Moving Point Target Detection Research Articles

Time-Domain Measurement Data Accumulation for Slow Moving Point Target Detection in Heavily Cluttered Environments Using CNN

In modern radars, the target detection probability is increased by lowering the detection threshold via signal processing to detect a point target with a small radar cross-section value. However, a lower threshold increases the number of false targets. In the conventional tracking method, which uses a general tracking filter, the measurement data between scans should be compared. Therefore, for a large amount of acquired measurement data, the computational complexity can be reduced by accumulating the acquired measurement data over time, recognizing the target movement as a pattern, and training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Here, we propose a method to create a desired target scenario by transfer learning and estimate the target position using the activation map of a binary detector CNN model. The model can detect a target using the actual acquired radar data, and the processing time remains constant, regardless of the number of false alarms.

Moving Point Target Detection Based on Temporal Transient Disturbance Learning in Low SNR

Moving target detection in optical remote sensing is important for satellite surveillance and space target monitoring. Here, a new moving point target detection framework under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that uses an end-to-end network (1D-ResNet) to learn the distribution features of transient disturbances in the temporal profile (TP) formed by a target passing through a pixel is proposed. First, we converted the detection of the point target in the image into the detection of transient disturbance in the TP and established mathematical models of different TP types. Then, according to the established mathematical models of TP, we generated the simulation TP dataset to train the 1D-ResNet. In 1D-ResNet, the structure of CBR-1D (Conv1D, BatchNormalization, ReLU) was designed to extract the features of transient disturbance. As the transient disturbance is very weak, we used several skip connections to prevent the loss of features in the deep layers. After the backbone, two LBR (Linear, BatchNormalization, ReLU) modules were used for further feature extraction to classify TP and identify the locations of transient disturbances. A multitask weighted loss function to ensure training convergence was proposed. Sufficient experiments showed that this method effectively detects moving point targets with a low SNR and has the highest detection rate and the lowest false alarm rate compared to other benchmark methods. Our method also has the best detection efficiency.

Dim Moving Point Target Detection in Cloud Clutter Scenes Based on Temporal Profile Learning

This letter presents an approach for detecting dim moving point targets in cloud clutter scenes based on temporal profile learning. The main idea is that a weak transient disturbance will appear in the temporal profiles of target-present pixels, changing the temporal profile’s characteristics. We propose a novel signal-to-signal network to learn the temporal characteristics of the background and the clutter, in which the transient disturbance is extracted by the residual between the input signal and the reconstructed background and clutter signal. The structure of the ConvBlock-1D is designed to enhance the flow and propagation of features in layers. A loss function is proposed to solve the imbalance problem. We provided a comparison to other widely used methods by using simulated datasets and real-world image sequences. The experimental results demonstrate that our method has the best performance in terms of the qualitative and quantitative assessments.

Infrared moving point target detection using a spatial-temporal filter

Infrared point target detection technology has widely applications, such as in tracking and surveillance system. In this paper, an moving point target detection method is proposed to detect targets from infrared sequence images. Firstly, a modified spatial-temporal total variation model is proposed for background prediction. Then the subtraction image is obtained by subtracting the predicted background from the corresponding sequence image. Finally, the target can be detected from the result that the product of the subtraction image and a temporal contrast filter. The effectiveness of the modified spatial-temporal filter on infrared moving point targets detection is verified by detecting targets from different infrared sequence images.

Spatial-temporal local contrast for moving point target detection in space-based infrared imaging system

Infrared (IR) moving point target detection is an important technique in many onboard applications such as remote sensing, IR searching and tracking (IRST) and early warning system. However, it has been facing great challenges due to the complicated background and the limited processing resources in the onboard system. In this paper, a novel spatial-temporal local contrast method is proposed for moving point target detection in space-based IR imaging system. Firstly, a simple but effective spatial filter based on multi-direction filtering fusion is designed to obtain the spatial local contrast map (SLCM). An enhanced time domain difference method is also proposed to obtain the temporal local contrast map (TLCM). Then, the spatial–temporal local contrast map (STLCM) is obtained by multiplying the newly defined SLCM and TLCM. Finally, an enhanced threshold segmentation method is proposed for target detection and false alarm suppression. To verify the performance of our detection algorithm, we conduct several groups of experiments on four different real IR image sequences with simulated targets. The final experimental results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms other methods in terms of background suppression and target detection.

Infrared moving point target detection based on an anisotropic spatial-temporal fourth-order diffusion filter

Infrared moving point target detection is a challenging task in infrared tracking systems. In this paper, an anisotropic spatial-temporal fourth-order diffusion filter (ASTFDF) is proposed for background prediction from infrared frame images. Using it, we can detect infrared point targets by subtracting the predicted background from the original image. Experiments in detecting targets from several different infrared image frame sequences indicated that the proposed ASTFDF can predict the background effectively and that the target can be detected precisely while achieving a higher background suppression factor (BSF) and signal-to-clutter ratio gain (SCRG) compared with state-of-the-art methods.

Infrared moving point target detection based on spatial–temporal local contrast filter

Infrared moving point target detection is a challenging task. In this paper, we define a novel spatial local contrast (SLC) and a novel temporal local contrast (TLC) to enhance the target’s contrast. Based on the defined spatial local contrast and temporal local contrast, we propose a simple but powerful spatial–temporal local contrast filter (STLCF) to detect moving point target from infrared image sequences. In order to verify the performance of spatial–temporal local contrast filter on detecting moving point target, different detection methods are used to detect the target from several infrared image sequences for comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed spatial–temporal local contrast filter has great superiority in moving point target detection.

Hough transform relative to a four-dimensional parameter space for the detection of constant velocity target

We present a novel Hough transform method for moving point target detection by using a 4-D parameter space. A new representation, which uses four parameters (the distance variable , the angle variable , the velocity variable v, and the distance variable S), is proposed for constant velocity target in the 3-D observation space X-Y-T. By estimating velocity, a target trajectory can be transformed into a 4-D parameter space with a limited range of projection options. Our simulation and analysis show that the new algorithm can produce positive results in suppressing noise points with less computational cost.

Clutter suppression algorithm based on bidirectional local binary pattern for moving point target detection in infrared image sequences

A clutter suppression algorithm called the rectification filter with indications of bidirectional local binary patterns (BDLBP-RF) is proposed as a resolution to the problem of detecting dim targets in infrared (IR) image sequences. First of all, a local binary pattern (LBP) operator with properties of grayscale and rotation invariance is introduced in the application of clutter suppression. Each pixel in the image is estimated by its spatial neighbor pixels and the corresponding LBPs in prior and posterior frames. The approach proposed is based on a spatiotemporal process, in which interframe and intraframe properties of the IR image sequence are both taken into account. The method is evaluated by the comparative experiments, and the LBP operator's optimum values of radius and number of neighbors are discussed. The results of the experiment prove that BDLBP-RF has excellent performance and stability in clutter suppression under various situations. The target point in images processed by our approach received high signal-to-clutter ratio gain, and the detectability of the target is enhanced.

基于时空联合滤波技术的缓慢运动红外弱小目标检测算法

基于时空联合滤波技术的缓慢运动红外弱小目标检测算法

Clutter Suppression Method Based on Spatiotemporal Anisotropic Diffusion for Moving Point Target Detection in IR Image Sequence

This paper deals with the problem of moving point target detection against cluttered background in infrared image sequence. In this area, clutter suppression is a critical issue because of high false alarm rate caused by complicated clutter. Here the three-dimensional spatiotemporal anisotropic diffusion model, in which inter-frame diffusion takes place as well as intra-frame diffusion, is investigated and a moving point target detection method based on this model is presented with the hope of improvement of clutter suppression performance. The method is evaluated and the optimum values of its parameter on different conditions are found by comparative experiments. The image sequences used in the experiments are generated by using available real-world infrared images and simulated moving point targets. Experimental results show that the method performs well under cluttered situations and enhances the detectability of moving point targets.

Superresolution reconstruction for moving point target detection

When bright moving objects are viewed with an electrooptical system at long range, they appear as small, slightly blurred moving points in the recorded image sequence. Typically, such point targets need to be detected in an early stage. However, in some scenarios the background of a scene may contain much structure, which makes it difficult to detect a point target. The novelty of this work is that superresolution reconstruction is used for suppression of the background. With superresolution reconstruction a high-resolution estimate of the background, without aliasing artifacts due to undersampling, is obtained. After applying a camera model and subtraction, this will result in difference images containing only the point target and temporal noise. In our experiments, based on realistic scenarios, the detection performance, after background suppression using superresolution reconstruction, is compared with the detection performance of a common background suppression method. It is shown that using the proposed method, for an equal detection-to-false-alarm ratio, the signal strength of a point target can be up to 4 times smaller. This implies that a point target can be detected at a longer range