-profile and σ-potential analysis. When the cyclopentane-to-[C2mim][Ac] mass ratio increased from 0.0 to 3.0, the entrainment of cumene was evidently declined from 39.5 to 5.8% and the selectivity to m-cresol was improved from 378.0 to 1058.5.

Suitability evaluation of carrying capacity and utilization patterns on tidal flats of Bohai Rim in China

Tidal flats in the Bohai Rim are facing threats from human activities. Quantifying the carrying capacity and suitability of tidal flats is of great significance to the regional environment and resource management. In this study, the existing social and natural data were collected and the natural conditions of tidal flats, e.g., the distributions and utilization patterns, were investigated through remote sensing image interpretation and field investigation in the Bohai Rim. Then, a multi-index evaluation system was developed with indexes organized under the framework of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Drivers-State-Impact (DSI) framework, processed by fuzzy evaluation, and weighted by the entropy method. The studies show that the rapid expansion of industry-port-town, salt pans or aquafarms in the Bohai Rim during 1990–2020 squeezed the space of tidal flats. Despite the limitation of the declining resource condition, the carrying capacity of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim increased slightly during 2000–2018 because of the great improvement in economic and ecological conditions. We estimate 59.93% of the land resources are suitable for economic development while others are temporarily unsuitable for reclamation due to their high ecological importance. The land use data and macro-evaluation system of tidal flat utilization patterns herein can provide references for coastal resource management and ecological restoration.

Evaluation of the Durability of Bridge Tension Cables Based on Combination Weighting Method-Unascertained Measure Theory

Constant use over a period damages the bridge pulling cable structure of pulling sling bridges and reduces their durability. Therefore, a comprehensive and accurate durability evaluation of in-service bridge cable-stayed structures is critical to the safe operation and routine maintenance and repair of pulling sling bridges. In this paper, we first establish a three-layered pulling sling durability evaluation index system and then use the combined IAHP and CRITIC methods to assign weights to these evaluation indexes. The UM theory is applied to calculate a comprehensive multi-index evaluation vector for the durability of the pulling sling, which is evaluated according to the confidence criterion. Taking the Jiahui Bridge tension sling as an example, a durability evaluation was carried out, and the final evaluation result showed the bridge to be at level III, which is in line with the actual situation of the project. Finally, by comparing and analyzing using the SPA and MEE methods, we prove that the durability evaluation results of bridge tension cables using this method are more accurate.

Research on the Forming Process of a Selective Laser Melting-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Based on Multi-Index Evaluation

This paper investigate a laser processing parameters effects on the tensile properties and surface roughness of a SLM-manufactured 316L stainless steel sample. A multi-index weight model was established using the orthogonal test and entropy weight method. Then, the model assessed the effect of three process factors (scanning speed v, filling laser power P, and scan spacing s). The influence of different combinations of processing parameters on tensile properties and surface roughness was also analyzed. The results revealed that the level of the effects on the sample’s properties from high to low was P, v, and s (P &gt; v &gt; s), respectively. Tensile properties were influenced by laser power and scanning speed first with an increase, followed by a decrease, while scan spacing affected tensile properties with a decrease followed by an increase; the maximum tensile strength was 693 MPa. Surface roughness was affected by filling laser power and scanning power and scanning speed first with a decrease, followed by an increase, while scan spacing affected surface roughness with an increase followed by a decrease. Under experimental conditions, when the laser energy density (E) was 69.44 J·mm−3, the surface roughness of formed parts was the best; Ra was 2.04 μm.

Research on mathematical modeling of order and transshipment optimal distribution

Aiming at the problems of production arrangement and ordering, this paper conducts quantitative analysis, overall analysis and individual analysis on the supply characteristics of 402 suppliers, and constructs a ratio ranking model of 402 suppliers in the past five years, which reflects the important mathematical model to ensure the production of enterprises. And multi-index evaluation model, comprehensive use of Matlab, Excel and other software programming to solve, to determine the 50 most important suppliers. On the basis of mathematical modeling, a control scheme is given, and further analysis is completed, so as to optimize the ordering and transportation of raw materials in the production enterprise.

Quality Assessment of Physical Education Teaching in Colleges and Universities Based on Joint Neural Network

In order to improve the accuracy of physical education teaching quality evaluation in colleges and universities, a new JNE teaching quality evaluation model of physical education is proposed in colleges and universities. Firstly, a set of multi-index evaluation system of college physical education teaching quality based on analytic hierarchy process is constructed from the four dimensions of teaching content, teaching method, teaching attitude, and teaching effect. The score data are used as the input vector of joint neural network (JEN), and the quality level of college physical education (excellent, good, average, and poor) is used as the output vector of JNE, and a teaching quality evaluation model of college physical education courses based on the JNE model is established. Compared with PSO-JEN and JEN, it is observed that JNE has higher classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for teaching quality evaluation of physical education courses in colleges and universities.