Motorcycle Riders Research Articles

Route Optimization for Motorcycle Riders Using A* Algorithm to Enhance Fuel Efficiency

This research focuses on the development of a route optimization application designed to help motorcycle users reduce fuel consumption. Leveraging the Google Maps API and the A* algorithm, the application identifies the most efficient routes by analyzing factors such as road distance, traffic conditions, and elevation. The system is tailored to benefit motorcyclists, both those using carburetors and fuel injection systems, who frequently face fuel inefficiency due to improper route selection. By integrating real-time data from Google Maps, the application provides users with optimal route recommendations that not only minimize fuel usage but also reduce travel time. The A* algorithm was selected due to its high efficiency in determining the shortest paths by considering multiple variables simultaneously. Through simulations and testing, the system demonstrates significant potential to improve navigation efficiency, particularly for long-distance commuters. This solution is expected to contribute to cost savings and more environmentally friendly transportation choices.

Epidemiological Profile of the Victims Involved in Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) and ICD-10 Classification Attending an Emergency Department: A Descriptive Study

Abstract Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5-29 years. They cause approximately 1.3 million deaths every year, with 20 to 50 million more people suffering nonfatal injuries and many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. A retrospective record-based descriptive study was performed to analyze the epidemiological profile of the patients attending with road traffic accidents (RTA) to emergency/casualty department in a tertiary care hospital. The purposive sample from the last 7 months with those affected from RTA cases came to casualty and undergone treatment during the study duration and the exclusion criteria were brought dead patients. Out of 397 victims, 309 (77.8%) were male and 88 (22.2%) were female and mean age with SD 37.19 ± 13.9 years. Majority 143 (36.0%) had self-fall, 64 (16.1%) 2-wheeler vs pedestrian, 63 (15.9%) 2-wheelers vs 4-wheeler, 55 (13.9%) under 2-wheelers vs 2-wheeler. Majority were happened on Saturday 60 (15.1%), Sundays 71 (17.9%) and the rest on an average of 50 incidents in a day; out of them, the incident happened at evening 98 (24.7%) night 136 (34.2%) morning 109 (27.5%), and in the afternoon time 54 (13.6%), respectively. Accidents have male predominance, with more victims from adults and middle age 21-40 years. Most common category of the victim was motorcycle rider, followed by pedestrians, and as per ICD-10 classification, the common mechanism of incident happened was motorcycle rider noncollision transport accident (Code: V28).

Effects of automated red-light running control on motorcycle riders in Thailand

Effects of automated red-light running control on motorcycle riders in Thailand

Motorcycle and Equestrian Trauma: An ACS TQIP Comparative Study.

Motorcycle and equestrian accidents can share similar trauma mechanisms and can result in serious injuries. This study aims to analyze variations in injuries and safety standards through types, severity, and outcomes of traumatic injuries in both motorcycle and equestrian riders. Using the 2020 ACS TQIP database, we split patients into two groups based on their primary injury. We chose codes V28 and V80.0 to identify non-collision fall or throw injuries for motorcycle and equestrian accidents respectively. A total of 17,730 motorcycle and 5,461 equestrian patients were identified. Motorcyclists were more likely to experience external/superficial injuries (41.34% vs. 29.08%, p <.001) and chest trauma (5.15% vs. 3.18%, p <.001), while equestrian trauma resulted in more injuries to the abdomen and pelvic content (24.07% vs. 15.75%, p <.001), extremities and pelvic girdle (9.85% vs. 4.98%, p <.001), and head/neck (15.57% vs. 12.16%, p <.001) comparatively. Motorcyclists also had a higher average length of inpatient stay (6.06 (8.03) vs. 4.32 (4.23) days, p <.001). Helmet use was more common among motorcyclists than horseback riders (57.79% vs. 24.24%, p <.001). The average injury severity score between the two groups was not significantly different. These data show the different injuries observed between both activities and the need for increased safety equipment, especially in the case of hip and pelvic injuries among equestrians. The low rate of helmet, especially among equestrian riders, is concerning despite broad education regarding their benefits.

The Impact of Previous Accidents on The Probability of Repeat Accidents to Motorcyclists

According to 2019 statistics in Indonesia, the number of motorcycle accidents is relatively high, at 84.4 percent. Other data show that 16.13 percent of accidents include drivers who have previously been in an accident. The purpose of this study is to obtain a model of the probability of an accident for motorcycle riders who have previously experienced an accident as well as for motorcycle riders who have never experienced an accident before. Data were collected by interviewing motorcycle riders who had only been in one traffic accident and those who had been in more than one. The results of the analysis suggest that a driver who has had a previous accident has a 16 percent probability of having an accident, but a driver who has never had an accident has an 84 percent probability of having an accident. Furthermore, validation is carried out by calculating the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) value. The MAD value calculated from the results is 11.16 percent. Following that, numerous scenarios were run, with scenario 1 demonstrating that female drivers who have previously been in an accident have a higher accident probability than male drivers who have previously been in an accident. Meanwhile, scenario 2 shows that drivers above the age of 20 who have had a previous accident are more likely to be involved in an accident than drivers under the age of 20. Scenario 3 reveals that drivers who are on varied roadside variable roads and driving on bends can reduce their monotone level from 45% to 22%, but this condition has no effect on the level of fatigue and the probability of accidents. The final scenario shows that a driver who drives between 24:00 and 06:00 will have probability of fatigue by 73% and will have accident probability by 17%. Finding of this study is the drivers who have previously been involved in an accident are less likely to be involved in another accident compared to the drivers who have never been involved in an accident before.

Behavior and Factors Influencing Students Riding Motorcycles Without a License to School

In Indonesia, underage motorcycle riders are frequently found operating vehicles without a valid driver's license, raising significant safety and legal concerns. This study aims to explore the motivations and behaviors of these underage riders, as well as the factors contributing to their non-compliance with traffic regulations. Conducted at SMAN 1 Randudongkal with 114 respondents, the research employed a quantitative descriptive approach. This method systematically analyzes numerical data to provide an in-depth understanding of a population or phenomenon, focusing on descriptive insights rather than causal relationships. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The analysis revealed that the primary motivations for students riding motorcycles to school without licenses are "saving time" (16.7%) and "the distance from home is too far" (16.7%). Other contributing factors include "convenience over alternative options" (13.2%), "lack of public transportation" (7.0%), and "peer influence" (2.6%). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address this issue, including improved access to public transportation and enhanced awareness campaigns about traffic safety and legal compliance. This study provides valuable insights into the behaviors and decision-making processes of underage motorcycle riders, serving as a foundation for policymakers and educators to develop effective strategies to mitigate this growing concern.

Assessing Risky Riding Behaviors Among Food Delivery Motorcyclists in Thailand: Insights from the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire and Health Belief Model

Background: Food delivery motorcyclists face unique risks that often lead to risky riding behaviors. Thailand, with one of the highest rates of motorcycle-related injuries and fatalities globally, has seen a surge in food delivery services following the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the number of motorcyclists on the roads. Delivery motorcyclists are especially vulnerable due to frequent exposure to traffic congestion, time pressures, and adverse weather. This study aims to identify key health beliefs and external factors contributing to risky riding behaviors among food delivery motorcyclists in Thailand. Methods: The study surveyed 2000 food delivery motorcyclists across five regions in Thailand, employing the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire and the Health Belief Model. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between health beliefs and risky riding behaviors. Results: The analysis revealed that health motivation, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cues to action were negatively associated with risky riding behaviors. Conversely, perceived barriers positively influenced these behaviors. Fatigue and aggressive riding were significant predictors of increased risky behaviors at the 0.001 level. Conclusions: Addressing individual health beliefs and external factors like fatigue and aggression is essential for reducing risky riding behaviors and preventing severe injuries.

A study of motorcycle riders related to speeding behavior in Thailand’s Industrial zones

Despite the considerable efforts to address traffic crashes, overspeeding in industrial zones remains a primary cause in Thailand. In order to effectively against this challenge (overspeeding), the deep-rooted factors influencing speeding behaviors, particularly drivers’ risky behaviors, must be understood. Thus, this study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the framework comprising three basic Es (Education, Engineering, and Enforcement) and additional Es (Emergency response), i.e., the 3Es + Es framework, to examine these deep-rooted factors while considering the riders’ sociodemographic data. Additionally, we performed structural equation modeling to investigate the factors influencing speeding behaviors, with key findings revealing that Engineering factors significantly account for overspeeding. Conversely, we revealed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (which are essential TPB components) significantly influence riders’ intentions to exhibit safe behavior, resulting in reduced speeding. Additionally, our examination of latent factors based on riders’ sociodemographic data revealed that age, marital status, income, riding experience, crash history, and traffic tickets are significant factors that determine speeding habits. Specifically, we observed that single riders and those with less than five years of riding experience were less likely to exhibit safe riding behaviors. Overall, our findings would benefit Thailand’s road-safety authorities, as we specifically proposed appropriate policies and empirical guidelines for Thailand’s industrial zones, which are prone to high crash rates. This could effectively reduce speeding among motorcycle riders and mitigate traffic crashes.

HELMET USE COMPLIANCE SURVEY FOR CRANIOFACIAL TRAUMA PREVENTION AMONG MOTORCYCLISTS IN JAYAPURA CITY RING ROAD

Highlights: This study provides insights on helmet compliance among motorcyclists in Jayapura City to help prevent head injuries. The analysis shows non-compliance with helmets, especially on the Jayapura Ring Road, where up to four people ride a single motorbike. Consequently, accidents causing head injuries result in greater health and humanitarian impacts. Abstract: Introduction: Compliance with helmet use by motorcycle riders and passengers passing through the highway is one of the important factors in preventing craniofacial injuries and head injury. This study designed to survey and evaluate the compliance with helmet use among motorcyclists and passengers on the ring road in Jayapura City. Methods: This time-based survey study observed compliance with helmet use by motorcycle riders and passengers passing through the Jayapura city ring road for 14 days of observation at three-time orders (morning, afternoon, and evening). Analysis of the collected data was carried out descriptively. Results: The results showed that during the study period, there were 6,411 motorcycles passing through, 18,602 motorcycle passers-by were at moderate risk of injury due to not wearing helmets (MR-IV) and 11,849 were at high risk (HR-II). The peak of non-compliance with helmet use occurred in the afternoon period (T3). The results showed that 71.92% of the HR-V group did not obey helmet use; 184.82% of the HR-II group did not obey helmet use. While non-compliance with helmet use in the MR-IV group even reached 290.15%. Conclusion: Helmet use compliance among motorcycle riders and passengers on the Jayapura Ring Road is low, increasing their risk of head injuries in accidents. This highlights the need for strategies to reduce helmet non-compliance in Jayapura City. The study focuses on one of the busiest routes, and further research is needed to assess helmet compliance on other busy routes in the city for a more comprehensive understanding.

Prevalence and the Associated Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in Kedah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence and the Associated Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in Kedah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Toward a Test-Based Methodology to Evaluate Unrestrained Torso Neck Braces Using the Hybrid III ATD and MATD Neck

&lt;div&gt;The introduction of unrestrained torso neck braces as a safety intervention for helmeted motorcycle riders has introduced a set of unsolved challenges. Understanding the injury prevention afforded by these devices depends on a reliable test methodology by which to critically evaluate their efficacy against the most common mechanisms of neck injury. An inverted pendulum test is proposed to evaluate compression flexion (CF), tension flexion (TF), and tension extension (TE) of the neck using a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (HIII ATD) neck and a motorcycle-specific ATD (MATD) neck. In addition to investigating methods to quantify the beneficial effects of a neck brace, potential adverse effects of such a device are evaluated by measuring and evaluating relevant neck response measures. To that end, measured data using a current neck brace were analyzed and applied to various injury criteria related to the ATD neck used to compare the injury risk predicted by each parameter. The HIII ATD neck allows for a more conservative evaluation due to its exaggerated response in compression and may be more suitable in evaluating the neck injury criterion and injury risk in CF loading for low energy impacts. The MATD neck is limited to certain impact modalities, particularly the uncoupled behavior between head and neck during hyperextension, and individual neck measures at lower impact energy due to its limited structural integrity in direct head impacts. In the proposed tests, injury mechanisms were initially associated with a pre-impact head orientation and expected head and neck motion. However, these associations are not definitive. Although the most relevant neck injury mechanisms related to the unrestrained torso were addressed, the authors suggest that the presented tests are supplemented by a method to evaluate higher energy vertex impacts as a means to determine a neck brace’s efficacy during this loading modality.&lt;/div&gt;

Gender disparities in rural motorcycle accidents: A neural network analysis of travel behavior impact

Rural road accidents involving motorcycle riders present a formidable challenge to road safety globally. This study offers a comprehensive gender-based comparative analysis of rural road accidents among motorcycle riders, aimed at illuminating factors contributing to accidents and discerning potential gender disparities in accident rates and severity. Employing a sophisticated Neural Network approach, the research delves into the intricate relationship between various variables and accident outcomes, with a specific emphasis on identifying gender-specific patterns. For female riders, the ANN model demonstrates impressive overall accuracy (CA) of 92%, indicating its capability to correctly classify accident outcomes. Precision, which measures the model's ability to avoid false positives, stands at a commendable 90.8%. Moreover, the model exhibits high recall (92%) and F1 score (88.4%), indicating its effectiveness in identifying both fatal and non-fatal accidents among female riders. Additionally, the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.132 suggests a moderate level of agreement between the predicted and actual outcomes. Upon further examination, it is evident that the model performs exceptionally well in predicting non-fatal accidents for female riders, achieving a precision, recall, and F1 score of 92%, 99.9%, and 95.8%, respectively. However, its performance in predicting fatalities is relatively lower, with a precision of 75.6% and recall of 2.6%, resulting in a lower F1 score of 5.0%. Despite this disparity, the MCC remains consistent at 0.132, indicating a balanced performance across both classes. The findings reveal valuable insights for policymakers and road safety practitioners, providing avenues for the development of targeted interventions and the enhancement of safety measures for motorcycle riders on rural roads. By addressing the gap in understanding gender-related differences in travel habits and accident risks, this research contributes to ongoing efforts to mitigate the impact of road accidents and promote safer travel environments for all road users.

When does Reckless Driving Occurs? Case Study in Nampula, Mozambique

This study investigates the influence of traffic conditions on reckless driving behavior in Nampula, Mozambique, where road accidents claim several lives daily. Previous research has largely focused on individual driving behaviors, neglecting the impact of traffic environments on such behaviors. This study addresses this gap by categorizing vehicles into four groups: passenger cars, minibuses, trucks, and motorcycles, and classifying traffic conditions using k-means clustering. Three distinct traffic patterns were identified: Motorcycle and Car Dominant Traffic (MCDT), High-Density Traffic Flow (HDTf), and Low-Density Traffic Flow (LDTf). Results show that reckless driving is significantly influenced by traffic conditions, with minibuses, motorcycles, and trucks being key contributors. Pattern 2 (HDTf) demonstrated the highest occurrence of reckless driving, driven by competition among minibus drivers, the obstructive presence of trucks, and risky motorcycle maneuvers. Pattern 1 also exhibited elevated risk, particularly performed among motorcycle riders, while Pattern 3 (LDTf) showed the lowest risk due to reduced traffic density. Poisson regression analysis revealed that increased traffic flow in any vehicle category is associated with higher rates of reckless driving. Minibuses and motorcycles, functioning as demand-oriented public transport, engage in competitive and unsafe behaviors, while trucks, though not engaging in reckless driving directly, act as barriers that exacerbate risky maneuvers by other vehicles. These findings highlight the need for dedicated lanes for minibuses and motorcycles and tailored traffic safety policies to mitigate reckless driving.

Analisis Determinan Perilaku Keselamatan Berkendara (Safety Riding) pada Ojek Online (Maxim) di Pangkalan Ojek Motor Jl. Untung Suropati Kota Samarinda

Traffic and road accidents are considered one of the leading causes of death among children and adolescents aged 5-29 years. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, education level, driving experience, and knowledge with safety riding behavior among motorcycle taxi riders at the MAXIM Online Ojek Base on Jl. Untung Suropati, Samarinda City. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research approach. This type of research is observational-analytic with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, where samples are selected based on criteria predetermined by the researcher. The total sample consists of 37 individuals, determined using the total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results show that there is a relationship between age and knowledge with respondents' safety riding behavior. However, there is no relationship between driving experience and education level with respondents' safety riding behavior. In conclusion, it is recommended that motorcycle taxi riders improve their knowledge of proper safety riding practices.

Parameter optimization design of the helmet liner structure for mitigating traumatic brain injury under impact loading

Abstract Helmets play a crucial role in protecting motorcycle riders during two-wheeler accidents by reducing the risk of head injuries. This study investigated the complex interplay between the density, Poisson’s ratio, and Young’s modulus of a helmet liner and their impact on biomechanical factors contributing to traumatic brain injury during collisions. A validated finite element model of a 50th percentile detailed human head was initially used, followed by the development of a coupled helmet head model for collision simulations. The accuracy of the model was assessed by comparing the center-of-mass acceleration data of the head with the experimental results. This study analyzed the von Mises stress, skull stress, and intracranial pressure, and the results revealed patterns in stress distribution and the potential for cranial and brain injuries. Stress concentrations were observed in the cervical region before the impact, characterized by compressive stress on the impacted side and tensile stress on the opposite side, with peak stress levels found in the temporal bone base and frontal bone. After the impact, brain inertia–driven movements can further increase the risk of traumatic brain injury. The study found a positive correlation between liner density and center-of-mass acceleration of the head in the absence of bottoming out of the liner. By optimizing the liner properties, the study achieved a 4.5% reduction in head acceleration, a 10.1% decrease in skull stress, and a 19.8% reduction in intracranial pressure. These findings offer valuable insights for biomechanical research on head injuries caused by traffic accidents and for improving helmet designs to enhance protective measures.

The correlation between motorcycle riding duration with carpal tunnel syndrome among online ojek workers in Cimahi

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy of the wrist caused by the compression within the carpal tunnel, which puts pressure on the median nerve. Riding a motorcycle combines the risk factors for CTS, including grip strength and repetitive movements. The flexibility of working hours has led to an increase in the number of online motorcycle taxi workers. This research uses a cross-sectional design, and the sample consisted of 82 individuals selected using purposive sampling technique. Research data were processed using the Chi-Square test. The duration of motorcycle riding, categorized as either ≥8 hours per day or &lt;8 hours per day, is associated with a risk of developing CTS. The results of the questionnaire indicated that the most common CTS symptoms reported by ojek online workers was tingling, experienced by 70.73% of respondents, while the least reported symptom was difficulty grasping or using small objects, reported by 23.17% of participants. The Chi-Square analysis test revealed no significant difference in the incidence of CTS complaints between those who rode motorbike for ≥8 hours and thos who rode &lt;8 hours per day among Ojek Online workers in Cimahi (pvalue 0.635). This insignificant difference may be due to other risk factors that influence the emergence of CTS in Ojek Online workers.

Smart Electric Dashboard for 2-Wheeler

Abstract: This paper aims to enhance the efficiency of manual actuation and automation for sliding of side-stand to increase the safety of the rider. In the modern developing world, automobile plays an important role especially two-wheeler i.e. (motorcycles&amp; bikes) plays a major role. The purpose of the Automatic Side Stand Slider project is to design, develop, and implement an automated system for deploying and retracting the side stand of a motorcycle. The project aims to enhance safety, convenience, and stability for motorcycle riders by automating the side stand operation based on predefined criteria and user preferences.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations and Experiments of Anti-Lock Braking System for Cornering Motorcycles

This study focuses on developing an advanced anti-lock braking system (ABS) for motorcycles, specifically targeting the challenges associated with cornering. Significant roll angles during motorcycle turns can often lead to slipping and the loss of control, increasing the risk of accidents. Existing ABSs primarily address longitudinal dynamics and fail to provide optimal braking control during cornering. To address this gap, this study utilizes BikeSim and MATLAB/Simulink for simulations and experiments to design an ABS that adapts to varying roll angles by analyzing motorcycle dynamics during cornering. A tire model is constructed using the Magic Formula to examine both longitudinal and lateral characteristics under different conditions, which helps determine the current tire slip set-point. The controller, designed with a finite-state machine combined with bang-off-bang control, uses tire slip as the control variable. It adjusts the slip set-point based on changes in roll angle and sends control signals to the hydraulic actuator to regulate braking pressure, ensuring optimal braking performance without the loss of control. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop experiments are conducted, with real-time control commands sent to the hardware platform’s actuator via BikeSim RT. These experiments validate the effectiveness of the designed controller, significantly enhancing braking stability during cornering and improving safety for motorcycle riders.

Identifying the role of route choice behavior of motorcycle riders in microscopic simulation modeling under mixed traffic conditions

Identifying the role of route choice behavior of motorcycle riders in microscopic simulation modeling under mixed traffic conditions

Prehospital factors associated with mortality among road traffic injury patients: analysis of Cameroon trauma registry data

BackgroundCameroon is amongst the worst affected countries by road traffic injuries with an estimated 1443 disability-adjusted life years per 100,000 population. There have been very limited reports on the crucial prehospital response to road traffic injuries in Cameroon. This study aimed to identify prehospital factors associated with RTI mortality in Cameroon.MethodsWe included patients enrolled between June 2022 and March 2023 in the Cameroon Trauma Registry. Information about prehospital factors and demographic data was obtained from patients or their proxies. We examined the association of prehospital care factors like care at the crash scene and type of transportation during crash with final patient outcome. We used Chi-squared test to investigate the association between selected independent variables and mortality. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to identify independent predictors of dying from an RTI.ResultsRTIs constituted 69.5% (n = 3203) of all injuries in the Cameroon Trauma Registry. Only 20.7% (n = 102) of 4 + wheel vehicle occupants had seatbelts on and just 2.7% (n = 53) of motorcycle riders were wearing helmets during the collision. Only 4.9% (n = 156) of patients received any form of scene care. In-hospital mortality was 4.3% (n = 139) and was associated with male sex (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.08–2.80), crashing on a motorcycle (AOR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.1–3.67) and scene care (AOR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.04–0.80).ConclusionsReceiving any type of care at the scene such as bleeding control or being placed in the recovery position by bystanders is associated with improved survival. Improving on existing informal prehospital care responses should be a priority in Cameroon.