Fluid Movement Research Articles

Simulating Two-Phase Seepage in Undisturbed Soil Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method and X-ray Computed Tomography Images.

The two-phase seepage fluid (i.e., air and water) behaviors in undisturbed granite residual soil (U-GRS) have not been comprehensively studied due to a lack of accurate and representative models of its internal pore structure. By leveraging X-ray computed tomography (CT) along with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) enhanced by the Shan-Chen model, this study simulates the impact of internal pore characteristics of U-GRS on the water-gas two-phase seepage flow behaviors. Our findings reveal that the fluid demonstrates a preference for larger and straighter channels for seepage, and as seepage progresses, the volume fraction of the water/gas phases exhibits an initial increase/decrease trend, eventually stabilizing. The results show the dependence of two-phase seepage velocity on porosity, while the local seepage velocity is influenced by the distribution and complexity of the pore structure. This emphasizes the need to consider pore distribution and connectivity when studying two-phase flow in undisturbed soil. It is observed that the residual gas phase persists within the pore space, primarily localized at the pore margins and dead spaces. Furthermore, the study identifies that hydrophobic walls repel adjacent fluids, thereby accelerating fluid movement, whereas hydrophilic walls attract fluids, inducing a viscous effect that decelerates fluid flow. Consequently, the two-phase flow rate is found to increase with then-enhanced hydrophobicity. The apex of the water-phase volume fraction is observed under hydrophobic wall conditions, reaching up to 96.40%, with the residual gas-phase constituting 3.60%. The hydrophilic wall retains more residual gas-phase volume fraction than the neutral wall, followed by the hydrophobic wall. Conclusively, the investigations using X-ray CT and LBM demonstrate that the pore structure characteristics and the wettability of the pore walls significantly influence the two-phase seepage process.

Clinical Effect of the Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine "Goreisan" on Water Balance in Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

Since severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) involves inflammatory mediators produced by local inflammation of the pancreas that trigger a systemic inflammatory response, intensive fluid management is required to maintain hemodynamics in the early stages of the onset of SAP. Goreisan is considered to have a diuretic effect in a state of excess water and an antidiuretic effect in a state of dehydration, regulating water balance in both directions. We investigated the clinical effects of Goreisan on water balance in SAP patients. Patients and methods: SAP patients admitted to our ICU within 72 hours of being diagnosed with SAP were divided into two groups: the Rikkunshito group (before October 2015) and theGoreisan group (after November 2015). Cumulative volume of fluid infusion, urine, fluid removal by CHF, nasogastric tube drainage, and water balance from day 1 to day 5 of ICU admission. Thirty patients were included. The median age was 57 (40-69) years, and 21/30 (70%) were male. The prognostic factor score in Japanese criteria for acute pancreatitis was 5.5 (3.3-7). Of the thirty patients, 14 were in the Rikkunshito group, and 16 were in the Goreisan group. There were no differences in the cumulative volume of fluid infusion, urine, fluid removal by CHF, or nasogastric tube drainage from day 1 to day 5 of ICU admission between the two groups. However, the cumulative water balance from day 1 to day 5 of admission was 4,957 ± 6,091 mL in the Rikkunshito group, whereas it was lower in the Goreisan group at 498 ± 3,918 mL (P = 0.023). Our study showed that Goreisan administration in patients with severe acute pancreatitis might improve water balance in the early phase of onset. Early administration of Goreisan at the onset of severe acute pancreatitis may regulate fluid movement between capillaries and interstitium and alleviate fluid overload due to water refill.

Investigating the magnetohydrodynamics non-Newtonian fluid movement on a tensile plate affected by variable thickness with dufour and soret effects: Akbari Ganji and finite element methods

Significant progress in the investigation of non-Newtonian Williamson and Casson boundary layer flow has led us to explore the extension of non-Newtonian Williamson and Casson hydromagnetic boundary layer flow in an electrically conductive fluid subjected to a strong magnetic field and a uniform thermal field. This study is divided into two interconnected parts. The first part converts the nonlinear system governing the Partial Differential Equations into a simpler, nonlinear, ordinary differential equation. It is then analyzed using the Akbari Ganji method (AGM). The output data from the first part, solved using AGM, is compared and evaluated with the output data from the second part, solved with the assistance of finite element (FEM) methods. This research validates previous works with current methodologies. Subsequently, changes in temperature and concentration parameters, influenced by variations in magnetic parameters, are obtained and analyzed through three-dimensional charts. Upon reviewing the results, it is observed that the distribution of concentration and temperature is dependent on the distribution of the magnetic parameter, with an increase in concentration and temperature being influenced by the rise in the magnetic parameter. Other parameters are also examined, each of which is elaborated upon below. The effects of Bi1, Sr, and Sc parameters on temperature are investigated, and design points for achieving optimal and effective design are presented in the graph. Some applications of magnetohydrodynamics and non-Newtonian fluids include improving fluid pumping technologies. Using magnetohydrodynamics in non-Newtonian fluid pumping systems can help improve efficiency and reduce energy costs. Additionally, enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer systems using magnetohydrodynamics can help improve efficiency and reduce energy losses in these systems.

Thermal case exploration of electromagnetic radiative tri-hybrid nanofluid flow in Bi-directional stretching device in absorbent medium: SQLM analysis

Ternary hybrid nanofluids offer promising roles in biomedical engineering, solar energy, atomic reactors, automobiles, and heat pipes. Through these facts and influenced by recent work in nanotechnology and their rich utilization, this particular research emphasizes the MWCNT (Multi wall carbon nano tube)-Au-Ag/blood ternary nanofluid flow through a bidirectional stretching sheet. The coupled non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) for the developed model are altered into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformations, also subsequently undertaken computationally via the spectral linearization methodology. The physical description of parameters is presented against the flow parameters graphically, also related physical quantities such as the Sherwood quantity and surface frictional force are exhibited. Furthermore, surface plots are presented to examine the boundary layer effect. The study reveals that increasing the stretchable ratio of the surface upsurges the y− velocity as a result of the thinning of the surface in this same direction, which reduces the resistance to fluid movement. Trihybrid nanofluid rapidity is less than the rapidity of hybrid nanofluid due to the increment of the number of molecules in the fluid which reduces the interspace between these molecules. Enhancing the Lorentz force and surface pores numbers reduces the surface frictional force factors of the ternary hybrid nanofluid.

Free convection in a square wavy porous cavity with partly magnetic field: a numerical investigation

Natural convection in a square porous cavity with a partial magnetic field is investigated in this work. The magnetic field enters a part of the left wall horizontally. The horizontal walls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The wave vertical wall on the right side is at a low temperature, while the left wall is at a high temperature. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation of motion is utilized in the construction of the fluid flow model for the porous media. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to solve the problem’s governing equations, and the current study was validated by comparing it to earlier research. On streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers, changes in the partial magnetic field length, Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and number of wall waves have been examined. This paper will show that the magnetic field negatively impacts heat transmission. This suggests that the magnetic field can control heat transfer and fluid movement. Additionally, it was shown that heat transfer improved when the number of wall waves increased.

Introducing a Novel Innovative Technique for the Recording and Interpretation of Dynamic Coronary Angiography.

In the study of coronary artery disease (CAD), the mechanism of plaque formation and development is still an important subject for investigation. A limitation of current coronary angiography (CAG) is that it can only show static images of the narrowing of arterial channels without identifying the mechanism of the disease or predicting its progression or regression. To address this limitation, the CAG technique has been modified. The new approach emphasizes identifying and analyzing blood flow patterns, employing methodologies akin to those used by hydraulic engineers for fluid or gas movement through domestic or industrial pipes and pumps. With the new technique, various flow patterns and arterial phenomena-such as laminar, turbulent, antegrade, retrograde, and recirculating flow and potentially water hammer shock and vortex formation-are identified, recorded, and classified. These phenomena are then correlated with the presence of lesions at different locations within the coronary vasculature. The formation and growth of these lesions are explained from the perspective of fluid mechanics. As the pathophysiology of CAD and other cardiovascular conditions becomes clearer, new medical, surgical, and interventional treatments could be developed to reverse abnormal coronary flow dynamics and restore laminar flow, leading to improved clinical outcomes.

Seasonal variability of groundwater contributions to fault-zone-hosted banff hot springs, Canada

Analysisof fault-zone-hosted thermal springs provides insights into deep fault-zone processes and crustal-scale fluid movements. However, shallow groundwater mixing obscures chemical signatures associated with deeply sourced groundwater, reducing the utility of thermal spring data for understanding deep fault-zone processes. The Upper Hot Spring (UH) in the Banff Hot Spring system exhibits substantial seasonal variability and is a valuable case for investigating shallow groundwater mixing in fault zones. UH chemistry aligns with binary mixing of cold tritium-rich groundwater from Sulphur Mountain and hot tritium-depleted water from the Sulphur Mountain Thrust (SMT) fault zone. Geochemical and isotopic data from lower elevation springs suggest the extension of binary mixing dynamics to lower elevations. Applying a Monte Carlo-based regression approach, strontium isotope mass balance models simulate one year of 87Sr/86Sr time series at UH within the margin of uncertainty. Utilizing mixing proportions derived from the model, tritium mass balance models successfully simulate the tritium time series at UH over the same period, providing cross-validation. Using relationships between mixing proportions and sulfate, hydrographs for the three highest elevation springs are separated into two components, revealing that the seasonal variability of both components decreases northward as spring elevation decreases. Utilizing common environmental tracers and bypassing direct sampling of inaccessible endmembers, the modeling approach used here may find global applicability for characterizing mixing in fault zones.

Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs – the critical impact of discrete zones of elevated permeability on reservoir performance

Abstract Middle Eastern carbonate petroleum reservoirs exhibit a range of heterogeneities which consist of variable combinations of primary stratigraphic and secondary diagenetic and structural characteristics. These produce diverse permeability architectures which can exert a profound influence on reservoir performance during secondary recovery. Of particular importance are laterally persistent discrete zones of elevated permeability (DZEP) that typically make up a volumetrically minor proportion of the reservoir yet show disproportionately high fluid inflow or outflow. The stratigraphic, diagenetic and structural origins of elevated permeability in Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs are considered here and the consequences of such features for reservoir performance are discussed. The term DZEP denotes geological sources of elevated permeability at least an order of magnitude greater than background reservoir properties. Stratigraphically organized DZEP comprise coarse-grained layers, event beds or parasequence tops or bases in neritic or platform interior settings. Other origins include bioturbated layers, grainy clinothems and bed-scale, grain-size variations in shoal deposits. Diagenetic DZEP are typically dissolution horizons with mouldic and touching-vug pore networks or dolomitized intervals which often overprint stratigraphic DZEP. Structural DZEP include individual faults, fracture corridors and fracture concentrations related to mechanical stratigraphy. During production through natural pressure depletion, DZEP may dominate well productivity. Under secondary recovery, the same intervals may dominate inter-well fluid flow, causing flood conformance issues, cross-zone fluid movement, bypassed pay and earlier-than-expected water or gas breakthrough to production wells. Optimization of production and ultimate recovery rely on collecting the correct kinds of data at a sufficiently early stage in the reservoir characterization process to permit their inclusion in static and dynamic reservoir models.

Diagnostics of velocity-flow characteristics in laminar flows

Understanding and evaluating various types of fluid movement is important for the analysis and design of systems and devices related to hydraulics and hydrodynamics, including hydrocarbon production and transport systems. Knowledge of stationary and non-stationary types of motion makes it possible to predict and control the behavior of a fluid under various conditions. The article discussed the issues of diagnosing stationary and non-stationary and gravitational flows. It has been established that the time of transition to a stationary mode in pipelines mainly depends on the geometric parameters of the pipeline and the rheological properties of the pumped systems. It is known that many issues related to the management of technological processes and the improvement of efficiency in oil and gas production are closely associated with the movement of homogeneous and heterogeneous fluids with various rheological and physico-chemical properties in pipelines during extraction, collection, and transportation, which have different forms and hydraulic characteristics. In the laminar flow regime, a methodology has been developed to determine the transition time to a steady-state operation mode, based on the flow characteristics of viscous and visco-plastic fluids, taking into account inertia forces. It has been determined that, unlike viscous fluids, the time to reach a steady-state operation mode for visco-plastic flows also varies depending on the formation of the flow core, which is determined by the initial yield stress. In the article, a mathematical expression is provided for determining the flow rate for visco-plastic fluids in laminar flow, taking into account the pressure losses due to inertia forces for viscous fluids. The results obtained are explained to eliminate the difference and increase accuracy when determining the flow rate using the Poiseuille formula for visco-plastic laminar flows.

Computational workflow to monitor the electroosmosis of nanofluidic flow in the vicinity of a bounding surface

This investigation studies the flow of a boundary layer with electroosmotic forces on a nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms along the vertical Riga plate. This sort of fluid movement necessitates specific mathematical techniques and numerical simulations. In addition, the boundary-layer flow is induced by the mass and heat transfer, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation. A mathematical model is simulated by non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The combination of PDEs is turned into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations using proper transformations. Some analysis tools are used to investigate the morphological characteristics of the problem while applying suitable boundary conditions. The influence of parameters on the derived solutions is numerically and visually explained through sets of figures. It is elucidated that the concentration of the microorganisms reduces due to an increase in Lewis number which leads to a decrease in the motile microorganism’s density profile. It is seen that the temperature distribution is improved when the chemical reaction and Casson parameter increase. In addition, we find that the application of electro-osmotic forces applied to the surfaces helps to dewater and separate microorganisms from incompressible solid and liquid mixtures.

Clinical overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of pleural fluid movement: a narrative review.

In physiological conditions, the pleural space couples the lung with the chest wall and contains a small amount of fluid in continuous turnover. The volume of pleural fluid is the result from the balance between the entry of fluid through the pleural capillaries and drainage by the lymphatics in the most dependent areas of the parietal pleura. Fluid filtration is governed by Starling forces, determined by the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures of the capillaries and the pleural space. The reabsorption rate is 28 times greater than the rate of pleural fluid production. The mesothelial layer of the inner lining of the pleural space is metabolically active and also plays a role in the production and reabsorption of pleural fluid. Pleural effusion occurs when the balance between the amount of fluid that enters the pleural space and the amount that is reabsorbed is disrupted. Alterations in hydrostatic or oncotic pressure produce a transudate, but they do not cause any structural damage to the pleura. In contrast, disturbances in fluid flow (increased filtration or decreased reabsorption) produce an exudate via several mechanisms that cause damage to pleural layers. Thus, cellular processes and the inflammatory and immune reactions they induce determine the composition of pleural fluid. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes of pleural effusion, especially cellular processes, can be useful in establishing its aetiology.

Mathematical analysis of acoustic wave interaction of vibrating rigid plates with subsonic flows

This research article investigates the effects of object's vibration and fluid movement on the acoustics of subsonic flows, specifically focusing on the scattering of acoustic waves by a vibrating rigid plate submerged in uniform flow. The acoustic plane wave that impacts the plate, coupled with its oscillatory motion, causes a disruption in the fluid medium. This disturbance, in turn, gives rise to a Rayleigh wave that propagates along the boundary separating the plate and the fluid. The study uses the Wiener‐Hopf technique to analytically model the acoustic scattering by a rigid barrier of finite dimensions and analyze the relationship between acoustics and structures. The method involves applying Fourier transformations to the governing boundary value problem and resolving the Wiener‐Hopf equations using the factorization theorem, Liouville's theorem, and analytical continuation. The integral equations of scattered potential computed asymptotically are used to describe the acoustic characteristics of structures and their interaction with fluid flow in subsonic conditions. The findings of the study reveal the sharp peaks of the scattered potential at certain angles with more oscillation in high subsonic flow. Also, increasing the frequency of the vibrating plate increases the amplitude of the scattered potential but is attenuated in mean flow whereas enhancing plate vibrations amplifies the scattered sound, and it is more vibrant in high subsonic flow than mean flow and no fluid flow. This research has applications in noise reduction, aeronautical engineering, and the detection of underwater structures using acoustic waves and micropolar elastic media.

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Er:YAG Laser-Activated Irrigation Systems on Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Simulated Internal Root Resorption Cavities at Different Root Levels.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with a short pulse duration for removing calcium hydroxide (CH) from simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities at three root levels. Background: Pulse duration is an important parameter during LAI, which ensures the efficiency of irradiation and the corresponding activation process. Short pulses in the range of a few microseconds enable rapid expansion and successive implosion of irrigants, resulting in distinct fluid movement. There have been few reports on CH removal efficacy from IRR cavities of different LAI systems, including those using short pulse duration. Methods: IRR cavities (1.6 mm diameter) were created at the apical, middle, and coronal root levels in 60 mandibular premolars and filled with a radiopaque CH paste. Samples were assigned to the following irrigation groups (n = 12, each): (1) LAI(P)-F, a prototype laser device that operates with short pulse duration (Morita Manufacturing) with a flat tip; (2) LAI(EA)-F, the ErwinAdverl laser device (Morita Manufacturing) with a flat tip; (3) LAI(EA)-T, the ErwinAdverl laser device with a tapered tip; (4) PIPS-T, the Lightwalker laser device (Fotona) with a tapered tip; and (5) SI, the syringe irrigation group. The laser tips were fixed at the canal entrance. The remaining CH volume and surface area were assessed in IRR cavities using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed utilizing one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Results: The LAI(P)-F and PIPS-T groups exhibited the highest CH removal rates at three different levels (p < 0.05). The LAI(EA)-F group had a significantly better efficacy of CH removal compared with the LAI(EA)-T group at the middle level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The LAI(P)-F and PIPS-T groups demonstrated superior efficiency in removing CH from simulated IRR cavities.

Determine velocity of fluid in curved micro channels fabricated with 3d printing (SLA)

The study investigated fluid dynamics in curved microchannels, exploring 3D printing parameters, channel geometry, and fluid properties, crucial for applications in medicine and energy. It highlighted the importance of microfluidics in handling small samples and enabling rapid analysis, stressing the need for precise measurement techniques to validate fluid velocity. Using 3D printing for microchannel design illustrated their utility, with microscopy aiding flow behavior comprehension. The research aimed to validate fluid velocity, covering technology analysis, microdevice design, fabrication, and measurement methodologies. It successfully fabricated microdevices confirming fluid movement via capillarity, revealing the relationship between channel radius and flow velocity. Distinct flow velocity patterns were observed, vital for design optimization. The study affirmed capillary flow as a spontaneous phenomenon, with fluid velocity variations along curved microchannels consistent with mass conservation principles in incompressible flows.

Investigating the vaporization mechanism's effect on interfacial tension during gas injection into an oil reservoir

In gas injection, which is one of the fascinating enhanced oil recovery techniques, the main mechanism involves decreasing interfacial tension (IFT). Although various mechanisms can affect the IFT of a system, in most experimental and numerical studies, condensation is considered the dominant mechanism among condensation-vaporization and vaporization. Investigating the impact of each mechanism is crucial as they can influence the IFT of the system and, consequently, the effectiveness of the gas injection method. This study introduces a novel model to assess the influence of different mechanisms on system IFT. The model defines system IFT, adjusts fluid relative permeability to represent miscible, immiscible, and near-miscible states, and utilizes the Buckley–Leverett method to analyze gas fractional flow and saturation profiles when injecting carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2). Furthermore, the research explores the impact of injection pressure and IFT at minimum miscible pressure (IFT0) on gas injection efficiency. Based on our results, for both live and dead oil, the condensation mechanism reduces IFT and near-miscible pressure; switching to a condensing-vaporizing mechanism increases these parameters. This trend was consistent across all gases studied (N2, CO2, CH4), with a more significant effect observed on the CH4-live oil system compared to N2 and CO2. Controlling the condensing mechanism in IFT measurements enhances gas flow rate and relative permeability curve within the medium. Higher injection pressure in the condensing mechanism and IFT0 = 0.5 leads to faster fluid movement and improved relative permeability due to increased driving forces. Higher IFT0 accelerates the relative permeability of fluids and gas movement within the medium by promoting miscibility sooner. The impact of IFT0 was more pronounced on the dead oil–gas system compared to the live oil–gas system in this study.

Non-similar simulations of Ellis model based ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through porous media

The investigation of nanofluid flow through porous media is an emerging area of research in the optimization of thermal processing and numerous thermodynamic processes. The principal objective of these thermal applications is to examine the movement of ternary hybrid nanofluid across a stretched sheet oriented vertically. The flow being examined is represented mathematically in order to incorporate the influences of magnetic fields, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The ternary hybrid nanofluid thermal performance can be enhanced and surpassed by adding nanoparticles to the base fluid. The non-Newtonian Ellis model takes into account the fluid movement through the porous media. Ferrous oxide ( Fe 3 O 4 ) , Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) , and Molybdenum disulfide ( Mo S 2 ) are regarded as nanoparticles, with ethylene glycol ( EG ) serving as the base fluid. To convert the governing equations into a dimensionless system, suitable non-similar transformations have been established. The local non-similarity (LNS) approach is used with the MATLAB built-in tool bvp4c up to the second truncation level. The physical impacts of dimensionless factors on the temperature and velocity profiles of the studied nanofluids are thoroughly investigated. When the magnetic and porosity parameters change, the velocity profile becomes smaller. The heat transmission rate declines when the assessments of the magnetic number and Eckert number increase. The skin friction coefficient experiences an increase as the estimates of magnetic properties and nanoparticle value rise. The current study holds various practical implications, encompassing Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Waste Heat Recovery, Advanced Cooling Technologies, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, and Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Numerical analysis of thermal-hydraulic influence of geometric flow baffles on multistage Tesla valves in printed circuit heat exchangers

The innovative structure and flexible functionality of Tesla valves have attracted significant attention across various industries. Unlike conventional check valves, which open in response to fluid movement and pressure and close to prevent backflow, Tesla valves utilize interconnected pathways to create a highly efficient and reliable method for regulating fluid flow. However, the thermal–hydraulic influence associated with the utilization of different geometric configurations of flow baffles in Tesla valves remain incompletely understood. This study employs numerical simulations to assess the effectiveness of a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) incorporating three layers of multistage Tesla valves with geometric flow baffles. The simulations, based on solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations, focus on analyzing the behavior of liquid water within a temperature range of 30 to 90 °C, pertinent to applications such as geothermal heating systems. The employed Tesla valve configuration demonstrates superior performance, exhibiting a notable enhancement in thermal effectiveness ranging from 13 % to 55 % compared to configurations utilizing zigzag, separate, and overlapping NACA 0020 airfoils under otherwise identical conditions. Three crucial geometric parameters are introduced to characterize the shape of flow baffles in multistage Tesla valves: the length from the baffle apex to the baffle half-front sphere, the radius of the baffle half-front sphere, and the distance from the baffle apex to the centerline of the entrance flow channel. Performance evaluation criteria (PEC) indicate that while the overlapping airfoil configuration performs better than both zigzag and separate configurations, the current Tesla valve design achieves approximately a 10–14 % higher PEC value than the overlapping airfoil configuration. The manipulation of geometric parameters for flow baffles is generally believed to be a critical step in the advancement of multistage Tesla valves, contributing to the enhancement of heat transfer and potentially broadening the applicability of these valves to various practical heat transfer systems.

Detection and Characterization of Seismic and Acoustic Signals at Pavlof Volcano, Alaska, Using Deep Learning

AbstractVolcanic tremor is a semi‐continuous seismic and/or acoustic signal that occurs at time scales ranging from seconds to years, with variable amplitudes and spectral features. Tremor sources have often been related to fluid movement and degassing processes, and are recognized as a potential geophysical precursor and co‐eruptive geophysical signal. Eruption forecasting and monitoring efforts need a fast, robust method to automatically detect, characterize, and catalog volcanic tremor. Here we develop VOlcano Infrasound and Seismic Spectrogram Network (VOISS‐Net), a pair of convolutional neural networks (one for seismic, one for acoustic) that can detect tremor in near real‐time and classify it according to its spectral signature. Specifically, we construct an extensive data set of labeled seismic and low‐frequency acoustic (infrasound) spectrograms from the 2021–2022 eruption of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska, and use it to train VOISS‐Net to differentiate between different tremor types, explosions, earthquakes and noise. We use VOISS‐Net to classify continuous data from past Pavlof Volcano eruptions (2007, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2021–2022). VOISS‐Net achieves an 81.2% and 90.0% accuracy on the seismic and infrasound test sets respectively, and successfully characterizes tremor sequences for each eruption. By comparing the derived seismoacoustic timelines of each eruption with the corresponding eruption chronologies compiled by the Alaska Volcano Observatory, our model identifies changes in tremor regimes that coincide with observed volcanic activity. VOISS‐Net can aid tremor‐related monitoring and research by making consistent tremor catalogs more accessible.

Methods Used to Estimate Reservoir Pressure Performance: A Review

Reservoir pressure plays a significant role in all reservoir and production engineering studies. It is crucial to characterize petroleum reservoirs: by detecting fluid movement, computing oil in place, and calculating the recovery factor. Knowledge of reservoir pressure is essential for predicting future production rates, optimizing well performance, or planning enhanced oil recovery strategies. However, applying the methods to investigate reservoir pressure performance is challenging because reservoirs are large, complex systems with irregular geometries in subsurface formations with numerous uncertainties and limited information about the reservoir's structure and behavior. Furthermore, many computational techniques, both numerical and analytical, have been utilized to examine reservoir pressure performance. This paper summarizes the concepts and applications of traditional and novel ways to investigate reservoir pressure changes over time. It provides a comprehensive review that assists the reader in recognizing and distinguishing between various techniques for obtaining an accurate description of reservoir pressure behavior during production, such as the reservoir simulation method, material balance equation approach, time-lapse seismic data, and modern artificial intelligence methods. Thus, the central concept of these procedures and a list of the authors' research are discussed.

Research on 2D Animation Simulation Based on Artificial Intelligence and Biomechanical Modeling

Animation techniques have been completely transformed by the union of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and biomechanical modeling, particularly in 2D animation. This study looks at a combination of AI and biomechanics to address the challenges of simulating 2D animation. Current approaches in 2D animation often struggle to achieve lifelike and fluid movements, especially when representing complex motion or interaction. These traditional techniques rely on manual keyframing or physics simulation, which may be time-consuming and do not provide the rich detail needed for realism in animations. To meet these aspects, this study suggested 2D animation using Artificial Intelligence with Biomechanical Modeling (2D-AI-BM). Our approach thus harnesses Deep Neural Network (DNN) for moving forecasts and improvement using biopsychological principles to help us imitate natural human actions better. In addition to character animation, it could apply to interactive storytelling and educational simulations. As a result, animators get more control over motion generation while drastically reducing the necessity for manual intervention through this fusion of AI and biomechanics, which smoothens the production pipeline for animations. This paper considers several important metrics to evaluate the proposed approach’s effectiveness, including user satisfaction, computational efficiency, motion smoothness and realism. Comparative studies with classical animation methods showed that the method generates realistic movements on 2D characters while saving time during production. The numerical findings exemplify that the recommended 2D-AI-BM model improves an accuracy rate of 97.4%, computational efficiency ratio of 96.3%, motion control ratio of 95.4%, pose detection ratio of 94.8% and scalability ratio of 93.2% compared to other popular techniques.