Working Conditions Of Motor Research Articles

Mechanical and Magnetic Properties Variation in Non-Oriented Electrical Steels with Different Cutting Technology: A Review.

The problem of energy consumption reduction establishes important challenges for electric motor producers in the framework of new international regulations regarding the conditions that must be accomplished by motors in the near future. One of the most important topics is related to the core loss decrease directly linked to the effect of electrical steel degradation induced by the cutting technology. Understanding exactly how this phenomenon occurs by analyzing the chemical, mechanical, crystallographic, magnetic domain, and magnetic properties is of utmost importance when manufacturing processes must be changed and adapted to a new market characterized by high-efficiency motors. Today, mechanical and laser cutting technologies are the most used because of their reduced price and high-speed process. Still, unfortunately, these methods are not the best due to the fact that they lead, in most cases, to a high value of magnetic core losses, low electromagnetic torque, and hence reduced efficiency. This review paper shows that non-conventional technologies such as water jetting and electroerosion could be applied if proper modifications are added. This paper's main idea is to present a comprehensive study regarding the impact of cutting technologies on microhardness and residual stresses, crystallographic texture, magnetic domain structure, and magnetic properties of some non-oriented electrical steels used in motor production. It provides a detailed analysis of the abovementioned aspects by including the authors' research and findings in the wider context of other research group contributions. It also offers a general idea of the mechanisms present at the macro- and microscopic levels. The readers can find some of the most used analytical models, including the cutting process's damaged effect on the magnetic properties' variation based on a simple mathematical approach and examples of finite element modeling performed on real motor designs implemented in various programs. Last but not least, some practical implementations of the cutting procedure's influence on motor working conditions are presented in the last section of the paper. It provides an up-to-date analysis regarding how the cutting method should be included in high-efficiency motor production by emphasizing the importance of the topic and identifying where supplementary research must be undertaken. From the investigated literature, by analyzing specific sample geometries associated with different characterization methods, it can be concluded that all the cutting technologies have an important contribution to the mechanical and magnetic quantities. When the magnetic core of an electric motor is produced through non-conventional methods, the overall influence of the cutting procedure has a low percentage in the motor efficiency, as presented in this paper.

Capacitance balance control strategy for three-phase four-switch open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor

The open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OWPMSM) system is a novel high-cost system that uses dual-inverters to control both sides of the stator to improve the performance of the motor. To save the system cost, the three-phase four-switch open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (TPFS-OWPMSM) system is proposed to replace the general three-phase six-switch OWPMSM system, but it brings the problem of bridge arm capacitor voltage offset. To solve the instability problem caused by capacitance, this paper carries out the state analysis and offset source analysis of the inverter capacitor voltage, and proposes a dual-inverters capacitor voltage balance control strategy. The capacitor balance control converts unstable capacitor offset voltage into current and injects the currents into the stator current loop through closed-loop correction. And this strategy includes the optimal control of different capacitors under dual-inverters with the goal of system stability. The effectiveness of the balancing strategy is verified by the simulation of various motor working conditions.

Evaluating the influence of mechanical system vibration characteristics on servo motor efficiency

In this study, the influence of mechanical vibration characteristics on the efficiency of a servo motor was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a dedicated apparatus comprising two servo motors connected to a coupling was used. The efficiency of the motor was investigated by first considering the signals of voltage and current; then, the mechanical power was calculated from the acquired torque and angular velocity supplied by the motor. Subsequently, working conditions involving different angular velocities and loading torques were investigated to generate a motor efficiency map. To clarify the influence of the vibration characteristics on the motor efficiency, two types of couplings differing in torsional stiffness and damping characteristics were considered—Type A and Type B. The efficiency was calculated for eight vibration conditions imposed via the selection of the velocity control gain settings for both types. Resultantly, the manner in which the efficiency is affected by the vibration conditions was clarified. Moreover, coupling in the case of better vibration damping characteristics was confirmed to yield a higher motor efficiency for all gain settings. Furthermore, motor working conditions corresponding to high and low motor efficiencies were evaluated, and the motor thermal behavior was investigated. Overall, a lower motor efficiency was confirmed to be associated with increasing temperatures. These results suggest the importance of the vibration characteristics of mechanical systems for achieving high efficiency.

Real-Time Multiparameter Identification of a Salient-Pole PMSM Based on Two Steady States

Real-time multiparameter identification has been widely investigated in relation to high-performance control and fault diagnosis of salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). However, it is rank-deficient for simultaneously estimating flux, resistance, and dq-axis inductances based on one steady state under maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, which will cause the ill-convergence problem in the results. This paper proposes a new method to solve the rank deficiency problem in the multiparameter identification of salient-pole PMSMs in systems where the motor working conditions do not change frequently. For this type of system, a second steady state is constructed in order to meet the full-rank conditions for multiparameter identification and minimize the torque ripple. Furthermore, in order to reduce the influence of inductance variations, a better shift direction from the first steady state to the second is ensured based on the analysis of the theoretical error. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method demonstrates good identification performance.

Motor fault detection using Quaternion Signal Analysis on FPGA

In industry, the maintenance of motors strategy requires accurate monitoring techniques that indicate the motor working conditions and the type of fault detected. In this work, the Quaternion Signal Analysis (QSA) method is used to analyze statistical features of motor signals in order to detect faulty and healthy conditions in motor induction. The use of quaternion arithmetic to rotate and characterize signal behavior in a time domain provides accurate results using a reduced number of samples during classification. The accelerometer and current signals measured from the motor are modeled as quaternions. The decision trees method is used to classify healthy (HLT), unbalanced pulley (BAL) and bearing fault (BRN) motor conditions. The proposed methodology was implemented on an FPGA device through Very-High-Speed Hardware Description Language (VHDL) to validate the effectiveness of our method in real motor working conditions. This architecture was tested to validate the effectiveness in real motor working conditions.

A Novel Industrial Wireless Sensor Network for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Machines

A novel industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical machines is presented, in which on-sensor fault diagnosis based on principal component analysis is explored to address the tension between the high system requirements of electrical machine monitoring and the resource constrained characteristics of IWSN sensor nodes. The prototype system is evaluated with a single phase induction motor monitoring system. Normal motor working conditions and two types of motor faults, ie. loose feet and mass imbalance, are monitored to validate the feasibility of the proposed system. The results show that using on-sensor fault diagnosis can reduce transmission data by 99.8%, decrease energy consumption, and prolong node lifetime from 106 to 153 h, an increase of 44%. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed approach has high fault diagnosis accuracy.

A novel industrial wireless sensor network for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical machines

A novel industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical machines is presented, in which on-sensor fault diagnosis based on principal component analysis is explored to address the tension between the high system requirements of electrical machine monitoring and the resource constrained characteristics of IWSN sensor nodes. The prototype system is evaluated with a single phase induction motor monitoring system. Normal motor working conditions and two types of motor faults, ie. loose feet and mass imbalance, are monitored to validate the feasibility of the proposed system. The results show that using on-sensor fault diagnosis can reduce transmission data by 99.8%, decrease energy consumption, and prolong node lifetime from 106 to 153 h, an increase of 44%. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed approach has high fault diagnosis accuracy.

Electrothermal Analysis of Induction Motor With Compound Cage Rotor Used for PHEV

A new kind of induction motor with compound cage rotor (IMCCR) is proposed in this paper, in which rotor bars are composed of upper parts made of alloy (conductor for electric and magnetic) and lower parts made of cast aluminum. Calculation models for IMCCR electromagnetic field and whole region (including stator and rotor) temperature field analyses are established. From a motor electromagnetic analysis using the finite-element method, loss distributions are obtained, which are taken as the heat source in thermal analysis. In this paper, the starting and thermal performances of IMCCR operating under rated load are studied. From the comparison of the obtained results with test data, it can be seen that IMCCR would be a better choice for the driving system in electrical vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs). Furthermore, the influences of compound bar material on motor temperature distribution are analyzed, which would be helpful for the research on electrical materials used in machines. Considering the working conditions of motor used in PHEV and EV, the effects of ambient temperature and output load on motor thermal performance also have been studied.