Excess curcumin causes cytotoxicity of its nanoconjugate with nanoceria.

The Multikinase Inhibitor Midostaurin Mitigates Loss of Intercellular Adhesion and Skin Blistering in Pemphigus Vulgaris.

Mutual oral administration of wood/plastic smoke PM and heavy metals Pb2+/Cd2+: General toxicity effects and ACE2 expression in rats.

Distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from Korean native cattle.

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis with multisystemic involvement. Musculoskeletal manifestations are common but usually present as a non- erosive arthritis affecting peripheral joints. Shoulder arthritis, particularly with erosive changes, is extremely rare in BD and remains poorly documented. Objectives: This case highlights the importance of considering shoulder involvement in BD, especially when pain persists despite conventional treatments. The presence of glenohumeral joint erosion is particularly unusual in BD, raising diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. US played a pivotal role in detecting early inflammatory changes and guiding the intervention, underlining its value in managing inflammatory shoulder pain. Methods: We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a 23-year history of BD, predominantly affecting her skin and mucous membranes, who presented with persistent right shoulder pain with limited range of motion and positive impingement signs. Results: Standard radiographs were normal, but ultrasonography (US) demonstrated synovitis, inflammatory tenosynovitis, a thickness tendon tear, and an erosion of the humeral head. The patient underwent an ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection, leading to significant pain relief and functional improvement, followed by a rehabilitation program.

Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption (RIME) is a parainfectious condition characterized by lesions on mucous membranes (oral, genital, and ocular) and, less frequently, skin involvement. It differs from other similar diseases, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and DRESS syndrome, in that the trigger is an infection, the course is more benign, and skin involvement is less common. We present two clinical cases with skin lesions compatible with RIME syndrome in 12-year-old males with a history of infectious symptoms. We believe it is important to recognize this entity to appropriately conduct the differential diagnosis between these conditions.

The study aims to evaluate the characteristics of horses’ infestation with gasterophilosis, as well as the effectiveness of restorative measures following the administration of anthelmintic drugs. Gasterophilosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larvae of flies of the genus Gasterophilus, which damage the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines, disrupt digestive processes, reduce overall productivity, and weaken immune indicators. During the study, horses were kept on pasture and in fattening conditions, and upon detection of gasterophilosis, comprehensive restorative therapy was applied. The interventions included dietary correction, vitamin and mineral supplements, as well as specialized therapy aimed at restoring metabolism. As a result, a clear positive dynamic was observed in metabolic, hematological, and immunobiochemical parameters. These findings provide a scientific basis for effective methods of restoring horses after parasitic diseases, their practical application in farming, and contribute to increased productivity in animal husbandry.

ABSTRACTHomozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ITGB4 gene are associated with the pathogenesis of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, characterized by increased fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. The prenatal diagnosis of this condition continues to represent a rare occurrence and a significant clinical challenge. A pregnant woman in her third decade underwent second‐trimester screening, which revealed elevated alpha‐fetoprotein levels, suggestive of a high risk for open neural tube defects. Comprehensive ultrasonographic evaluation revealed multiple fetal anomalies, including bilateral agenesis of the auricular structures, a shortened nasal bone, a flattened nasal tip, cutaneous disruptions in the abdominal and gluteal regions, and cystic fluid accumulation around the external genitalia. Amniocentesis was performed at 20 weeks of gestation to obtain amniotic fluid for genetic analysis. Family based whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in the ITGB4 gene (c.794dupC, c.1882delG) inherited parents, with the c.1882delG variant being a novel mutation not previously documented. Elevated maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels may represent a promising biomarker for the prenatal screening of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. This study reports a novel frameshift mutation in the ITGB4 gene, thereby expanding the known mutational spectrum of this disorder.

The article presents data from a clinical case that illustrates potential complications of COVID-19, in particular thrombotic phenomena in the skin and soft tissues, which can lead to necrosis even in the long term. Timely detection and comprehensive treatment provide a chance to avoid deep cicatricial facial deformities. The COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which has emerged in recent years, leads to a number of complications in various organs and systems, in the pathogenesis of which the determining factors are reduced immunity and circulatory disorders. Recently, there have been reports of complications in the maxillofacial region, such as osteonecrosis of the jaws, damage to the mucous membrane, cases of deformation of the facial bones, osteomyelitis, thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses, as well as a tendency to increase in the number of malignant tumors of the maxillofacial region. The aim of the work was to demonstrate a clinical case of facial skin necrosis in a patient who had COVID-19, to improve the diagnostic process, and raise awareness of possible rare complications of coronavirus infection. A clinical case of a patient who was admitted to the Department of Surgical Dentistry from the Intensive Care Unit with complaints of a facial wound that appeared after surgery for extensive swelling of the skin of the right half of the face is described. The COVID-19 test was positive. In a few days, the patient experienced progression of skin and subcutaneous fat necrosis, which led to a soft tissue defect. After the treatment, including surgical interventions and drug therapy, the patient's condition improved. The literature review also addressed the mechanisms of COVID-19 complications, including vasculitis, microthrombosis, and the effect on the immune system, which contribute to the development of necrotic changes. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of COVID-19 complications, especially rare manifestations such as skin necrosis, are important to prevent further progression of the pathological process and improve the prognosis for the patient. Close monitoring of patients who have had COVID-19, especially those with risk factors, is key to early detection and effective management of such complications. A 69-year-old patient was admitted to the Department of Surgical Dentistry from the Intensive Care Unit with complaints of a facial wound that developed following surgery for extensive swelling of the skin on the right side of the face. The COVID-19 test was positive. A few days after admission, despite ongoing antibacterial therapy, the wound became covered with extensive necrotic tissue without signs of spontaneous rejection. Due to the size of the affected area, a two-stage necrectomy was performed, followed by free skin grafting harvested from the anterior thigh. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the grafted skin flaps successfully integrated. The patient was discharged for continued follow-up under the care of a family doctor.

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by pale treponema, transmitted mainly through sexual contact (STDs). The disease is characterized by lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, nervous and musculoskeletal systems; in addition, it is characterized by a staged, recurrent and progressive course. Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with serological resistance, which is characterized by persistent positive non-treponemal tests without a tendency to decrease antibody titers for 12 months after adequate therapy. Serological resistance leads to rapid disability of patients or their death. The aim of this research was to study the factors of seroresistance formation in patients with syphilis who have undergone a full course of specific therapy with various drugs in the Yakutsk Republic’s Dermatovenerological Dispensary. The study covered 57 patients with seroresistance in the period 2002–2024. Thus, the prevalence of seroresistance among patients with syphilis in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) made 0.5 %. The average age was 41 + 12.9 years; by gender, women predominated with 57.1 %. As a primary diagnosis in patients with seroresistance, latent early syphilis with 66.7 % predominated. Serological resistance formed on average after 28 months. Primary treatment of patients with syphilis with reserve drugs from the group of the 3rd generation cephalosporins was received by 59.6 % of the patients, and with penicillin drugs – 40.4 %. Almost the same data were obtained in the treatment of the patients with serological resistance, which amounted to 60 % and 40 %, respectively. In the structure of concomitant diseases, viral hepatitis was noted in 7 %, STIs – in 3.5 %, HIV – in 1.8 % of the patients.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of dentofacial pathology in the development of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.The subject of the study is the functional state of the kallikrein-kinin system in chronic gastritis, chronic gastroduodenitis in the presence of pathology of the dentofacial system in patients.In the examined 84 sick children, aged from 3 to 16 years, simultaneously with dental pathology (caries, various developmental anomalies) diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (chronic gastritis, chronic gastroduodenitis) were detected. In the oral fluid and blood serum of patients, changes in the indicators of the kallikreinkinin system were found, which were in direct correlation with the severity of dental pathology, which influenced the development of more pronounced inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Functional disorders of the kallikreinkinin system may be a compensatory reaction that provides a decrease in the secretory activity of the stomach.Keywords: dentofacial system, chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis, kallikreinkinin system.

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SSD) is a severe delayed systemic allergic reaction, which is a severe variant of erythema multiforme, with damage to the skin and mucous membranes of at least two organs. The cause of the development of SSD is the intake of certain medications, an acute infectious process or reactivation of a latent infection. The high mortality rate in this syndrome makes this condition life-threatening. The article presents a clinical case of SSD with a favourable outcome in a child with focal epilepsy, against the background of an infection, taking two antiepileptic drugs and polypragmasia in the treatment of pneumonia.

Introduction: Spirochetes of Leptospira spp. are responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection that affects various animal species, particularly canines. The present study aimed to report the detailed clinical presentation, management, post-mortem examinations, and histopathological findings of a 5-year-old male Boerboel dog displaying signs of acute illness, including anorexia, constipation, and emesis. Case report: The dog was presented to the small animal clinic, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Systems, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. Initial physical examinations revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and constipation; laxatives and enemas were administered. The dog’s condition worsened, and then an exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a distended, obstructed intestine. Post-surgical care included antimicrobial and fluid therapy; however, the dog died a few days after the surgery. Necropsy revealed significant findings, including fatty liver, haemorrhagic enteritis, and lymphadenomegaly. Histopathological findings of the liver exhibited moderate hepatic lipidosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cholestasis. Renal samples exhibited interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration. Reactive changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues were observed in the intestinal samples. The polymerase chain reaction result for the Leptospira 16S rRNA gene was positive in the liver, confirming the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis.Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in suspected cases of leptospirosis. The combination of clinical assessment, post-mortem findings, histopathological evaluation, and molecular diagnostics provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease process and emphasized the need for increased awareness and improved management strategies for canine leptospirosis in veterinary practice.

Wound-healing agents are an important component of complex therapy for mechanical, thermal, and chemical injuries of the skin and mucous membranes. Among them, methyluracil occupies a leading position due to its pronounced reparative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating activity. Its pharmacological effect is linked to the stimulation of nucleic acid production, enhancement of epithelial cell and fibroblast proliferation, as well as the promotion of granulation tissue development and epithelialization. On the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market, there are both domestic and imported preparations of methyluracil; however, differences in synthesis technology and purification degree may determine variations in clinical efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the wound-healing effects of methyluracil obtained from two different production sources (India and Ukraine) using a full-thickness stencil wound еxperimental wound model using rats. The experiment was carried out on 24 rats, which were allocated into 4 groups of 6 animals each: Group I – control pathology; Group II – animals treated with the test sample (TS) of methyluracil produced in Ukraine; Group III – animals treated with TS Methyluracil (India); Group IV (comparison group) – animals treated with “Levomekol” ointment. Effectiveness was assessed by wound healing dynamics, lesion area, repair rate, and the percentage of animals with complete healing. Prior to the experiment, the animals underwent a 7-day acclimatization period. Animal care complied with GLP principles and relevant recommendations. Healing of experimental wounds in animals was accompanied by a typical inflammatory response manifested by hyperemia and edema during the first days. In the control group, on day 3, intense exudate secretion with signs of secondary infection was observed. Scarring in control animals occurred between days 15–21. The results showed that application of the test samples of methyluracil (India and Ukraine) ensured earlier onset of granulation tissue formation and epithelialization compared to the control and reference groups. In the methyluracil-treated groups (India and Ukraine), scarring was observed between days 6–11, with complete epithelialization in 100 % of animals by day 18. Meanwhile, in the comparison group (treated with Levomekol ointment), scarring started on day 11, and complete epithelialization was achieved by day 18. Thus, the use of TS Methyluracil (India) and TS Methyluracil (Ukraine) ensured an earlier onset of reparative processes compared to both the control and reference groups. Surgical wound application and anesthesia did not cause animal deaths. However, stress and pain reaction led to temporary appetite loss, resulting in body weight reduction after 7 days. By day 14, however, all groups demonstrated positive weight gain, with no significant intergroup differences. The study confirmed that methyluracil (India and Ukraine) in a full-thickness stencil wound rat model exhibited a pronounced wound-healing effect. Its use contributed to suppression of the inflammatory response, reduction of infection risk, and accelerated wound defect closure, justifying the feasibility of further pharmacological studies.

Background and Objectives: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG au-toantibodies against desmoglein 1 and/or desmoglein 3, leading to flaccid blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. The course of PV during pregnancy represents a special clinical challenge due to immunological changes accompanying physiological immunosuppression and the need to protect the developing fetus. Materials and Methods: To analyze the current state of knowledge, a literature review was performed covering the years 2015–2025. Publications describing PV diagnosed during pregnancy or in neonates were screened, and nine case reports discussing ten patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for detailed analysis. In this study, we also present our own clinical case of PV in pregnancy to complement the literature review and provide practical insight into disease management. Results: In most cases, the disease was diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the most common symptoms were flaccid blisters and erosions of the oral mucosa. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and ELISA testing. The first-line treatment remained systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS), mainly prednisolone, which is considered the safest. In resistant cases, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were used, which were considered effective and safe, though their use may limit the transplacental transfer of autoantibodies to the fetus. In newborns, the symptoms rarely occurred, were mild, and resolved spontaneously. Drugs with proven teratogenic effects, such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil, are contraindicated during pregnancy. In the case of rituximab therapy, it is recommended to postpone pregnancy for at least 12 months after the completion of treatment to minimize the potential risk of immunosuppression in the newborn. Conclusions: The treatment of PV during pregnancy requires close interdisciplinary cooperation. Therapy should be carefully individualized, taking into account both therapeutic efficacy and fetal safety. Perhaps then, pregnancy-related pemphigus diseases, given their peculiarities, should be classified as a distinct variety within the desmosomal type of autoimmune blistering diseases.

Introduction Hereditary angioedema is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of edema in the skin and mucous membranes caused by a quantitative or qualitative defect in the C1 inhibitor, with a consequent exaggerated production of bradykinin. This clinical case presents the evolution and treatment of a patient with type III hereditary angioedema, initially diagnosed as type II. Presentation of the Case A 70-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and depression. She presented her first episode of angioedema in 1994 followed by multiple hospitalizations for facial angioedema and respiratory distress. Laboratory studies in 2017 revealed a C4 level of 3 mg/dl, normal C1q, and decreased functional C1 inhibitor (25%), leading to the diagnosis of hereditary angioedema type II. During a critical episode in 2020, orotracheal intubation (IOT) was required; endovenous C1 inhibitor had no effect, so icatibant was administered showing a good response. Upon further monitoring, C1 inhibitor and C4 values normalized, changing the diagnosis to hereditary angioedema type III, which made obtaining medication even more difficult. The patient continued to experience increasingly frequent angioedema attacks, requiring a large number of icatibant syringes. As of March 2025, prophylactic treatment with lanadelumab was initiated, resulting in the absence of angioedema crises up to date. Discussion This case highlights the importance of an accurate diagnosis in hereditary angioedema disorders, as effective treatment depends on it. The transition from type II to type III diagnosis highlights the need for ongoing evaluation in acquired or genetic undiagnosed cases. The introduction of lanadelumab has proven to be an effective therapeutic option, significantly improving the quality of life of a patient with type III hereditary angioedema.

rganophosphorus compoundsare widely used in agriculture as insecticides and acaricides. However, their improper use or violation of safety regulations can lead to animal poisoning. This study is devoted to the investigation of pathological and histopathological changes in dog that died as a result of acute organophosphorus poisoning.The object of the study was the carcass of a dog submitted for veterinary-sanitary examination. The necropsy revealed typical macroscopic signs: pronounced rigor mortis, cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes, hyperemia and pulmonary edema, multiple hemorrhages under serous membranes, in muscles and mucous membranes, as well as erosive and ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. The liver, kidneys, and heart also showed signs of dystrophy and congestion.Histological examination confirmed the presence of edema, hemorrhages, and dystrophic and necrotic changes in the tissues of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and myocardium. Inflammatory and necrotic processes were observed in the stomach and intestines. The identified morphological changes correlate with the known mechanism of toxic action of organophosphorus compounds, which is based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and disruption of vital organ functions.The obtained results can be used in veterinary diagnostics, forensic examinations, and in the development of preventive measures and the safe application of organophosphorus compounds in animal husbandry.

Background. The aim is to demonstrate the features of diagnosis and surgical treatment in case of odontogenic phlegmon of the neck with abscess of the pterygoid space and submandibular area on the right, complicated by anterior superior and posterior superior mediastinitis. Materials and methods. Patient S., 38 years old, first noticed an acute toothache in the lower jaw on the right, did not seek help, took painkillers on his own. After 3 days, he noticed an increase in swelling of the soft tissues of the submandibular area and the anterior surface of the neck. Pain when swallowing and swelling increased, the patient did not seek help. The next day, he went to the emergency department of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region and was hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery. The diagnosis was odontogenic phlegmon of the neck with abscess of the pterygoid space and submandibular area on the right, complicated by anterior superior and posterior superior mediastinitis. Exacerbation of chronic periodontitis of teeth 47, 48. Chronic bronchitis, remission stage. The patient was admitted in a serious stable condition. Objectively: mouth opening is limited to 1 cm. The mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth and the pterygoid space is hyperemic, swollen. The skin of the anterior surface of the neck and submandibular area is swollen, hyperemic, and does not fold. Intraorally, a destroyed tooth 48 was visualized, the mucous membrane of the pterygoid space and the floor of the mouth was swollen and hyperemic. The following laboratory tests were performed: general clinical blood tests, urine tests, biochemical blood tests, blood coagulogram. Spiral computed tomography of the head, neck, chest and abdominal organs, pelvis with and without contrast was conducted. Surgical treatment on the day of hospitalization was performed in the following scope: removal of teeth 47, 48. Opening and drainage of the pterygoid space on the right. Opening and drainage of the submandibular space on the right. Right-sided colotomy. Opening of phlegmon of the neck on the right. Retropharyngeal space drainage, retroesophageal space drainage, posterior superior mediastinal drainage, anterior superior mediastinal drainage. Results. A complete blood count revealed leukocytosis. Spiral computed tomography of the neck and chest demonstrated signs of odontogenic phlegmon of the neck with abscess of the pterygoid space and submandibular area on the right, complicated by anterior superior and posterior superior mediastinitis. The final diagnosis was established: odontogenic phlegmon of the neck with abscess of the pterygoid space and submandibular area on the right, complicated by anterior superior and posterior superior mediastinitis. Exacerbation of chronic periodontitis of teeth 47, 48. Chronic bronchitis, remission stage. Surgical intervention was performed: removal of teeth 47,48. Opening and drainage of the pterygoid space on the right. Opening and drainage of the submandibular space on the right. Right-sided colotomy. Opening of the phlegmon of the neck on the right. Retropharyngeal space drainage, retroesophageal space drainage, posterior superior media­stinal drainage, anterior superior mediastinal drainage. The surgery lasted 1 hour and 55 minutes. The day after the surgery, the patient was transferred to the next stage of treatment with improvement, in a stable condition, under medical sedation on a ventilator. Subsequently, the drains were removed on the 6th and 8th day, and on the 12th day after the first surgery, the patient had secondary sutures applied, which were removed after 10 days. The total length of stay in the hospital was 22 days. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition. Conclusions. Odontogenic phlegmons of the neck are an important clinical problem resulting from the spread of infection from the oral cavity to the surroun­ding tissues of the neck. This disease requires immediate diagnostic intervention and timely treatment, as it can lead to serious complications, such as mediastinitis. Mediastinitis as a complication of odontogenic phlegmon of the neck is an extremely dangerous condition that carries a high risk to the patient’s life. Early detection of this complication is critical for effective treatment and prevention of severe consequences, such as sepsis, pericarditis, or respiratory failure. Treatment of odontogenic phlegmon of the neck complicated by mediastinitis should be comprehensive and include broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage, and intensive care to support the patient’s vital functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the epizootiological situation of nematodirosis in lambs under pasture conditions in the West Kazakhstan region using a combination of morphological, coprological, and histological methods.Nematodirosis is one of the most significant parasitic diseases causing considerable damage to sheep farming, especially among young animals, leading to reduced productivity, stunted growth, diarrhea, and mortality.The study was conducted in 2024 in the Zhanibek district on the farms “Moldir” and “Nurbergen.” The study focused on lambs aged 1.5-3 months. A total of 50 animals were examined. In 21 of them (32.8%), eggs of Nematodirus spathigerwere detected by coprological analysis using the Fulleborn method. Cases of combined infections with coccidia of the genus Eimeriawere also noted.Clinically, infected animals showed symptoms of watery diarrhea, depression, growth retardation, and dehydration. Death occurred within 2-3 days without treatment. Pathological autopsy using the Shore method revealed inflammatory changes in the proximal small intestine, edema and hyperemia of the mucous membrane, as well as the presence of a large number of nematodes in the lumen. A complete helminthological autopsy according to K.I.Sryabin allowed quantitative confirmation of the invasion.Histological analysis showed shortening and destruction of villi, infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes and eosinophils, as well as degenerative changes in epithelial cells. Reduced activity of brush enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, maltase) was detected, indicating the development of malabsorption syndrome.The data obtained emphasize the need for systematic monitoring and prevention of nematode infections in young sheep under pasture conditions, with mandatory consideration of mixed infections and age susceptibility of animals.

INTRODUCTION . Developing high-dose interferon-based medicinal products (MPs) is particularly relevant for effective causal treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, and COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Inhalation drops both act directly on mucous membranes and stimulate powerful immune response and increased safety profile. In 2021, a new medicinal product, interferon alpha-2b-based inhalation drops, was developed to treat influenza and acute respiratory viral infections of various aetiologies. AIM . This study aimed to assess preclinical efficacy, subchronic toxicity, and toxicokinetics of a new MP based on interferon alpha-2b and administered by inhalation. MATERIALS AND METHODS . The new MP is based on human recombinant interferon alpha-2b. Its efficacy was studied on female BALB/c mice. The animals inhaled 3 mL of the investigational product for 10 minutes twice a day for 8 days. Animals were infected with A(H1N1)pdm2009 on Day 2 of inhalation. The dynamics of body weight and mortality, as well as influenza titre in the murine lung tissues, were evaluated 4 days after infection. MP toxicity was studied on white non-linear rats of both sexes. MP was administered using an inhaler once a day for 7 weeks at doses exceeding human therapeutic dose by 5.3 and 53 times. Pathomorphological and histopathological examination was performed on Days 29 and 43 of administration. Haematological and biochemical blood parameters, heart rate, and behavioural functions were measured prior to administration, 4 weeks into administration, and 2 weeks after the last administration. Toxicokinetics was studied on satellite groups of male rats; administration scheme was similar to toxicity studies. RESULTS . Experiments showed that inhalation of investigational product at 923,000 IU/kg/day twice a day for 8 days inhibited A(H1N1)pdm2009 replication in the murine lungs, significantly reduced animal mortality and weight loss, and increased animal life expectancy 1.35–1.5-fold. The study doses showed no pronounced toxic, local irritant or systemic effect. CONCLUSIONS . The inhalation investigational product has shown its efficacy and safety in preclinical studies on rodents.