Indian Movement Research Articles

Contribution of Banasthali Vidyapith in fit India movement: A step towards healthy India

Contribution of Banasthali Vidyapith in fit India movement: A step towards healthy India

EVERYDAY HATE ON FACEBOOK: VISUAL MISOGYNY AND THE ANTI-FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN INDIA

The #metoo movement has been one of the key social movements which has ushered in a change in structural relations in the society. In the Indian context, the movement has meant giving a powerful platform to women address generations of sexual assault in the Indian society. However, the #metoo movement has also witnessed a counter-response from the growing online ‘men’s rights activists’ (MRA) community. This study focuses on the online presence of MRA movement in India and the practice of everyday visual misogyny on their Facebook pages. I specifically focus on the public Facebook page of Save Indian Family Movement. The paper focuses on visual posts like images in form of memes and distorted news clips shared on their public page with the aim of capturing visual misogyny. The selection criteria were to manually collect all posts with an image for a duration of three months (17 October, 2022 – 21 January, 2023). I focus on this timeframe to cover the three months after Justice Chandrachud--who is not seen favourably amongst the MRA community for his progressive judgements --was appointed as the new Chief Justice of India. The dataset of images only contains either memes or cartoons or news clips. I employ an iterative multimodal critical discourse analysis approach to analyse the visual posts and categorise them based on the schema of explicit and implicit misogyny developed by Strathern and Pfeffer (2022). The findings suggest majority of the visual posts fall within the implicit misogyny category.

Forgotten Flames of Bravery: Unsung Heroes of Inidia’s Struggle for Freedom

Every Individual in India knows about a country’s struggle story for freedom. India was ruled by several European powers from time to time, i.e., Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danish and France. The most recent rulers were the British rulers, and they ruled for a long time. Indian freedom fighters had a dream of removing British rule. The Indian freedom fighters were the brave-hearted souls who did not think twice about sacrificing themselves and liberating us from the British rule. It is because of these brave souls that we are living happily and peacefully in an independent nation, so as a responsible citizen it is our duty to discuss these freedom fighters who fought our future. There were possibly thousands of unsung Heroes of the freedom movement in India. Thus, India’s independence would not have been possible without sacrifices and struggles made by freedom fighters. Aside From Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, Bhagat Singh. Rani Laxmi Bai, many hidden gems have given their lives to make our nation free from the British Raj.

Demographic Insights Into College-Going Students in India: A Morphological Analysis

Introduction: In the context of India's diverse culture and changing education system, it is crucial to understand the morphological characteristics of college students, especially with the government actively supporting sports through initiatives like the "Khelo India" program to aid young athletes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of college-level athletes and non-athletes in India. Methods: 287 college students have been randomly selected to acquire a comprehensive set of demographic and anthropometric data. Results: The study revealed significant differences in body mass index (p=0.004), endomorphy (p=0.001), ectomorphy (p=0.02), and body fat percentage (p=0.001). However, no significant difference in mesomorphy (p=0.09) was identified, and only minimal differences in fat-free mass (p=0.57) were observed. College-level athletes exhibit an ectomorphic-mesomorphic physique (2.9-3.9-3.0), characterized by a distinct blend of muscularity and leanness. Non-athletes are mesomorphic-endomorphs (5.0-4.3-2.4), exhibiting higher body fat content and muscularity. Athletes had a significantly lower body fat percentage, highlighting the positive influence of sports training and regular physical exercise on reducing adiposity. The analysis of percentile rankings provides comprehensive insights into the distribution of anthropometric metrics among athletes and non-athletes, assisting in customizing training regimens, identifying areas for potential improvement, and enhancing a comprehensive assessment of individuals' physical characteristics. Conclusion: The study sheds light on the crucial role of morphological traits in discerning differences between college-level athletes and non-athletes within the broader context of the "Fit India Movement." The study will help design an effective training module to improve the overall health of college students.

Impact of Sufi Movement on Socio-religious Life During the Medieval Period: Rise and Spread of Sufism Movement in India

Sufism develops the esoteric and exoteric dimensions of spiritual practice to establish deep devotion, love as passion; Instead of Namaz, Hajj and celibacy, poetry, song and dance, worship and turning away from God are the norm. Like the Bhakti movement, the Sufi movement also came into its effective form in the medieval period, although its background can be seen only in the seventh-eighth century. Similarly, like the Bhakti movement, the Sufi movement was not an attempt to establish any new religion but was a peaceful campaign of Islam.

University and resistance: New state and new struggles

Resistance movements in India have often found support and sustenance within universities that have offered profound association, critical engagement, expertise, camaraderie, and, in some cases, even leadership. Working within the structural confines of statism, nationalism and global capitalism, universities have managed to advance critical instruction, pedagogical innovations, and political resistance. This dialectical relationship between the university and society emphasizes the position of educators as inextricably linked to the social production of labor power. With the power to equip students, teachers not only become conduits of emancipatory knowledge but also have the power to politicize students and transform the classroom into spaces of resistance against capitalism, that has consistently emphasized education as a commodity. As a result, universities have offered and preserved crucial spaces of radical (re)thinking and a critical platform for waging a war for democracy. A new form of protracted and collective political resistance is necessary if democracy is to be restored from the ruins of unrestrained capitalism. Being the meeting points of decades of collective struggles of students–teachers–workers, universities may yet again offer that if they survive the assaults of neoliberalism and evolve to preserve its progressive social character.

Role of Microfinance and Self Help Groups in Rural Women Empowerment – A Study of Two Sub district under Mahisagar District, Gujarat

Being the most important program in the SHG movement in India, NABARD started the pilot phase of SHG Bank Linkage Program in February 1992. This was the first example of a viable SHG financed directly by a commercial bank. Informal saving and borrowing groups of the poor were recognized as bankable customers. Soon after the SHG-bank linkage was in place, RBI advised commercial banks to consider lending to SHGs as part of their rural credit operations. Linking SHGs with the financial sector was good for both sides. Because banks were able to enter the money lending market, borrowers were lower income families, household costs were lower, and repayment rates were higher. By joining SHGs they were able to expand their operations with more credit and they had productive surplus funds for more credit. (Reddy and Maneck, 2005). This research paper attempts to examine the impact of microfinance in the context of poverty alleviation and socio-economic empowerment of women. Help empower women through microfinance by supporting women's economic participation, thus promoting gender equality and improving household welfare. To study the role of microfinance and self-help groups (SHGs) in women empowerment, Santrampur and Virpur sub district of Mahisagar district have been selected, for the present study a total of 20 SHG organizations have been selected from these two sub district and Out of these 20 SHGs, 150 respondents have been selected for the research. has been selected to start the job. Here tabular analysis has been used to analyze the data collected from local survey reports.

Narrating Resistance: Representation of Nineteenth Century Bengali Muslim Women in Akhtar Mahal's Niyantrita

The participation and Muslim women’s contributions of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century in the social reform movements in India have remained largely unexplored. The documented literary history of the period till date furthermore does not accord a reasonable space for Muslim women authors. The present paper attempts to intervene in the context of the gaps throughout recorded history where women, especially Muslim are posited almost overlooked in the discourses of society, religion, and literature. The paper intends to examine how Muslim women are portrayed in the social and religious discourses of India and/ or undivided Bengal, marking their challenges at multiple levels in literary and socio-cultural history. It intends to critically examine the Bengali Muslim writer Akhtar Mahal’s pioneering novella, Niyantrita (1926) that explores Muslim women’s aversion to hierarchical structures of the contemporary Indian society. Begum Akhtar Mahal (1901-1928) was an eminent Muslim writer who continued writing despite the adversities she faced after her early marriage at the age of fourteen. Born in 1901 in an aristocratic and educated family, Akhtar was introduced into an atmosphere that was truly conducive to literary and artistic pursuits, even though there was no question of sending the girls to school or college in the initial decades of the 1900s. But the feudal environment of her in-laws house was absolutely different from her paternal home. Women keen on education or music or art were not appreciated in her marital home. These are the aspects that led her to raise her voice of resistance against patriarchal oppression. Two of her seminal works are Niyantrita and Maran Baran. The Bengali Muslim negotiation with modernity and even with anti-colonial struggles has not been well recorded. Most accounts speak of ‘backwardness’, where the Bengali Muslim ‘renaissance’ takes place about fifty years after the Bengal renaissance. The institutionalized patriarchal setting was held responsible for an “enforced” seclusion. This rendered Muslim women significantly less visible to historical and social analyses than their Indian counterparts. Akhtar Mahal intricately weaves a tapestry of romance entangled with the heart-wrenching realities of forced marriages that often plague Muslim societies. The tale chronicles a life filled with sorrow, delicately narrated in a poignant and mournful fashion. This narrative touches upon the experiences of Muslim women, colonialism, patriarchy, and the echo of resistance.

Media Framing of Human Rights Violations: Unpacking Indian Radical Nationalist Policies

Abstract This systematic review examines the media framing of human rights violations, in the backdrop of radical nationalist movements in India. The study focuses on the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP’s) governance and its association with a radical nationalist (Hindutva) ideology. The study aims to shed light on the International Media’s criticism of the party’s role in perpetuating anti-minority sentiments and provoking violence against them. Using an integrative review approach, this paper meticulously analyzed 34 selected articles, from research journals and newspapers, published between 2010 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and key themes related to the BJP’s radical nationalist approach and its impact on minorities. Findings from the existing literature and international media’s reporting reveal the BJP’s transformation from a political organization to a stubborn force, promoting radical nationalist principles to consolidate its power base. Furthermore, analysis shows that the enactment of the discriminatory Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) triggered widespread protests whereas amending Articles 370 and 35A stripped Jammu and Kashmir of its autonomy, which resulted in human rights violations. In conclusion, the media content analysis highlights the human rights concerns due to the BJP’s radical nationalist approach and underscores an urgent need to make such policies that promote co-existence, inclusivity, and social cohesion to foster a pluralistic society.

Crimes Against Women in India

Crime against women arises as a direct result of violence against them. The issue of violence against women has been the most important issue of women’s movement in India since 1974-75. First it was the ever-increasing number of ‘dowry deaths’. Then, from 1980, different rape cases for grounded rape as a major issue. This was followed by the revival of the ancient custom of Sati. The limelight next shifted to female infanticide as well as female foeticide. There was the advent of ultra modern medical forms of violence against females through bio medical practices, such as amniocentesis. Domestic violence, sexual harassment at work Crimes against women, like all other acts of violence and crimes, have to be seen in the social, economic and political contexts of power relations. It occurs within class and caste because of patriarchal social relations under which male power dominates. A narrow view of crime and violence sees it merely an act of illegal, criminal use of physical force. But a broader view includes exploitation, discrimination, upholding of unequal economic and social structures, the creation of an atmosphere of terror, threat or reprisal and all forms of religio-cultural and political violence. This research paper will concern with the crimes identified in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and also those which come under Special Law (SL).

An evaluation of Wilson's disease patients from an Indian movement disorder clinic

An evaluation of Wilson's disease patients from an Indian movement disorder clinic

Book Review: Jörg Nowak Mass Strikes and Social Movements in Brazil and India: Popular Mobilisation in the Long Depression

Book Review: Jörg Nowak <i>Mass Strikes and Social Movements in Brazil and India: Popular Mobilisation in the Long Depression</i>

The #metoo Movement in India: Emotions and (in)justice in feminist responses

This article will enhance and complicate existing debates on the #metoo movements internationally and in India. This will be done by focusing in particular on the feminist debates and responses to LoSHA (List of Sexual Harassers in Academia) in India, an online list naming alleged sexual harassers from academia. This was first released in the public domain in October 2017 and caused much division and strife within feminist movements, including intergenerational conflict. The article will address the underexplored role of emotions in the #metoo movement in India, and attempt to theorise this more widely in the context of ‘justice work’, particularly in the context of epistemic and procedural (in)justice models. It will address how different forms of feminist resistance can be and should be conceptualised within a general context of epistemic injustice.

Engaging rural youth in strengthening the local food movement in India

First paragraph: In India, traditional agriculture has historically been a subsistence-oriented, labor-intensive, closed-loop, and varied production system. Farm­ing has long formed the foundation of the rural economy and served as a means of subsistence for local communities. Until a few decades ago, rural youth were actively choosing farming as a career, serving as the main workforce in a variety of agri­cultural enterprises. However, most of today’s youth do not want to work in low-value agricul­ture. Instead, they migrate to urban areas, within or outside of their home states where there are not many opportunities for quality work, social ser­vices, or protection. Responding to these con­straints through more inclusive changes in rural areas and through the alignment of rural-urban linkages is a significant challenge. It is crucial to look at opportunities and address obstacles in order to ensure that agriculture is economically viable and provides year-round employment for young people in rural India. . . .

Unyielding humanity from catastrophic ruins: new political society for social and environmental justice after Bhopal

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the ways in which a site of catastrophic ruins transpires as a new political society for critical social and environmental justice. Predicated on two and half months of fieldwork in Bhopal – consisting of 60 interviews with gas and water victims and activists, archival research, and observation of sites and events – the paper specifically explains how the Bhopal Movement, the longest-running social movement in post-colonial India, has become an exemplar of what I call ‘unyielding humanity,’ one that rejects conciliatory posturing and ad-hoc solutions, constraining states and corporations alike to meaningfully address the ongoing social and environmental mutilation of Bhopal. Underlining the agency, targets, means, objectives, and determinations of the subaltern people, the paper illustrates how this women-led movement poses triumphant challenges to dominant narratives by focusing on the politics of long-term, intergenerational suffering. Findings indicate that prolonged marginalization can give rise to distinct forms of politics, diverging not only from labor and identity politics but also from various environmental justice movements that have been theorized emphasizing primarily material, visible, and immediate consequences. The paper holds implications for social and environmental justice struggles worldwide.

Warrior Women: Indigenous Women, Gender Relations, and Sexual Politics within the American Indian Movement and at Wounded Knee

The main purpose of this article is to describe and analyze Indigenous women’sparticipation in the prolonged takeover of Wounded Knee in 1973. Indigenouswomen’s grassroots activism was fundamental for sustaining and keeping the occu-pation alive, yet their contributions were largely eclipsed by the actions of theirmedia-savvy, male comrades-in-arms. What is more important, Indigenous women inthe American Indian Movement (AIM) frequently claimed that they were in a state of“double oppression” or “double colonization”—first, through colonial domination andracial inequality, and second, through male privilege and female subordination—itself,part of the legacy of colonization and the imposition of dominant white patriarchalmasculinity.2 Nationalist struggles such as that of the anticolonial AIM tend to repli-cate the very structures of male dominance that they struggle against. While womenhave been included in public discourse, they have been largely left out of politicaldecision-making.3At Wounded Knee, Indigenous women took on a series of interrelated roles andresponsibilities that kept the occupation alive. Indigenous women skillfully renegoti-ated their gendered position of power within the masculinist organization, constructingfemininities that shifted between domesticated motherhood and female comrades-in-arms. In so doing, they both reaffirmed and challenged sexist and chauvinist attitudes&amp;nbsp;within AIM. They were well known as long-standing community organizers, andtheir active participation at the Wounded Knee takeover was an indication of female empowerment.&amp;nbsp;

A Study on the Legal Aid Services-Provisions and the Defence Legal Aid Scheme

India is regarded amongst the top countries in the Asian continent in terms of the recent technological, economic developments. The country with the most population is still striving to get rid of illiteracy which is now a major problem faced by the rural population in the country. Legal Aid Defense Counsel Scheme 2022 FOR PROVIDING LEGAL AID, ASSISTANCE &amp; REPRESENTATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN LINE WITH "PUBLIC DEFENDER SYSTEM" aims to provide legal aid to poor and needy in criminal justice system. The scheme aims at providing legal aid, assistance &amp; representation in criminal matters in LINE with a public defender system. At present, Assigned Counsel System of dispensation of Legal Aid is being followed in India. This will create institutional capacity to effectively provide Legal Aid to poor, needy, and poor in the criminal justice systems. To have a successful legal aid movement in India, the government needs to take appropriate steps by spreading awareness and educating the people about their basic fundamental rights.

The Bir Sunarwala: An Uncharted Dalit Land Movement of Haryana, India

Dalits are the lowest social group in the Indian caste hierarchy, formerly known as ‘untouchables’. They have been subjected to centuries of discrimination, violence and continue to face widespread social exclusion and economic deprivation. In rural areas, Dalits are often forced to live in segregated quarters and are denied access to common resources such as wells, temples, schools and land. They are often forced to do the most menial and degrading work, such as manual scavenging and cleaning toilets. This exclusion and humiliation are rooted in their lack of access to socio-economic capital, namely, land. As the world’s primary source of wealth, land plays a significant role in the life of rural communities, transforming into a socio-economic reality. Dalits are historically landless; in this outbreak, they participated in various land movements to access land. Landless Dalits and other agricultural labourers fought alongside peasants for better wages, land ownership and to end the practice of forced labour. However, Dalit struggles always remain subordinate to peasant struggles. In this context, this study examines Haryana’s rarely documented and majorly unknown Dalit land movement that took place in 1973 at Bir Sunarwala village of the Jhajjar district of Haryana. Additionally, this study seeks to highlight the significance of the Bir Sunarwala land movement within the broader framework of the Dalit movements in India.

Upskilling Rural Women for Toy Making through Skill India Movement: With Special Reference to Channapatna Toy Making

Upskilling women by empowering them through Women Entrepreneurship. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts a challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Many women have this quality, but they never got a platform to show their talents and hence, their real abilities are not revealed. Women in India are taking more responsibilities in bringing up children and maintaining a better home with love and affection. At the family level, the task of coordinating various activities in a more effective manner, without feeling the pinch of inconveniences, is being carried out by the women folk. This paper focuses on toy making through upskilling women entrepreneurs in India, especially in toy making industry with special reference to Channapatna toys. Women are equally competent in running businesses but lacks behind, in spite of the women empowerment movement in our country. There are social, cultural, and economic hurdles in the way of women entrepreneurship and the major problem is lack of entrepreneurial environment. In spite of their potential and talent, women are deprived of opportunities, information and education. Some of the major problems identified are women's family obligations, gender inequality, financial problems, low-risk-taking attitude and the male-female competition. The problems of women entrepreneurs can be eradicated by appropriate training, incentives, encouragement and motivation, social recognition of their entrepreneurial abilities, and family moral support. Women are also given proper training on the upliftment of the knowledge regarding the toy making.

India’s internet shutdowns as biopolitics: The formation of political will and opinion through collective action under attack

ABSTRACT During the 2020–2021 farmers’ movement in India, the central government argued that its temporary internet shutdowns in specific areas associated with the protest aimed to prevent law and order violations. Scholars have analyzed internet shutdowns as a method to control speech, which amounts to an infringement on the freedom of speech and expression. Additional studies have pointed out that such shutdowns directly interfere with the right to assembly. This paper adds to the existing scholarship by positing that internet shutdowns during mass protest movements interfere with a fundamental democracy-related value of the right to assembly, which, to borrow Salát’s phrase, is “the formation of political will and opinion.” Drawing on Foucault’s concept of biopolitics, the paper argues that shutdowns associated with collective protest should also be understood as an interference in the formation of political will and opinion by trying to manage the circulation of information and control a particular behavior, that is, dissent.