Mouse Urinary Bladder Research Articles

Production of mouse urinary bladder carcinomas by sodium cyclamate.

Sodium cyclamate was suspended in cholesterol pellets that were surgically implanted in the urinary bladders of mice. In duplicate experiments, incidences of mouse bladder carcinomas observed in animals exposed to these pellets were 78 and 61 percent compared with incidences of 13 and 12 percent in control mice exposed to pellets of pure cholesterol. The exposure of the mouse bladder to sodium cyclamate was very brief, as the time required for 50 percent of the compound to disappear from the pellets was about 1 hour. This experimental technique was found to be highly sensitive, reproducible, and predictive of the bladder carcinogenicity of orally administered cyclamate.

A hexagonal arrangement of subunits in membrane of mouse urinary bladder

Surface membranes of mouse urinary bladder have associated with them a hexagonal structure with a unit cell side of 160 Å containing subunits about 50 Å in diameter packed on a p6 lattice. The structure has been confirmed and refined by analysis of electron micrographs of negatively-stained specimens using an optical diffractometer.

Absorption by the mouse and rat urinary bladder of glycine, tryptophan and glucose.

THE passage of drugs, dyes and inorganic ions through the mammalian urinary bladder has been the subject of many investigations1,2. However, few attempts have been made to ascertain if the mammalian bladder absorbs normally occurring, physiological components of urine, for example, amino-acids and sugars. It was observed3 during the course of investigations of the bladder carcinogenicity4 of certain urinary metabolites of the essential amino-acid, L-tryptophan, that nearly 90 per cent of the carbon-14 present in an aqueous solution of carbon-14-labelled 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine or 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, instilled directly into the mouse urinary bladder, was recovered after 24 h in the respiratory carbon dioxide, carcass, and faeces. These data suggested that other normally occurring urinary substances might also be absorbed by the bladder.

FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON IMPLANTATION OF MATERIALS INTO THE URINARY BLADDER OF MICE.

FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON IMPLANTATION OF MATERIALS INTO THE URINARY BLADDER OF MICE.

Electron microscopic observations on transitional epithelium of the mouse urinary bladder

Previously, transitional epithelium was thought to consist of two cell types. Now, on the basis of fine structure, three distinct types of cells can be identified in the transitional epithelium of mouse urinary bladder, and each type corresponds to a separate cell layer. Thus, a layer of surface cells, a layer of intermediate cells and a layer of basal cells can be recognized. Surface cells are characterized by the presence of an apical layer of fine fibrils, some dense spherical granules about twice the size of the mitochondria, and many large vesicles. The vesicles are of two types: (1) round vesicles which may be involved in pinocytosis because thorium dioxide injected into the bladder lumen can subsequently be found in these vesicles; (2) compressed vesicles which do not take up thorium dioxide crystals but perhaps function as part of a dynamic urine barrier by carrying fluids from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. Cells of the intermediate layer have compressed vesicles, granules, and some large membranous whorls. The basal cells are devoid of these specialized cytoplasmic structures. Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and agranular endoplasmic reticulum are present in the cells of all three layers.

Polyploidy and differentiation in the transitional epithelium of mouse urinary bladder

1. There is a wide range in the size of nuclei from transitional epithelium of mouse urinary bladder, with the largest nuclei being nearest the lumen. These characteristics are present at birth and do not change significantly thereafter. 2. Microspectrophotometric measurements of nuclear DNA fall into several classes, indicating the presence of polyploidy. All surface cells and some deep cells are polyploid. 3. Neither the amount of DNA per nucleus nor the distribution of nuclear diameters is significantly altered in pituitary dwarf mice. 4. The counting of chromosomes in squash preparations of transitional epithelium showed the presence of polyploid chromosome groups in the mouse embryo from day 16 2/3 to birth. 5. The appearance of polyploidy in embryonic transitional epithelium was paralleled by the appearance of many binucleate cells, the nuclei of which were seen to enter division synchronously. The widespread presence of two prophases in a single cell and the lack of such duality in the later stages of division was taken as evidence of polyploid formation through fusion at late prophase and subsequent normal division into two polyploid nuclei. 6. The manner in which polyploidy was involved in the histogenesis of transitional epithelium led to the hypothesis that one characteristic of cytoplasmic differentiation in surface cells was brought about, at least in part, by nuclear differentiation.

Architecture and nerve supply of mammalian smooth muscle tissue.

Smooth muscle tissue from mouse urinary bladder, uterus, and gall bladder has been studied by means of the electron microscope. The smooth muscle cells are distinctly and completely separated from each other by a cytolemma comparable to the sarcolemma of striated muscle. The tissue is thus cellular and not syncytial. With this evidence, supported by electron microscopy of other tissues, we question the existence of true syncytia in animal tissues. Individual cell membranes necessary for the electrophysiologic events exist in smooth muscle, and its nerve and conduction in a tissue such as uterus or bladder can occur at the cellular level as well as at the tissue area level. The smooth muscle cell contains myofilaments, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, centrosome, and pinocytotic vesicles. These structures are described in some detail, and their probable interrelations and functions are discussed. The autonomic nerves innervating smooth muscle cells are composed of axons and lemnoblasts. The axon is suspended by the mesaxon formed by the infolded plasma membrane of the lemnoblast. The respective plasma membranes separate axon and lemnoblast from each other and from surrounding muscle cells. The axons of autonomic nerves never penetrate the plasma membrane of the muscle cell, but pass or intrude into muscle cell pockets, forming a contact between axonal plasma membrane and smooth muscle plasma membrane. The lemnoblast shows well developed endoplasmic reticulum with Palade granules, mitochondria, and a long, elliptical nucleus. The axon contains neurofilaments, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles; the quantity of the latter two being significantly greater in the periphery of lemnoblasts and near axon-muscle contact regions. We regard the contact regions as the synapses between the autonomic nerves and the smooth muscle cells.

Epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder in mice induced by 2‐acetyl‐amino‐fluorene

Epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder in mice induced by 2‐acetyl‐amino‐fluorene

The Pathology of Experimental Roentgen-Cystitis in Dogs

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1942The Pathology of Experimental Roentgen-Cystitis in Dogs W.C. Hueper, C. Virginia Fisher, J. De Carvajal-Forero, and Marvin R. Thompson W.C. HueperW.C. Hueper More articles by this author , C. Virginia FisherC. Virginia Fisher More articles by this author , J. De Carvajal-ForeroJ. De Carvajal-Forero More articles by this author , and Marvin R. ThompsonMarvin R. Thompson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)70782-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1942 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByLundbeck F and Sjögren C (2018) A Pharmacological in Vitro Study of the Mouse Urinary Bladder at the Time of Acute Change in Bladder Reservoir Function after IrradiationJournal of Urology, VOL. 148, NO. 1, (179-182), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1992.Duncan R, Bennett D, Evans A, Aron B and Schellhas H (2018) Radiation-Induced Bladder TumorsJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 1 Part 1, (43-45), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1977.Prout G (2018) CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 1 Part 1, (45-45), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1977. Volume 47Issue 2February 1942Page: 156-167 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1942 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information W.C. Hueper More articles by this author C. Virginia Fisher More articles by this author J. De Carvajal-Forero More articles by this author Marvin R. Thompson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...