Multidrug Resistance In Therapy Research Articles

Footprints of Nanocarrier on multi drug resistance therapy

As it is commonly recognized, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale, posing significant challenges in the realm of treatment. MDR refers to a condition where resistance to various medications, which may differ in their chemical composition and mode of action, arises due to the presence of numerous mechanisms. In response to multidrug resistance (MDR), developing technologies in the field of nanotechnology, particularly Nanocarrier, are being utilized as counteractive measures. Nanocarrier refers to biodegradable materials that are employed in the field of drug delivery. Their primary function is to improve the solubility of medications that have low solubility, boosting their bioavailability. Additionally, nanocarriers enable the timed release of drugs and facilitate the accurate targeting of specific areas inside the body. Nanocarriers exhibit a diverse range of morphologies and dimensions, encompassing nanofibers, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. These nanocarriers can be administered through injection, subcutaneous delivery, or intramuscular administration. In this review article, we focus on different nanocarriers and their use in MDR.

Caries Status among Leprosy Patients: A KAP Survey

Leprosy is a chronic granulamatous dreadful disease affecting the body causing severe disfigurement and loss of function. The patients infected with this disease are ostracised in the society and their oral health status is often neglected. The study was conducted on 30 patients treated in St. John leprosy colony, Chengalpet. Of these 30% were female patients and 70% were male patients. Age ranges between 40 and 70 with the mean age being 52. Subjects diagnosed as leprotic (tuberculoid, borderline, and lepromatous) and under multidrug resistance therapy were included in the study. Dental caries was diagnosed using mouth mirror and explorer. The data was analysed and has been charged. The cumulative DMFT score for the surveyed population was 197. Out of 197 carious teeth 73 belonged to class I, 21 belonged to class II and class III, 22 belonged to class IV, 43 belonged to class V, 17 belonged to class VI. The caries status in patients with leprosy is active and significant. Hence rigorous awareness and treatment measures should be undertaken to address this.

STUDY ANALYSIS OF ORAL TUBERCULOSIS LESION IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which is the second-largest cause of death in the world after HIV / AIDS. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs but can manifest in the oral mucosa. Clinical manifestations of oral Tuberculosis related to age, sex, duration of treatment, systemic disease, and Multi-Drug Resistant therapy. There is no research on descriptive studies of oral manifestations of tuberculosis patients in South Kalimantan, specifically in Banjarmasin. This study aims to analyze the clinical manifestations of oral Tuberculosis descriptively in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Method: This was a descriptive analysis with cross-sectional study design, based on history and clinical oral examination. It was used 30 respondents by purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed by Chi-square (p<0.05). Results: During treatment, it showed the correlation between xerostomia and systemic disease (diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS) are (p=0.007) and a correlation between xerostomia and duration of treatment (p=0.024). The correlation between candidiasis and systemic disease (p=0.024). The correlation between angular cheilitis and age, sex, duration of treatment, systemic disease, and Multi-Drug Resistant therapy (p>0.05). The clinical manifestations of oral Tuberculosis are xerostomia, candidiasis, and angular cheilitis. Conclusion: The duration of treatment and the systemic diseases are associated with xerostomia and candidiasis in the oral cavity of TB patients.

Toxicity and application of nano-silver in multi-drug resistant therapy

Nano-silver toxicity is a major challenge in the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The level of nanotoxicity varies according to the size, shape, surface charge and cellular uptake. The size of nanoparticles influences their interaction and reactivity with cell membranes. Silver nanoparticles were investigated for the broad-spectrum antibacterial activities, especially against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present scenario, pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors are facing the challenges of the continuous increase in multidrug-resistant human pathogenic microbes. The development of multidrug resistance has become a global issue with serious consequences in the management of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. For the multi-drug resistant therapy, various combinations of antibiotics were used with silver nanoparticles. This review discusses the nanotoxicity and bactericidal potential of silver nanoparticles against the multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Bacteriocin encapsulation for food and pharmaceutical applications: advances in the past 20years.

The encapsulation of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria has involved several methods to protect them from unfavourable environmental conditions and incompatibilities. This review encompasses different methods for the encapsulation of bacteriocins and their applications in both food and pharmaceutical fields. Based on the bibliometric analysis of publications from well-reputed journals including different available patents during the period from 1996 to 2017, 135 articles and 60 patents were collected. Continent-wise contributions to the bacteriocins encapsulation research were carried out by America (52%), Asia (29%) and Europe (19%); with the United States of America, Brazil, Thailand and Italy the countries with major contributions. Till date, different methods proposed for encapsulation have been (i) Film coatings (50%), (ii) Liposomes (23%), (iii) Nanofibers (22%) and (iv) Nanoparticles (4%). Bacteriocins encapsulation methods frequently carried out in food protection (70%); while in the pharmaceutical field, 30% of the research was conducted on multi drug resistant therapy.

Ceritinib Enhances the Efficacy of Substrate Chemotherapeutic Agent in Human ABCB1-Overexpressing Leukemia Cells In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex-Vivo

Background/Aims: Multidrug resistance (MDR) triggered by ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, is a key obstacle for successful cancer chemotherapy. There is currently no FDA-approved MDR modulator that can be used in clinic. Ceritinib, a selective ALK inhibitor, has been approved as the second-line treatment for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we examined the role of ceritinib in leukemia associated MDR in therapy. Methods: The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of cell surface protein and to detect the accumulation and efflux of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) or doxorubicin (Dox) in cells. The RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the gene expression and protein expression levels, respectively. Results: We found that ceritinib enhanced the efficacy of substrate chemotherapeutic agent in ABCB1-overexpressing K562/adr leukemia cells both in vitro and in vivo models, but neither in sensitive parental K562 leukemia cells nor in ABCC1-overexpressing HL-60/adr leukemia cells. Mechanistically, ceritinib significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Rh123 or Dox but did neither alter ABCB1 expressions at both protein and mRNA levels nor block the phosphorylations of AKT and ERK1/2 at the concentration of MDR reversal. Importantly, ceritinib also increased the intracellular accumulation of Dox and enhanced the efficacy of Dox in primary leukemia cells in ex-vivo. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ceritinib enhanced the efficacy of substrate chemotherapeutic agent on inhibition of leukemia cell growth in vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo, which linked to block ABCB1 function, pumping out its substrate conventional chemotherapeutic agent, thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation. These suggest the combination of ceritinib and substrate chemotherapeutic drugs maybe an effective treatment of resistant leukemia patients with ABCB1-mediated MDR.