Motor Imagery EEG Signals Research Articles

Automatic feature selection of motor imagery EEG signals using differential evolution and learning automata

Brain-computer interfacing (BCI) has been the most researched technology in neuroprosthesis in the last two decades. Feature extractors and classifiers play an important role in BCI research for the generation of suitable control signals to drive an assistive device. Due to the high dimensionality of feature vectors in practical BCI systems, implantation of efficient feature selection algorithms has been an integral area of research in the past decade. This article proposes an efficient feature selection technique, realized by means of an evolutionary algorithm, which attempts to overcome some of the shortcomings of several state-of-the-art approaches in this field. The outlined scheme produces a subset of salient features which improves the classification accuracy while maintaining a trade-off with the computational speed of the complete scheme. For this purpose, an efficient memetic algorithm has also been proposed for the optimization purpose. Extensive experimental validations have been conducted on two real-world datasets to establish the efficacy of our approach. We have compared our approach to existing algorithms and have established the superiority of our algorithm to the rest.

Channel selection by Rayleigh coefficient maximization based genetic algorithm for classifying single-trial motor imagery EEG

While common spatial pattern may be the most widely used feature for discriminating motor imagery based EEG signals, Rayleigh coefficient maximization enable us to have one more effective. However, such a feature is often deteriorated by redundant electrode channels which may result in low classification accuracy, extra subsequent computational load and difficulty in understanding which part of the brain relates to classification-relevant activity. In this paper, we present a channel selection method to deal with these problems, in which an improved genetic algorithm based on the Rayleigh coefficient feature is conducted to determine the optimal subset of channels. Experiment results on two motor imagery EEG datasets verify that our method is effective in channel selection for classifying motor imagery EEG signals.

Feature Extraction and Classification for EEG Signals of Motor Imagery in Brain-Computer Interface

Feature Extraction and Classification for EEG Signals of Motor Imagery in Brain-Computer Interface

Improved Classification Methods for Brain Computer Interface System

Brain computer interface (BCI) aims at providing a new communication way without brain's normal output through nerve and muscle. The electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used for BCI system because it is a non-invasive approach. For the EEG signals of left and right hand motor imagery, the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) are used as classification features in this paper. The raw data are transformed by nonlinear methods and classified by Fisher classifier. Compared with the linear methods, the classification accuracy can get an obvious increase to 86.25%. Two different nonlinear transform were arised and one of them is under the consideration of the relativity of two channels of EEG signals. With these nonlinear transform, the performance are also stable with the balance of two misclassifications.

Improving the Separability of Motor Imagery EEG Signals Using a Cross Correlation-Based Least Square Support Vector Machine for Brain–Computer Interface

Although brain-computer interface (BCI) techniques have been developing quickly in recent decades, there still exist a number of unsolved problems, such as improvement of motor imagery (MI) signal classification. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm to improve the classification success rate of MI-based electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in BCIs. The proposed scheme develops a novel cross-correlation based feature extractor, which is aided with a least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) for two-class MI signals recognition. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed classifier, we replace the LS-SVM classifier by a logistic regression classifier and a kernel logistic regression classifier, separately, with the same features extracted from the cross-correlation technique for the classification. The proposed approach is tested on datasets, IVa and IVb of BCI Competition III. The performances of those methods are evaluated with classification accuracy through a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. We also assess the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with eight recently reported algorithms. Experimental results on the two datasets show that the proposed LS-SVM classifier provides an improvement compared to the logistic regression and kernel logistic regression classifiers. The results also indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the most recently reported eight methods and achieves a 7.40% improvement over the best results of the other eight studies.

운동심상 EEG 패턴분석을 위한 HSA 기반의 HMM 최적화 방법

HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) are widely used for biological signal, such as EEG (electroencephalogram) sequence, analysis because of their ability to incorporate sequential information in their structure. A recent trends of research are going after the biological interpretable HMMs, and we need to control the complexity of the HMM so that it has good generalization performance. So, an automatic means of optimizing the structure of HMMs would be highly desirable. In this paper, we described a procedure of classification of motor imagery EEG signals using HMM. The motor imagery related EEG signals recorded from subjects performing left, right hand and foots motor imagery. And the proposed a method that was focus on the validation of the HSA (Harmony Search Algorithm) based optimization for HMM. Harmony search algorithm is sufficiently adaptable to allow incorporation of other techniques. A HMM training strategy using HSA is proposed, and it is tested on finding optimized structure for the pattern recognition of EEG sequence. The proposed HSA-HMM can performs global searching without initial parameter setting, local optima, and solution divergence.

Energy Entropy Used in Identification Based on Motor Imagery EEG

Subjects are identified by classifying motor imagery EEG signal. Energy entropy was used to preprocess motor imagery EEG data, and the Fisher class separability criterion was applied to extract features. Finally, classification of of extracted features was performed by a Linear discrimination analysis method. Four types motor imagery EEG of three subjects was classified respectively. The results showed that the average classification accuracy achieved over 85%, and the highest was 88.7% on tongue movement imagery EEG

Robot-Aided Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Based on Motor Imagery EEG

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. In this paper, a novel robot-assisted rehabilitation system based on motor imagery electroencephalography (EEG) is developed for regular training of neurological rehabilitation for upper limb stroke patients. Firstly, three-dimensional animation was used to guide the patient image the upper limb movement and EEG signals were acquired by EEG amplifier. Secondly, eigenvectors were extracted by harmonic wavelet transform (HWT) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier was utilized to classify the pattern of the left and right upper limb motor imagery EEG signals. Finally, PC triggered the upper limb rehabilitation robot to perform motor therapy and gave the virtual feedback. Using this robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation system, the patient's EEG of upper limb movement imagination is translated to control rehabilitation robot directly. Consequently, the proposed rehabilitation system can fully explore the patient's motivation and attention and directly facilitate upper limb post-stroke rehabilitation therapy. Experimental results on unimpaired participants were presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the rehabilitation system. Combining robot-assisted training with motor imagery-based BCI will make future rehabilitation therapy more effective. Clinical testing is still required for further proving this assumption.

Application of Tripolar Concentric Electrodes and Prefeature Selection Algorithm for Brain–Computer Interface

For persons with severe disabilities, a brain-computer interface (BCI) may be a viable means of communication. Lapalacian electroencephalogram (EEG) has been shown to improve classification in EEG recognition. In this work, the effectiveness of signals from tripolar concentric electrodes and disc electrodes were compared for use as a BCI. Two sets of left/right hand motor imagery EEG signals were acquired. An autoregressive (AR) model was developed for feature extraction with a Mahalanobis distance based linear classifier for classification. An exhaust selection algorithm was employed to analyze three factors before feature extraction. The factors analyzed were 1) length of data in each trial to be used, 2) start position of data, and 3) the order of the AR model. The results showed that tripolar concentric electrodes generated significantly higher classification accuracy than disc electrodes.