Movement Of People Research Articles

Pilgrimage to Makkah and Madinah is considered to be one of the largest repeat events in the whole world, with serious concerns about safety, movement, and management of people. The traditional approaches to these complexities have been altered with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and predictive analytics that are better solutions in regard to the convenient flow of pilgrims, less risks, etc. The paper focuses on the AI-based technologies used to enhance the pilgrim experience, which we explored in the case of predictive models of crowd flow management and real-time guidance systems. It introduces the unification of predictive algorithms, wearable sensors, edge computing, and mobile-based technologies in order to monitor the activities of the pilgrims, predict congestion, and provide real-time navigation directions. The implementation of similar global mass gatherings has also been compared in the paper to demonstrate the scalability and the flexibility of such technologies. The findings emphasize that AI solutions contribute to the efficiency and safety of pilgrimage, besides offering a more personalized and spiritually satisfying pilgrimage experience. As the future of pilgrimage management converts to advanced technological structures with the special needs of religious tourism, the study will point to the revolutionary powers of AI in deciding the future of pilgrimage management.

The Roman Empire's road system was critical for structuring the movement of people, goods and ideas, and sustaining imperial control. Yet, it remains incompletely mapped and poorly integrated across sources despite centuries of research. We present Itiner-e, the most detailed and comprehensive open digital dataset of roads in the entire Roman Empire. It was created by identifying roads from archaeological and historical sources, locating them using modern and historical topographic maps and remote sensing, and digitising them with road segment-level metadata and certainty categories. The dataset nearly doubles the known length of Roman roads through increased coverage and spatial precision, and reveals that the location of only 2.737% are known with certainty. This resource is transformative for understanding how mobility shaped connectivity, administration, and even disease transmission in the ancient world, and for studies of the millennia-long development of terrestrial mobility in the region.

The paper examined effects of armed banditry on the social development of people of Sokoto East Senatorial District of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Armed banditry is now a social problem which hindered the development of people of Sokoto East as it causes so many unpleasant effects. Some of the effects were the disruption of educational learning, restricted movement of the people by blocking access routes, large number of widows and widowers, large number of orphaned children prevention of social gatherings, instilled fear and disharmony, deteriorating health conditions of the people loss of lives as well as the reduced intergroup relations of the people. The Sokoto State Government and Local Government Areas of Sokoto East adopted different strategies to solve the problems of armed banditry and some of the strategies were in form of community based response, traditional institutions and peace building initiatives, the community dialogues and amnesty strategies and the rest but the situation was to no avail. Two theories were adopted in the paper and they were social disruption theory and poverty and economic deprivation theory. However, there is a conclusion and also some recommendations were offered. It was recommended in the paper that there should be continuous reinforcement of security personnel and mass educational programmes should also be organized by the governments in Sokoto East. More public enlightenment programmes on sanitary conditions and health care delivery should be organized and the governments in Sokoto East should also adequately fight against insecurity to protect the lives of the people. It was also recommended that Internally Displaced Persons in Sokoto East should be given adequate shelter and in addition, the masses should be vigilant of any suspicious movement of other people that can disrupt or disorganize peace in the area.

ABSTRACT This article questions the prevailing narrative that Swiss migration policy underwent a ‘dramatic change’ with its Europeanization over the last three decades. Certainly, the move towards EU compatibility (Free movement of people, Schengen) has represented a deep break with Switzerland’s traditionally defensive approach to European migration. Looking at Swiss migration policy from the perspective of its effects on migrants reveals, however, remarkable continuities from the post-WWII period to this day. The article highlights the persistence of reproductive harm inflicted upon marginalized migrant women who are continuously silenced as speaking exposes them to further oppressions. Far from being contingent, these reproductive abuses form a structural feature of an exploitative migration regime whereby security, economic and gender logics act in synergic ways to attract migrants for their labour while preventing settlement. Such migration regime relies on a politics of obstructing family life, which disproportionally targets and affects women. The article centres migrant women’s voices and introduces the notion of ‘hindered parenting’. The latter serves as an epistemic framework that bridges the experiences of (European) seasonal workers’ wives in the 20th century and those of (non-EUropean) ‘undocumented’ domestic workers today, revealing how both have resisted and adapted to coercions affecting their reproductive autonomy.

ABSTRACT Unstructured text, such as narratives describing the movement of people, can reveal valuable spatial information that is used to generate the routes people take. However, the lack of precision and the ambiguity of spatial information in these narratives create a significant problem in generating such routes. Existing work uses either traditional natural language processing (NLP) techniques or more recent large language models (LLMs) to extract relevant spatial information. However, traditional NLP techniques do not capture the contextual information in the text, and LLMs are often trained on data with insufficient coverage of developing countries, resulting in incomplete spatial information. This paper proposes a novel neuro‐symbolic GeoAI framework called N arratives a s Geographical R outes (NaR) to automatically extract and visualize geospatial routes from unstructured text and resolve spatial data quality issues in these texts. NaR extracts geographical information from narratives, identifies the toponyms, lists them in temporal order, resolves possible ambiguities, assigns their precise coordinates, and finally depicts the spatial routes on a map. This is achieved through the use of (1) retrieval augmented generation (RAG) techniques that leverage the geographical domain knowledge extracted from NLP techniques in conjunction with a gazetteer to improve the results of LLMs for toponym identification and temporal listing, and (2) a neuro‐symbolic framework that uses symbolic reasoning to resolve toponym ambiguity. Experimental evaluation of our framework indicates that NaR outperforms other existing methods.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the non-hegemonic view of water held by black communities in the Ribeira Valley, Brazil, in contrast to the hegemonic perspective of modern water. We present the mobilization of this people for the right to water, which has resisted the implementation of hydroelectric plants, through the Movement of People Threatened by Dams in the Ribeira Valley. We also discuss the local narratives about the ‘Negros d’Água’, mythical beings who point to a circular perception of time, to a fluid relationship between the material and spiritual worlds and to the slavery memory. Both cases differ from modern water, which considers water as something de-territorialized and homogenous. We analyse the two faces of water in the Ribeira Valley – water as a common and as a symbolic and sacred narrative – to compare it with the modern paradigm. Based on secondary data and from a qualitative approach, this discussion is a partial result of ‘PHOENIX – Human Mobility, Global Challenges and Resilience in an Age of Social Stress’, a project that is being developed by an international platform, that aims to understand how population movements are affected by global change processes.

Abstract This contribution highlights the measures taken by the Franks in the eighth and ninth centuries to control the movement of goods and people on the peripheries of the empire. It focuses on the northeastern frontier zone of the Carolingian empire, where Charlemagne adopted a series of restrictive policies aimed at channelling trade into centres, often fortified, administered by royal envoys. In the context of studies of the mobility of goods and people in the Early Middle Ages, restrictions of this kind were nothing new: in the first half of the eighth century, the Lombard kings Ratchis and Aistulf had already created trade posts at the chokepoints of the Alpine passes to control the passage of travellers and merchants into and out of Italy. Charlemagne himself had similar laws in place for the trade of certain types of goods, such as weapons, armour and grain. However, they were only possible if they were adequately accompanied by logistical and military infrastructure. This contribution argues that the Capitulary of Diedenhofen, listing trade centres located along the Elbe and Saale rivers that were fortified from 806 and onwards, offers the opportunity to study such intertwined efforts. It shows that for the Carolingian kings, and for the central authorities of the Early Middle Ages, the management and control of the mobility of people and goods was a fundamental tool through which they could impose their authority. Part of this article was written during my stay at the Center for Advanced Research ‘Migration und Mobilität in Spätantike und Frühmittelalter’ at the University of Tübingen. I would therefore like to thank Steffen Patzold, Mischa Meier and Sebastian Schmidt-Hofner for the opportunity to work in Tübingen. I would also like to thank Francesco Veronese for his suggestions and help during the first draft of this article. I also received many suggestions from Becca Grose, Sonsoles Costero-Quiroga, Marco Stoffella, Francesco Borri and Courtney Luckhardt, whom I would like to thank for their help and support. The corrections and suggestions of the two reviewers have also been fundamental in improving this article, and I am therefore grateful to them for their work. Any other errors of language, grammar or content are my own.

Background: Labor migration is a movement of people from one country to the other country for employment opportunities. Labor migration is the term used to describe the exodus of Nepali laborers to other nations in pursuit of work, mostly due to financial need and work opportunities. The study focuses on foreign migrant workers who migrate from their native countries in search of better living conditions and incomes, as well as because of limited employment prospects and economic challenges. Methods: A Descriptive and explanatory research design is used in this study. 403 return migrants were taken as a sample by using purposive sampling method. Theory of Economic of Labor is used. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data and PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the data. Findings: The study shows mostly male are the migrant returnees from age range 30 to 40. Major variables to affect return decision of migrants are family obligation, psychological factors and Skill, development and career opportunity in home country. Majority of the people migrate for better work opportunities and to improve economic conditions. Mostly migrants faced the challenges like low wages, cultural differences and home sickness in host country which can be solved by fair wage rate, welcoming environment in host county, proper Nepalese agencies to help foreign migrants. Conclusions: The study emphasizes how family ties, psychological aspects, and the chances for skill development in their own country all play a role in the decision of many men to travel to and return to Nepal. Implications: This analysis and findings will help the Ministry of Labor, International Labor Organization, and Nepal Labor Market, local government, and researcher on the similar field, professionals and future students.

Transnational migration has become a significant feature of the 21st century. It has mostly been enabled by globalisation, which has facilitated the movement of people all around the world. Once migrants settle in the host country, their primary bridge between the home country, their heritage culture and experiences and the host country and culture is their heritage language. A loss in proficiency in the heritage language challenges and mostly damages or destroys this bridge. However, despite the significant roles played by heritage languages, there is a limitation of sociolinguistic research in this field, including that in Australia. Likewise, Indian languages are scantly researched, despite India being one of the top source countries for migrants to Australia. To fill in this gap, a PhD study was conducted to study the linguistic skills and repertoire of Indian migrants in Sydney, Australia. One of its main aims was to analyse the language use practices of Indian migrants. The quantitative method, using surveys in the form of written questionnaires, was the main method of investigation. 176 first-generation Indian migrants participated in the survey. This paper presents the quantitative analysis of the language use practices of the first generation in the home and public domains. The focus is on language(s) used in conversations between the participants and their children, spouse and siblings. The results show that although heritage languages are largely used intra-generationally, they are on a declining trajectory in inter-generational conversations. This could raise concerns about their maintenance and transmission to subsequent generations.

ABSTRACTThe Darién Province separating Panama and Colombia has experienced unprecedented movement of people across its border since the easing of COVID‐19 border restrictions in 2021. Panama established the “controlled flow” migration strategy in 2016 to manage “irregular” migration within its national borders as this flow rapidly increased in Darién Province. This policy provided basic services while containing people in reception centers after their journey across the Darién Forest. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Darién Province, we elucidate how the Panama‐Colombia border transcends its geopolitical boundaries and shapes embodied borders based on the experiences of people excluded from legal migration pathways to North America. We examine how the “controlled flow” infrastructure in Panama constructs new systems of control and surveillance, embodied health impacts, and regimes of agency and migrant refusal after crossing one of the most treacherous borders in the world.

Alterations in motor learning are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Possible body segment-specificity remains unexplored and could have practical implications for testing and rehabilitation. Our aim was to investigate sequence-specific implicit motor learning differences in alternative task movements in people with early stages PD vs. age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Thirty participants with PD (67.6 ± 8.0 yrs, 1.9 ± 0.7H&Y) and 30 HC (69.6 ± 5.2 yrs) performed three Serial Reaction Time Tasks (SRTTs), which differed for the body segment used to perform it: Hands, Arms, and Feet testing. Visual-motor reaction time was recorded in response to visual stimuli. For each task, eight blocks, each consisting of 4 repetitions of a 12-stimuli sequence, were presented: random sequence order was practiced in block one and eight (R1, R8); a fixed 12-stimuli sequence order was performed in blocks from 2 to 7 (S2-S7). Reaction Times were corrected for errors (RT) and reprocessed as percentage values, where the mean RT of R1 represented 100% (RTR1%). RT at R1 (RTR1), overall RT (RTglobal) and the magnitude of implicit motor learning (iML, calculated as % difference between R8 and S7) were compared among body segments and PD vs. HCs groups by mixed two-way RM-ANOVA. The learning responses (RTR1-R8Curve) and the errors curves were compared among body segments, groups and blocks (R1, R8 and S2-S7) by mixed three-way RM-ANOVA. While PD patients showed the characteristic bradykinesia, our data indicate that they are able to gain an identical sequence-specific implicit motor learning magnitude, with a similar timing, compared to HCs. Moreover, the magnitude and timing of the learning response is consistent across different body segments. This suggests that SRTT, conducted with different body segments, could be considered a valuable tool for studying motor learning in PD and HCs in neurorehabilitation.

Abstract Context Archaeological and historical evidence attest that transhumance was commonplace across Ireland during the last millennium. This largely involved the movement of people and their cows to upland pastures for the summer months to create space in the lowlands for arable farming. Significant gaps in understanding remain relating to the timing of and motivations for seasonal settlement, the activities that herders engaged in and the impact of land-use on the local environment. Objectives Here, we use a palaeoecological approach to produce records of past land-use and settlement history that will resolve extant questions regarding the timing of transhumance, the activities of settlers and their impacts on the landscape. Methods We collected blanket peat sequences from the immediate vicinity of two transhumant sites in the Mourne Mountains, County Down, Northern Ireland. We analysed sequences for pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs to understand the landscape history of both sites. Cryptotephra analysis was employed to robustly date these palaeoenvironmental records. Results We date the commencement of land-use activity at occupation sites studied in the Mournes to the mid- to late twelfth century CE, and show that people grazed livestock and grew cereals in these localities. These findings question the long-held view that occupation reflects summer herding, and highlight that transhumance may have emerged from a longer tradition of permanent upland settlement. We also find that the impact of these activities was largely local, with no discernible impact on the surrounding heath-dominated landscape. Results place the demise of activity during the early nineteenth century CE, probably due to change in favoured stock type from cattle to sheep. Conclusions Results shed new light on upland settlement in Ireland during the last millennium, showing that settlers took part in a more diverse array of farming activities than was previously believed. In addition, our results challenge current interpretations of the history of transhumance practices in Ireland finding that its origins may stem from the demise of permanent upland settlement, and demonstrate the resilience of past populations in what are today regarded as ‘marginal’ environments.

Looking into early Christian–Muslim relations seems to be the outcome of greater interest in Islam transcultural encounters due to current issues of mass migration. Sicily presents an informative example of the interaction between different ethnic and religious groups over centuries. Several scholars, including Jeremy Johns, Alex Metcalfe and Julie Taylor, have explored the social and administrative position of Christians and Muslims within the complex society of Sicily, although their contributions were largely from the umbrella of Norman Sicily from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. Thus, there is a need to shift away from the Normans’ experience to exploring Christian–Muslim relations in Sicily during the ninth through eleventh centuries, especially the expansion, society and activities during the rule of the Fāṭimids of Ifrīqiya (909–965) and their Kalbid allies (948–1053). These forms of relationships are not only important for Sicily but for the whole region of the central Mediterranean. This paper will build on the works of Umberto Rizzitano and other scholars to explore the relations between the Arabs and Muslims and the Christians in Sicily during the Muslim rule of the Island. Using Arabic and Islamic sources, including travel accounts by the Muslim geographer Ibn Ḥawqal (d. 988), this paper aims to discuss the lives of Christians and their dynamic exchanges with Muslims within the social and political complexities of Aghlabid and Fāṭimid Sicily as well as Sicily’s link to North Africa (Ifrīqiya). Sicily’s proximity to North Africa and to Europe has been an essential aspect of its history, which facilitated movement of communities between these regions. The paper will also compare the policies of the Fāṭimids towards Christians in Sicily with their relations towards their Christian subjects in Cairo, Egypt. It will show the pragmatic aspects of this relationship concerning marriage, legal status, the movement of people, and cultural and intellectual exchange. Christians and Muslims practised cultural hybridisation that brought changes in Sicily with respect to language, religion, and social habits, resulting in a distinctive Sicilian multicultural identity.

Transportation and mobility are critical in shaping social, political, and cultural aspects of life through the movement of people and goods and through the infrastructure that supports that movement – including the afterlives of that infrastructure. As we consider ever more urgently the need to move away from fossil fuel-based modes of transport, we should also consider the impacts of the infrastructure that is left behind, including the uneven impacts of its reuse. The United States suffered a severe decline in passenger rail service in the 20th century, while the last several decades have seen rapid growth in freight rail. These changes have put new pressures on existing infrastructure, either intensifying its transportation function, or remaking it into something else entirely. Here, we address the question of whether the afterlives of rail infrastructure further existing environmental injustices or, alternatively, create new inequalities via environmental gentrification. Through a GIS analysis of past and present railyards in the Chicago area, we find that transportation uses have remained or intensified in communities of color and low-income neighborhoods, while neighborhoods where redevelopment has occurred have become wealthier and whiter. This suggests a double-edged impact of intensification of externalities from the global logistics system in communities already experiencing environmental injustice, while environmental gentrification is occurring around redeveloped sites where transportation infrastructure has been removed.

People with psychotic experiences (PE) have movement abnormalities, including slow movements and uncontrolled movements, which are indicative of transition to psychotic disorders. Rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC) has been indicated to be a promising therapeutic technique for movement abnormalities in people in the psychosis continuum; however, small sample size limited the strength of that conclusion. The aims of our study were to increase the sample size, adopt a repeated measures design, and examine if faster RAC induced faster movements and less uncontrolled movements in both hands in people with PE. A total of 55 people with PE and 55 people without PE were recruited to use the index finger to perform an alternate touching task for each hand while a motion capture system recorded the movement procedure. The subjects were required to follow each beat of the RAC with an individualized original tempo and an individualized fast tempo, the order of which was counterbalanced, when performing the alternate touching task. Faster RAC induced faster movements and less uncontrolled movements in both hands in people with PE. Extensive neural connections between the auditory and motor-related cortices may explain RAC effects on movements in people with PE, who have alterations of basal ganglia and the cerebellum.

Indoor environmental quality in offices, comprising thermal, acoustic, lighting, and air quality domains, is known to influence human comfort, yet the relative importance of their sub-factors—particularly in severe cold regions—remains unclear. This study addresses this gap by integrating objective (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation, CRITIC) and subjective (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) weighting methods, supported by field measurements and questionnaire surveys in open-plan offices in three provinces in northeastern China. Cluster analysis categorized acoustic sub-factors into outdoor traffic, outdoor entertainment, people conversation, burst sound, and people movement. Results show that temperature is the dominant thermal comfort driver (39.7% CRITIC; 45.5% AHP), exceeding air velocity and humidity, which had nearly equal influence. Indoor sound exerted greater impact than outdoor sound, with people conversation ranked highest among indoor noise sources, and burst sound and movement showing similar but slightly lower weights. Natural light outweighed artificial light in importance (54.2% CRITIC; 61.0% AHP), while air freshness and pollution were nearly equally influential. Compared to CRITIC, AHP produced more dispersed weights, reflecting subjective bias toward pronounced differences. These findings provide a quantitative basis for prioritizing environmental design interventions—such as controlling indoor conversational noise, optimizing natural lighting, and stabilizing temperature—to enhance comfort in offices in severe cold regions.

Abstract Introduction The process of globalisation and free movement of people for work and education creates multinational communities at universities, which emphasises the importance of building tolerance towards cultural values. Awareness of the need for tolerance found expression in the initiative of UNESCO and the UN General Assembly in 1995 by creation of the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance. The aim of this research is to observe the cooperation and possible issues between Bulgarian and foreign medical students at Medical University - Pleven. Materials and methods An online questionnaire on 75 Bulgarian medical students in April 2025 at Medical University - Pleven, Social medicine and health management Department was conducted. Results 53 of the respondents (78,0%) think cultural differences can enrich the educational process at the university, 10 (15,0%) can't estimate and 5 (7,0%) answered rather no. 55 of the students (81,0%) would support the organisation of events promoting intercultural tolerance and diversity, 10 (15,0%) don't have opinion and 3 (4,0%) answered rather no. The results of the analysis showed a moderately positive and statistically significant relationship between attitudes towards the role of cultural differences in the educational process and willingness to support initiatives promoting intercultural tolerance in the university environment (τᵦ = 0.447, p < 0.001). This suggests that participants who perceive cultural diversity as enriching are more likely to express support for such events. Conclusions In 21st century Intercultural tolerance is a topic gaining more importance by each day. The cooperation between different cultures is applicable in our everyday life - from the daily activities, to work and educational tasks. Thus, studying the intercultural tolerance among Bulgarian medical students is very accurate. The current study is an initial point for further investigation including foreign students at the university. Key messages • The process of globalisation of people for work and education creates multinational communities at universities which predispose conducting a study on the topic of Intercultural tolerance. • Statistical analysis of the results suggests that participants who perceive cultural diversity as enriching are more likely to express support for such events at university setting.

This research discusses and efforts and solutions in overcoming or overcoming poverty. This study uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique is carried out by literature study, namely exploring journals, good scientific journals and other information relevant to the research. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. By using several journals to be re-analyzed, the author finds efforts to overcome and also look for the most appropriate strategy in efforts to eradicate poverty. The researcher also briefly discussed the existing problems related to poverty by taking several concepts of the community program planning model of the people's care movement as an effort to alleviate poverty that can be taken to make a solution.

ABSTRACTThis article aims to sort out the meaning of the term “health nationalism,” operationalize this term and analyze this phenomenon in opposition to the cosmopolitan health policy model. Here, health nationalism is treated as a serious obstacle to access to healthcare and a cultural‐ideological barrier to equity in global public health. Two ideal models, “health nationalism” and “cosmopolitan health policy,” can be created considering issues such as: cooperation between societies for health policy; movement of people between countries in the context of healthcare; the exchange of experience and medical knowledge; assistance for migrants in need of healthcare; access to the labor market in the medical services sector; control of the distribution of medicines, vaccines and medical materials; and finally attitudes to medical knowledge and access to medical education. The empirical material used in the article was collected using the quantitative research method on a representative sample of Polish society. The article shows that the perspective of cosmopolitan health policy based on the glocalization strategy can oppose health nationalism enclosed in the logic of methodological nationalism. Although there is great potential for activities at the level of an international health civil society, there are also large social divisions over these issues.

Genomic epidemiology of clade Ia monkeypox viruses circulating in the Central African Republic in 2022-24: a retrospective cross-sectional study.